MySQL

JOINS
Cheat Sheet
 INNER JOIN
Returns only the rows where there is a match in both tables based on the specified condition.
 Removes unmatched rows.
 Most commonly used JOIN.

Syntax:

SELECT X.column1, Y.column2 FROM TableA X INNER JOIN TableB Y ON X.id = Y.id;

Orders Table:

Order_ID Customer_ID Product Quantity

101 C001 Laptop 1
102 C002 Tablet 2
103 C003 Monitor 1
104 C004 Keyboard 3
105 C005 Headphones 1

Customer Table:

Customer_ID Customer_Name City Tier

C001 John Smith New York Gold
C002 Alice Green Chicago Silver
C003 Raj Kapoor Mumbai Gold
C004 Sara Khan Dubai Bronze
C006 David Miller Paris Silver

Query: SELECT O.OrderID, O.Product, C.CustomerName, C.City FROM Orders O INNER JOIN
Customers C ON O.CustomerID = C.CustomerID;
Expected Output:

Order_ID Product Customer_Name City

101 Laptop John Smith New York

102 Tablet Alice Green Chicago

103 Monitor Raj Kapoor Mumbai

104 Keyboard Sara Khan Dubai

 LEFT JOIN
Returns all rows from the left table, and matched rows from the right table. If no match exists, NULLs
are returned from the right side.
 Keeps all data from the left table
 Fills unmatched right-side columns with NULL

Syntax:

SELECT X.column1, Y.column2 FROM TableA X LEFT JOIN TableB Y ON X.id = Y.id;

Orders Table:

Order_ID Customer_ID Product Quantity

101 C001 Laptop 1
102 C002 Tablet 2
103 C003 Monitor 1
104 C004 Keyboard 3
105 C005 Headphones 1

Customer Table:

Customer_ID Customer_Name City Tier

C001 John Smith New York Gold
C002 Alice Green Chicago Silver
C003 Raj Kapoor Mumbai Gold
C004 Sara Khan Dubai Bronze
C006 David Miller Paris Silver

Query: SELECT C.CustomerName, C.City, O.Product, O.Quantity FROM Customers C LEFT JOIN
Orders O ON C.CustomerID = O.CustomerID;
Expected Output:

Customer_Name City Product Quantity

John Smith New York Laptop 1

Alice Green Chicago Tablet 2

Raj Kapoor Mumbai Monitor 1

Sara Khan Dubai Keyboard 3

David Miller Paris Null Null

 RIGHT JOIN
Returns all rows from the right table, and matched rows from the left table. If no match exists,
NULLs are returned from the left side.
 Keeps all data from the right table.
 Fills unmatched left-side columns with NULL

Syntax:
SELECT X.column1, Y.column2 FROM TableA X RIGHT JOIN TableB Y ON X.id = Y.id;

Orders Table:

Order_ID Customer_ID Product Quantity

101 C001 Laptop 1
102 C002 Tablet 2
103 C003 Monitor 1
104 C004 Keyboard 3
105 C005 Headphones 1

Customer Table:

Customer_ID Customer_Name City Tier

C001 John Smith New York Gold
C002 Alice Green Chicago Silver
C003 Raj Kapoor Mumbai Gold
C004 Sara Khan Dubai Bronze
C006 David Miller Paris Silver

Query: SELECT O.OrderID, O.Product, C.CustomerName, C.City FROM Customers C RIGHT JOIN
Orders O ON C.CustomerID = O.CustomerID;
Expected Output:

Order_ID Product Customer_Name City

101 Laptop John Smith New York

102 Tablet Alice Green Chicago

103 Monitor Raj Kapoor Mumbai

104 Keyboard Sara Khan Dubai

105 Headphones Null Null

 FULL OUTER JOIN
Returns all rows from both tables, with matched rows where possible. If there's no match, the
missing side is filled with NULL.
 Combines LEFT + RIGHT JOIN behavior
 Shows everything: matched + unmatched from both sides

Syntax:

SELECT X.column1, Y.column2 FROM TableA X FULL OUTER JOIN TableB Y ON X.id = Y.id;

Orders Table:

Order_ID Customer_ID Product Quantity

101 C001 Laptop 1
102 C002 Tablet 2
103 C003 Monitor 1
105 C005 Headphones 1

Customer Table:

Customer_ID Customer_Name City Tier

C001 John Smith New York Gold
C002 Alice Green Chicago Silver
C003 Raj Kapoor Mumbai Gold
C006 David Miller Paris Silver

Query: SELECT C.CustomerName, C.City, O.Product, O.QuantityFROM Customers C FULL OUTER

JOIN Orders O ON C.CustomerID = O.CustomerID;
Expected Output:

Customer_Name City Product Quantity

John Smith New York Laptop 1

Alice Green Chicago Tablet 2

Raj Kapoor Mumbai Monitor 1

David Miller Dubai Null Null

Null Null Headphones 1

 CROSS JOIN
Returns the Cartesian product of the two tables – every row of the first table is paired with
every row of the second table.
 No ON clause is used.
 Can produce large result sets.
 Often used for generating combination.

Syntax:
SELECT X.column1, Y.column2 FROM TableA X CROSS JOIN TableB Y;

Employees Table:

EMP_ID Employee_Name
E01 Alice
E02 Sam
E03 Riya

Project Table:

Project_ID Project_Name
P1 Alpha
P2 Beta

Query: SELECT E.EmployeeName, P.ProjectName FROM Employees E CROSS JOIN Projects P;

Expected Output:
Employee_Name Project_Name

Alice Alpha

Alice Beta

Sam Alpha

Sam Beta

Riya Alpha

Riya Beta