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Lab 4

The document outlines a frequency analysis using the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) with two cases of signal lengths (N=40 and N=32) and two frequency components (500 Hz and 1000 Hz). It includes the generation of time-domain signals, computation of their DFTs, and visualization of both the time-domain signals and their magnitude spectra. Additionally, it demonstrates the application of a Hann window on signals and analyzes the effect of different window lengths on the frequency spectrum.

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Ikhtiar Uddin Mahmud
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2 views4 pages

Lab 4

The document outlines a frequency analysis using the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) with two cases of signal lengths (N=40 and N=32) and two frequency components (500 Hz and 1000 Hz). It includes the generation of time-domain signals, computation of their DFTs, and visualization of both the time-domain signals and their magnitude spectra. Additionally, it demonstrates the application of a Hann window on signals and analyzes the effect of different window lengths on the frequency spectrum.

Uploaded by

Ikhtiar Uddin Mahmud
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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% Frequency Analysis using the DFT

clc; clear; close all;

% Define parameters
fs = 8000; % Sampling frequency in Hz
N1 = 40; % Case 1: Signal length = 40
N2 = 32; % Case 2: Signal length = 32
f1 = 500; % First frequency component in Hz
f2 = 1000; % Second frequency component in Hz

% Generate time vectors


t1 = (0:N1-1) / fs;
t2 = (0:N2-1) / fs;

% Generate signals
x1 = sin(2 * pi * f1 * t1) + 0.05 * sin(2 * pi * f2 * t1); % Case 1: N=40
x2 = sin(2 * pi * f1 * t2) + 0.05 * sin(2 * pi * f2 * t2); % Case 2: N=32

% Compute DFTs
X1 = fft(x1, N1);
X2 = fft(x2, N2);

% Frequency axes
f1_axis = (-N1/2:N1/2-1) * (fs/N1);
f2_axis = (-N2/2:N2/2-1) * (fs/N2);

% Plot Case 1: Time-Domain Signal (N=40)


figure;
stem(t1, x1, 'r');
xlabel('Time (seconds)');
ylabel('x[n]');
title('Time-Domain Signal (N=40)');
grid on;

% Plot Case 1: Magnitude Spectrum (N=40)


figure;
stem(f1_axis, abs(fftshift(X1)), 'b');
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
ylabel('|X(f)|');
title('Magnitude Spectrum (N=40)');
grid on;

% Plot Case 2: Time-Domain Signal (N=32)


figure;
stem(t2, x2, 'r');
xlabel('Time (seconds)');
ylabel('x[n]');
title('Time-Domain Signal (N=32)');
grid on;

% Plot Case 2: Magnitude Spectrum (N=32)


figure;
stem(f2_axis, abs(fftshift(X2)), 'b');
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
ylabel('|X(f)|');
title('Magnitude Spectrum (N=32)');
grid on;
% Frequency Analysis using the DFT
clc; clear; close all;

% Define parameters
fs = 8000; % Sampling frequency in Hz
N1 = 40; % Case 1: Signal length = 40
N2 = 32; % Case 2: Signal length = 32
f1 = 500; % First frequency component in Hz
f2 = 1000; % Second frequency component in Hz

% Generate time vectors


t1 = (0:N1-1) / fs;
t2 = (0:N2-1) / fs;

% Generate signals
x1 = sin(2 * pi * f1 * t1) + 0.05 * sin(2 * pi * f2 * t1); % Case 1: N=40
x2 = sin(2 * pi * f1 * t2) + 0.05 * sin(2 * pi * f2 * t2); % Case 2: N=32

% Compute DFTs
X1 = fft(x1, N1);
X2 = fft(x2, N2);

% Frequency axes
f1_axis = (-N1/2:N1/2-1) * (fs/N1);
f2_axis = (-N2/2:N2/2-1) * (fs/N2);

% Plot Case 1: Time-Domain Signal (N=40)


figure;
stem(t1, x1, 'r');
xlabel('Time (seconds)');
ylabel('x[n]');
title('Time-Domain Signal (N=40)');
grid on;

% Plot Case 1: Magnitude Spectrum (N=40)


figure;
stem(f1_axis, abs(fftshift(X1)), 'b');
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
ylabel('|X(f)|');
title('Magnitude Spectrum (N=40)');
grid on;

% Plot Case 2: Time-Domain Signal (N=32)


figure;
stem(t2, x2, 'r');
xlabel('Time (seconds)');
ylabel('x[n]');
title('Time-Domain Signal (N=32)');
grid on;
% Plot Case 2: Magnitude Spectrum (N=32)
figure;
stem(f2_axis, abs(fftshift(X2)), 'b');
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
ylabel('|X(f)|');
title('Magnitude Spectrum (N=32)');
grid on;

% Apply Hann window


hann_window = hann(N)';
x_win = x .* hann_window;

% Compute DFT with windowing


X_win = fft(x_win);

% Plot windowed time-domain signal


figure;
stem(t * 1e6, x_win, 'g'); % Time in microseconds
xlabel('Time (\mus)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Time-Domain Signal with Hann Window');
grid on;

% Plot magnitude spectrum with windowing


figure;
stem(f_axis, abs(fftshift(X_win)), 'm');
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
ylabel('|X(f)|');
title('Magnitude Spectrum (With Hann Window)');
grid on;
% Define three closely spaced frequencies
w0 = 0.2 * pi;
w1 = 0.22 * pi;
w2 = 0.6 * pi;

% Generate signal with different window lengths


L_values = [25, 50, 100];

for i = 1:length(L_values)
L = L_values(i);
n = 0:L-1; % Time index
x_signal = cos(w0*n) + cos(w1*n) + cos(w2*n);

% Apply Hann window


win = hann(L)';
x_win = x_signal .* win;

% Compute DFT
X_spectrum = fft(x_win, 256); % Zero-padding to 256 points
f_axis = (-128:127) * (fs/256); % Adjust frequency axis

% Plot spectrum for different L values


figure;
stem(f_axis, abs(fftshift(X_spectrum)), 'k');
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
ylabel('|X(f)|');
title(['Magnitude Spectrum (L = ', num2str(L), ')']);
grid on;
end

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