Load in NumPy (remember to pip install numpy first)

import numpy as np

The Basics
a = np.array([1,2,3], dtype='int32')
print(a)

[1 2 3]

b = np.array([[9.0,8.0,7.0],[6.0,5.0,4.0]])
print(b)

[[9. 8. 7.]
[6. 5. 4.]]

# Get Dimension
a.ndim

# Get Shape
b.shape

(2, 3)

# Get Type
a.dtype

dtype('int32')

# Get Size
a.itemsize

# Get total size

a.nbytes

12

# Get number of elements

a.size

Accessing/Changing specific elements, rows, columns, etc

a = np.array([[1,2,3,4,5,6,7],[8,9,10,11,12,13,14]])
print(a)

[[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7]
[ 8 9 10 11 12 13 14]]
# Get a specific element [r, c]
a[1, 5]

13

# Get a specific row

a[0, :]

array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])

# Get a specific column

a[:, 2]

array([ 3, 10])

# Getting a little more fancy [startindex:endindex:stepsize]

a[0, 1:-1:2]

array([2, 4, 6])

a[1,5] = 20

a[:,2] = [1,2]
print(a)

[[ 1 2 5 4 5 6 7]
[ 8 9 5 11 12 20 14]]
[[ 1 2 1 4 5 6 7]
[ 8 9 2 11 12 20 14]]

*3-d example
b = np.array([[[1,2],[3,4]],[[5,6],[7,8]]])
print(b)

[[[1 2]
[3 4]]

[[5 6]
[7 8]]]

# Get specific element (work outside in)

b[0,1,1]

# replace
b[:,1,:] = [[9,9,9],[8,8]]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
ValueError Traceback (most recent call
last)
<ipython-input-34-db1aebb5daad> in <module>()
1 # replace
----> 2 b[:,1,:] = [[9,9,9],[8,8]]

ValueError: setting an array element with a sequence.

array([[[1, 2],
[9, 9]],

[[5, 6],
[8, 8]]])

Initializing Different Types of Arrays

# All 0s matrix
np.zeros((2,3))

array([[0., 0., 0.],

[0., 0., 0.]])

# All 1s matrix
np.ones((4,2,2), dtype='int32')

array([[[1, 1],
[1, 1]],

[[1, 1],
[1, 1]],

[[1, 1],
[1, 1]],

[[1, 1],
[1, 1]]])

# Any other number

np.full((2,2), 99)

array([[99., 99.],
[99., 99.]], dtype=float32)

# Any other number (full_like)

np.full_like(a, 4)

array([[4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
[4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4]])

# Random decimal numbers

np.random.rand(4,2)
array([[0.07805642, 0.53385716],
[0.02494273, 0.99955252],
[0.48588042, 0.91247437],
[0.27779213, 0.16597751]])

# Random Integer values

np.random.randint(-4,8, size=(3,3))

array([[-2, -4, -4],

[ 6, 6, 3],
[ 3, 2, 2]])

# The identity matrix

np.identity(5)

array([[1., 0., 0., 0., 0.],

[0., 1., 0., 0., 0.],
[0., 0., 1., 0., 0.],
[0., 0., 0., 1., 0.],
[0., 0., 0., 0., 1.]])

# Repeat an array
arr = np.array([[1,2,3]])
r1 = np.repeat(arr,3, axis=0)
print(r1)

[[1 2 3]
[1 2 3]
[1 2 3]]

output = np.ones((5,5))
print(output)

z = np.zeros((3,3))
z[1,1] = 9
print(z)

output[1:-1,1:-1] = z
print(output)

[[1. 1. 1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1. 1. 1.]]
[[0. 0. 0.]
[0. 9. 0.]
[0. 0. 0.]]
[[1. 1. 1. 1. 1.]
[1. 0. 0. 0. 1.]
[1. 0. 9. 0. 1.]
 [1. 0. 0. 0. 1.]
[1. 1. 1. 1. 1.]]

Be careful when copying arrays!!!

a = np.array([1,2,3])
b = a.copy()
b[0] = 100

print(a)

[1 2 3]

Mathematics
a = np.array([1,2,3,4])
print(a)

[1 2 3 4]

a + 2

array([5, 6, 7, 8])

a - 2

array([-1, 0, 1, 2])

a * 2

array([2, 4, 6, 8])

a / 2

array([0.5, 1. , 1.5, 2. ])

b = np.array([1,0,1,0])
a + b

array([1, 0, 3, 0])

a ** 2

array([ 1, 4, 9, 16], dtype=int32)

# Take the sin

np.cos(a)

array([ 0.54030231, -0.41614684, -0.9899925 , -0.65364362])

# For a lot more

(https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/routines.math.html)
Linear Algebra
a = np.ones((2,3))
print(a)

b = np.full((3,2), 2)
print(b)

np.matmul(a,b)

[[1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1.]]
[[2 2]
[2 2]
[2 2]]

array([[6., 6.],
[6., 6.]])

# Find the determinant

c = np.identity(3)
np.linalg.det(c)

1.0

## Reference docs
(https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/routines.linalg.html)

# Determinant
# Trace
# Singular Vector Decomposition
# Eigenvalues
# Matrix Norm
# Inverse
# Etc...

Statistics
stats = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
stats

array([[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6]])

np.min(stats)

np.max(stats, axis=1)

array([3, 6])

np.sum(stats, axis=0)
array([5, 7, 9])

Reorganizing Arrays
before = np.array([[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8]])
print(before)

after = before.reshape((2,3))
print(after)

[[1 2 3 4]
[5 6 7 8]]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
ValueError Traceback (most recent call
last)
<ipython-input-151-6aa1f4e15729> in <module>()
2 print(before)
3
----> 4 after = before.reshape((2,3))
5 print(after)

ValueError: cannot reshape array of size 8 into shape (2,3)

# Vertically stacking vectors

v1 = np.array([1,2,3,4])
v2 = np.array([5,6,7,8])

np.vstack([v1,v2,v1,v2])

array([[1, 2, 3, 4],
[5, 6, 7, 8],
[1, 2, 3, 4],
[5, 6, 7, 8]])

# Horizontal stack
h1 = np.ones((2,4))
h2 = np.zeros((2,2))

np.hstack((h1,h2))

array([[1., 1., 1., 1., 0., 0.],

[1., 1., 1., 1., 0., 0.]])

Miscellaneous

Load Data from File

filedata = np.genfromtxt('data.txt', delimiter=',')
filedata = filedata.astype('int32')
print(filedata)
[[ 1 13 21 11 196 75 4 3 34 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4
5]
[ 3 42 12 33 766 75 4 55 6 4 3 4 5 6 7 0 11
12]
[ 1 22 33 11 999 11 2 1 78 0 1 2 9 8 7 1 76
88]]

Boolean Masking and Advanced Indexing

(~((filedata > 50) & (filedata < 100)))

array([[ True, True, True, True, True, False, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True],
[ True, True, True, True, True, False, True, False, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True],
[ True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, False,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, False,
False]])