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Java Module 2 Answers Sachin

This document covers the basics of Java programming, focusing on various operators including arithmetic, bitwise, and relational operators, as well as control flow statements such as if statements, switch statements, and iteration statements (loops). It provides definitions, examples, and syntax for each concept, illustrating how they are used in Java programming. Additionally, it discusses jump statements like break, continue, and return, explaining their functionality and use cases.

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3 views10 pages

Java Module 2 Answers Sachin

This document covers the basics of Java programming, focusing on various operators including arithmetic, bitwise, and relational operators, as well as control flow statements such as if statements, switch statements, and iteration statements (loops). It provides definitions, examples, and syntax for each concept, illustrating how they are used in Java programming. Additionally, it discusses jump statements like break, continue, and return, explaining their functionality and use cases.

Uploaded by

sachinsbs1913
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BASICS OF JAVA PROGRAMMING

BPLCK105C
MODULE 2

1.Basic Arithmetic Operators


a) Definition:
Arithmetic operators perform mathematical operations like addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division.
b) Operators and Their Use:

Operator Description Example


+ Addition a + (Adds a and b)
b
- Subtraction a - (Subtracts b from a)
b
* Multiplication a * (Multiplies a and b)
b
/ Division a / (Divides a by b)
b
a % (Remainder when a
b
% Modulus
is divided by b)

Example:
class ArithmeticExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10, b = 5;
System.out.println("Addition: " + (a + b)); // 15
System.out.println("Subtraction: " + (a - b)); // 5
System.out.println("Multiplication: " + (a * b)); // 50
System.out.println("Division: " + (a / b)); // 2
System.out.println("Modulus: " + (a % b)); // 0
}
}

2.Increment, Decrement, and Ternary Operator

a) Increment (++) and Decrement (--)


 Pre-Increment (++a): Increases a before using it.
 Post-Increment (a++): Uses a first, then increases.
b) Ternary Operator (? :)
 A shortcut for if-else conditions.
 Syntax: variable = (condition) ? value1 : value2;
c) Example:
class Operators {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int x = 10;
int y = ++x; // Pre-increment
int z = (x > y) ? x : y; // Ternary operator
System.out.println("y: " + y);
System.out.println("z: " + z);
}
}

3. Bitwise Operators in Java


a) Definition:
Bitwise operators manipulate individual bits of integers and perform operations like AND, OR,
XOR, and shifts.
b) Types of Bitwise Operators:

Operator Description Example


Bitwise AND – Returns 1 if
& a & b
both bits are 1
Bitwise OR – Returns 1 if
` `
any bit is 1
^
Bitwise XOR – Returns 1 if a ^ b
bits are different
~
Bitwise NOT – Inverts all ~a
bits
<<
Left Shift – Moves bits left a << 2
(multiplies by 2)
>>
Right Shift – Moves bits a >> 2
right (divides by 2)
>>>
Unsigned Right Shift – a >>> 2
Shifts right, fills with zeros

c) Example: Bitwise AND, OR, XOR

class BitwiseExample {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 5, b = 3; // Binary: 5 = 0101, 3 = 0011
System.out.println("a & b = " + (a & b)); // AND (0001 = 1)
System.out.println("a | b = " + (a | b)); // OR (0111 = 7)
System.out.println("a ^ b = " + (a ^ b)); // XOR (0110 = 6)
}
}

Output:
a&b=1
a|b=7
a^b=6
d) Example: Bitwise Shift Operators
class ShiftExample {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int x = 8; // Binary: 1000
System.out.println("x << 1 = " + (x << 1)); // Left shift (10000
= 16)
System.out.println("x >> 1 = " + (x >> 1)); // Right shift (0100
= 4)
}
}

Output:

x << 1 = 16
x >> 1 = 4

e) Explanation:
Bitwise operators perform operations on binary digits instead of
whole numbers.
Left shift (<<) multiplies by 2, while right shift (>>) divides by 2.
Bitwise NOT (~) inverts all bits, flipping 1 to 0 and vice versa.

4.Relational Operators

a) Definition:
Relational operators compare two values and return true or false.
b) Operators and Their Use:

Operator Description Example


== Equal to a==b
!= Not equal to a!=b
> Gretter than a>b
< Less than a<b
>= Gretter than or equal a>=b
to
<= Less than or equal to a<=b
c) Example:
class RelationalExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int x = 10, y = 5;
System.out.println("x > y: " + (x > y));
}
}

5.Types of if Statements in Java


a) Definition:
The if statement is a control flow statement used to execute a block
of code only if a specified condition is true.
b) Types of if Statements:
1. Simple if Statement – Executes a block of code if the
condition is true.
o Syntax:
if (condition) {
// Code executes if condition is true
}
Example:
int x = 10;
if (x > 5) {
System.out.println("x is greater than 5");
}

2. if-else Statement – Executes one block if true, another if


false.
Syntax:
if (condition) {
// Executes if true
} else {
// Executes if false
}
Example:
int num = 10;
if (num % 2 == 0) {
System.out.println("Even Number");
} else {
System.out.println("Odd Number");
}
3. Nested if Statement – An if statement inside another if
statement.
Syntax:
if (condition1) {
if (condition2) {
// Executes if both conditions are true
}
}
Example:
int age = 20;
if (age > 18) {
if (age < 60) {
System.out.println("Eligible for work");
}
}

6.Switch Statement in Java

a) Definition:
The switch statement is a multi-way branch statement that allows a
variable to be tested for equality against multiple values, making it
an alternative to long if-else-if chains.
b) Syntax:

switch (expression) {
case value1:
// Statements
break;
case value2:
// Statements
break;
default:
// Default case if no match found
}

c) Example: Basic switch Statement

class SwitchExample {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int day = 3;
switch (day) {
case 1:
System.out.println("Monday");
break;
case 2:
System.out.println("Tuesday");
break;
case 3:
System.out.println("Wednesday");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Invalid Day");
}
}
}

Output:
Wednesday

7.Iteration Statements in Java

Iteration statements (loops) allow a block of code to execute


repeatedly until a condition is met

1. while Loop
Definition:
Executes a block as long as the condition is true.
Syntax & Example:
int i = 5;
while (i > 0) {
System.out.println("Countdown: " + i);
i--;
}

Output:
Countdown: 5
Countdown: 4
Countdown: 3
Countdown: 2
Countdown: 1

2. do-while Loop
Definition:
Executes the block at least once, even if the condition is false.
Syntax & Example:
int i = 5;
do {
System.out.println("Number: " + i);
i--;
} while (i > 0);

Output:
Number: 5
Number: 4
Number: 3
Number: 2
Number: 1

3. for Loop
Definition:
Executes a block a fixed number of times.
Syntax & Example:
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
System.out.println("Iteration: " + i);
}
Output:
Iteration: 1
Iteration: 2
Iteration: 3
Iteration: 4
Iteration: 5

8.Break , Continue & Return Statements in Java OR


Jump statements in java

1. break Statement
Definition:
The break statement immediately exits a loop or a switch
statement, transferring control to the next statement outside the
loop.
Syntax & Example:
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 5) break; // Exits loop when i is 5
System.out.println(i);
}

Output :
0
1
2
3
4

Key Points:
✅ Used to exit for, while, do-while, and switch statements.
✅ Stops execution of the loop immediately when a condition
is met.
✅ Can be labeled to break out of nested loops.

2. continue Statement
Definition:
The continue statement skips the current iteration of a loop and
moves to the next iteration.
Syntax & Example:
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
if (i == 2) continue; // Skips iteration when i is 2
System.out.println(i);
}

Output:
0
1
3
4

Key Points:
✅ Used to skip specific iterations of a loop.
✅ Moves control directly to the next iteration.
✅ Can be labelled to continue an outer loop in nested
structures.

3. return Statement
Definition:
The return statement exits from a method and optionally returns a
value to the calling method.
Syntax & Example:
class ReturnExample {
static int sum(int a, int b) {
return a + b; // Returns sum to caller
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
int result = sum(10, 5);
System.out.println("Sum: " + result);
}
}

Output:
Sum: 15

Use Cases:
✅ Exiting a method when a certain condition is met.
✅ Returning values from methods.
✅ Used in recursion for returning computed results.
SACHIN (1ST SEM)
DATA SCIENCE
ACET

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