SQL Final Lab Prep – Joins, Subqueries,

Aggregates, Views, Procedures

1. Joins
 INNER JOIN: Employees with their department names

SELECT E.name, D.department_name

FROM employees E
INNER JOIN departments D ON E.department_id = D.department_id;

 LEFT JOIN: Employees and their managers (even if no manager assigned)

SELECT E.name AS Employee, M.name AS Manager

FROM employees E
LEFT JOIN employees M ON E.manager_id = M.emp_id;

2. Nested vs Correlated Queries

 Nested: Employees in 'Sales' department

SELECT name FROM employees

WHERE department_id = (
SELECT department_id FROM departments WHERE department_name = 'Sales'
);

 Correlated: Employees earning more than average salary in their department

SELECT E1.name FROM employees E1

WHERE E1.salary > (
SELECT AVG(E2.salary)
FROM employees E2
WHERE E2.department_id = E1.department_id
);

3. Aggregate Functions
 Total number of employees

SELECT COUNT(*) AS total_employees FROM employees;

 Average salary by department

SELECT department_id, AVG(salary) AS avg_salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

 Departments with more than 5 employees

SELECT department_id, COUNT(*) AS count

FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING COUNT(*) > 5;

4. Views
 Create a view of employee and department name

CREATE VIEW emp_dept_view AS

SELECT E.name, D.department_name
FROM employees E
JOIN departments D ON E.department_id = D.department_id;

 Use the view

SELECT * FROM emp_dept_view;

 Drop the view

DROP VIEW emp_dept_view;

5. Stored Procedures
 Show all employees

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE showAllEmployees()
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM employees;
END //
DELIMITER ;

 Call procedure

CALL showAllEmployees();

 Procedure with input parameter

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE getEmployeesByDept(IN deptId INT)
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department_id = deptId;
END //
DELIMITER ;

 Call with parameter

CALL getEmployeesByDept(2);

 Procedure with output parameter

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE countEmployees(OUT total INT)
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO total FROM employees;
END //
DELIMITER ;

 Call and get result

CALL countEmployees(@total);
SELECT @total;

1. Joins – Practice Questions

1. Q1. List all employees along with their department names.

SELECT E.name, D.department_name

FROM employees E
JOIN departments D ON E.department_id = D.department_id;

2. Q2. List all employees and their managers.

SELECT E.name AS Employee, M.name AS Manager

FROM employees E
LEFT JOIN employees M ON E.manager_id = M.emp_id;

3. Q3. List departments and number of employees in each (including those with no
employees).

SELECT D.department_name, COUNT(E.emp_id) AS num_employees

FROM departments D
LEFT JOIN employees E ON D.department_id = E.department_id
GROUP BY D.department_name;

4. Q4. List employees who don’t belong to any department.

SELECT name FROM employees

WHERE department_id IS NULL;
5. Q5. List departments without any employees.

SELECT department_name FROM departments

WHERE department_id NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT department_id FROM employees);

6. Q6. Find employees who share the same manager.

SELECT E1.name AS Employee1, E2.name AS Employee2, E1.manager_id

FROM employees E1
JOIN employees E2 ON E1.manager_id = E2.manager_id
WHERE E1.emp_id != E2.emp_id;

7. Q7. List all employees along with department and manager names.

SELECT E.name, D.department_name, M.name AS Manager

FROM employees E
LEFT JOIN departments D ON E.department_id = D.department_id
LEFT JOIN employees M ON E.manager_id = M.emp_id;

8. Q8. List employee and department info only for employees who have managers.

SELECT E.name, D.department_name, M.name AS Manager

FROM employees E
JOIN departments D ON E.department_id = D.department_id
JOIN employees M ON E.manager_id = M.emp_id;

9. Q9. List employees and their manager IDs, even if no manager assigned.

SELECT name, manager_id FROM employees;

10. Q10. Show department names along with employee names (if any).

SELECT D.department_name, E.name

FROM departments D
LEFT JOIN employees E ON D.department_id = E.department_id;

2. Nested and Correlated Queries – Practice Questions

11. Q1. Find names of employees who work in the 'HR' department.

SELECT name FROM employees

WHERE department_id = (SELECT department_id FROM departments WHERE
department_name = 'HR');

12. Q2. List employees earning more than the average salary.

SELECT name FROM employees

WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees);
13. Q3. Find employees who earn more than the average salary in their department.

SELECT E1.name FROM employees E1

WHERE E1.salary > (SELECT AVG(E2.salary)
FROM employees E2
WHERE E2.department_id = E1.department_id);

14. Q4. List departments where average salary is greater than 50000.

SELECT department_id FROM employees

GROUP BY department_id
HAVING AVG(salary) > 50000;

15. Q5. Find employees in departments with more than 5 employees.

SELECT name FROM employees

WHERE department_id IN (
SELECT department_id FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING COUNT(*) > 5);

16. Q6. Get employee names who work in a department with ID in (1,2).

SELECT name FROM employees WHERE department_id IN (1, 2);

17. Q7. List employees with salary higher than anyone in department 3.

SELECT name FROM employees

WHERE salary > ALL (
SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE department_id = 3);

18. Q8. Find employees who earn the highest salary in their department.

SELECT name FROM employees E1

WHERE salary = (SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees E2
WHERE E2.department_id = E1.department_id);

19. Q9. Get department names with at least one employee having salary > 60000.

SELECT DISTINCT D.department_name

FROM departments D
WHERE D.department_id IN (
SELECT department_id FROM employees WHERE salary > 60000);

20. Q10. Find employee names who work in departments that have 'e' in their name.
SELECT name FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN (
SELECT department_id FROM departments WHERE department_name LIKE '%e%');

3. Aggregate Functions – Practice Questions

21. Q1. Count total number of employees.

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees;

22. Q2. Find the average salary of all employees.

SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees;

23. Q3. Find the highest salary.

SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees;

24. Q4. Find the lowest salary.

SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employees;

25. Q5. Count the number of employees in each department.

SELECT department_id, COUNT(*)

FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

26. Q6. Find the average salary per department.

SELECT department_id, AVG(salary)

FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

27. Q7. Find departments with more than 10 employees.

SELECT department_id, COUNT(*)

FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING COUNT(*) > 10;

28. Q8. Find total salary paid to each department.

SELECT department_id, SUM(salary)

FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

29. Q9. Find the number of managers (distinct manager IDs).

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT manager_id) FROM employees;

30. Q10. List departments with average salary above 60000.

SELECT department_id, AVG(salary) AS avg_salary

FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING AVG(salary) > 60000;

4. Views – Practice Questions

31. Q1. Create a view of employee names and their department names.

CREATE VIEW emp_dept_view AS

SELECT E.name, D.department_name
FROM employees E
JOIN departments D ON E.department_id = D.department_id;

32. Q2. Select all data from the view.

SELECT * FROM emp_dept_view;

33. Q3. Drop the view.

DROP VIEW emp_dept_view;

34. Q4. Create a view with employees earning more than 50000.

CREATE VIEW high_salary_emps AS

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > 50000;

35. Q5. Create a view showing average salary per department.

CREATE VIEW avg_salary_view AS

SELECT department_id, AVG(salary) AS avg_salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

36. Q6. Create a view joining employee and manager names.

CREATE VIEW emp_mgr_view AS

SELECT E.name AS Employee, M.name AS Manager
FROM employees E
LEFT JOIN employees M ON E.manager_id = M.emp_id;

37. Q7. Update an employee’s department via view (if updatable).

UPDATE emp_dept_view SET department_name = 'IT' WHERE name = 'Alice';

38. Q8. Create a view showing employees without managers.

CREATE VIEW no_mgr_view AS
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE manager_id IS NULL;

39. Q9. Use a view in a nested query.

SELECT * FROM emp_dept_view WHERE department_name = 'Sales';

40. Q10. Alter a view to add department ID.

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW emp_dept_view AS

SELECT E.name, D.department_name, E.department_id
FROM employees E
JOIN departments D ON E.department_id = D.department_id;

5. Stored Procedures – Practice Questions

41. Q1. Create a procedure to show all employees.

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE showAllEmployees()
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM employees;
END //
DELIMITER ;

42. Q2. Call the procedure showAllEmployees.

CALL showAllEmployees();

43. Q3. Create a procedure with input parameter (dept ID).

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE getEmployeesByDept(IN deptId INT)
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department_id = deptId;
END //
DELIMITER ;

44. Q4. Call procedure with input parameter.

CALL getEmployeesByDept(3);

45. Q5. Create a procedure to count employees (output parameter).

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE countEmployees(OUT total INT)
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO total FROM employees;
END //
DELIMITER ;

46. Q6. Call procedure with output parameter.

CALL countEmployees(@total);
SELECT @total;

47. Q7. Create a procedure to update employee salary.

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE updateSalary(IN empId INT, IN newSalary DECIMAL(10,2))
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = newSalary WHERE emp_id = empId;
END //
DELIMITER ;

48. Q8. Create procedure to delete employee by ID.

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE deleteEmployee(IN empId INT)
BEGIN
DELETE FROM employees WHERE emp_id = empId;
END //
DELIMITER ;

49. Q9. Create procedure to return all employees in a view.

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE getAllEmpView()
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM emp_dept_view;
END //
DELIMITER ;

50. Q10. Create procedure that returns employees earning above average.

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE highEarners()
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees);
END //
DELIMITER ;