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Data Science
Solutions on
Azure
Tools and Techniques Using Databricks
and MLOps
—
Julian Soh
Priyanshi Singh
 Data Science
Solutions on Azure
Tools and Techniques Using
Databricks and MLOps

Julian Soh
Priyanshi Singh
Data Science Solutions on Azure: Tools and Techniques Using
Databricks and MLOps
Julian Soh Priyanshi Singh
Olympia, WA, USA New Jersey, NJ, USA

ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-6404-1 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-6405-8

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6405-8

Copyright © 2020 by Julian Soh and Priyanshi Singh

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or
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 Thank you to my parents, Sudha Singh and
Omveer Singh, for their undying love and limitless
sacrifices to give me the best opportunities in life
and helping me live my dreams. Thank you to
Daniel Fay, my fiancé, for always empowering me
and helping me become the best version of myself.
Special thanks to my friend/coauthor/mentor
Julian Soh, who inspired me to write my first book
and provided great guidance and insights. It’s a
beautiful journey to see yourself becoming an
author, and I would like to dedicate this book to
those who stay curious and hungry for knowledge.
—Priyanshi
Thank you to my family – Priscilla, Jasmine, and
Makayla – for their continued support and all the
great people I have had the honor to learn from,
especially my coauthor and colleague, Priya. I also
dedicate this book to those using technology to
make the world a better place.
—Julian
Table of Contents
About the Authors��������������������������������������������������������������������������������ix
About the Technical Reviewers�����������������������������������������������������������xi
Acknowledgments�����������������������������������������������������������������������������xiii

Chapter 1: Data Science in the Modern Enterprise�������������������������������1

Mindset of the modern enterprise������������������������������������������������������������������������2
Commercial entities����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2
Government entities����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3
Consumer and personal����������������������������������������������������������������������������������3
Ethics in data science�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4
Science fiction and reality – a social convergence�����������������������������������������4
Azure Machine Learning���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8
Azure Machine Learning��������������������������������������������������������������������������������10
Machine Learning Studio (classic)����������������������������������������������������������������10
Azure Databricks (Chapters 6 and 7)������������������������������������������������������������������10
Use cases for Azure Databricks���������������������������������������������������������������������11
Summary������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������13

Chapter 2: Statistical Techniques and Concepts in Data Science�������15

The fundamentals�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������16
Inputs and outputs�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������16
Lab setup������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������17
Hands-on exercise: Understanding inputs, outputs, and simple modeling���18
Prediction and inference�������������������������������������������������������������������������������22

v
Table of Contents

Machine learning������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������26
Deriving f through machine learning������������������������������������������������������������26
Types of machine learning����������������������������������������������������������������������������32
Supervised learning��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������32
Unsupervised learning�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������52
Causation and correlation�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������61
Use case: Problem diagnosis�������������������������������������������������������������������������62
Experiment design�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������62
Summary������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������63

Chapter 3: Data Preparation and Data Engineering Basics����������������65

What is data preparation?�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������66
The challenge of data preparation����������������������������������������������������������������������67
Modern data pipeline������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������68
Data ingestion – Sources������������������������������������������������������������������������������69
Transformation����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������70
Azure Blob Storage���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������70
Hands-on: Deploying Azure Blob Storage������������������������������������������������������73
Hands-on: Using Azure Blob Storage�������������������������������������������������������������77
Next steps: Azure Blob Storage���������������������������������������������������������������������81
Azure Data Lake Store (ADLS)�����������������������������������������������������������������������������82
Data orchestration����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������83
Azure Data Factory (ADF)������������������������������������������������������������������������������84
Summary����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������115

vi
 Table of Contents

Chapter 4: Introduction to Azure Machine Learning�������������������������117

Machine learning primer�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������117
Why machine learning on cloud?����������������������������������������������������������������118
Microsoft Azure Machine Learning�������������������������������������������������������������������120
Azure Machine Learning workspace�����������������������������������������������������������125
Azure Machine Learning workflow�������������������������������������������������������������������125
Azure Machine Learning Datastores and Datasets��������������������������������������127
Azure Machine Learning compute and development environments�����������130
Azure Machine Learning compute instance������������������������������������������������131
Azure Machine Learning compute target����������������������������������������������������133
Azure Machine Learning inference clusters������������������������������������������������136
Azure Machine Learning attached compute������������������������������������������������138
Azure Machine Learning experiments���������������������������������������������������������139
Azure Machine Learning pipelines��������������������������������������������������������������141
Azure Machine Learning designer pipelines�����������������������������������������������143
Azure Machine Learning models and endpoints�����������������������������������������146
Summary����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������148

Chapter 5: Hands-on with Azure Machine Learning�������������������������149

Lab setup����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������149
Getting started with JupyterLab�����������������������������������������������������������������������153
Prerequisite setup���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������155
Training on remote cluster��������������������������������������������������������������������������������164
Deploying your model as web service��������������������������������������������������������������174
Automated Machine Learning (AutoML)������������������������������������������������������������181
AutoML studio web�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������182
AutoML Python SDK������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������192
Summary����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������199

vii
Table of Contents

Chapter 6: Apache Spark, Big Data, and Azure Databricks��������������201

Big Data������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������202
Example of Big Data based on size�������������������������������������������������������������203
Example of Big Data based on number of rows������������������������������������������203
Example of Big Data based on velocity�������������������������������������������������������205
Other challenges of Big Data – data trends�������������������������������������������������206
Compute������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������207
Apache Spark and Hadoop��������������������������������������������������������������������������������208
Apache Spark����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������210
Databricks���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������212
Azure Databricks�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������213
Azure Databricks for data engineers�����������������������������������������������������������216
Azure Databricks for data scientists������������������������������������������������������������220
Summary����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������223

Chapter 7: Hands-on with Azure Databricks������������������������������������225

Deploying Azure Databricks������������������������������������������������������������������������������225
Exploring Azure Databricks�������������������������������������������������������������������������������227
Create Spark compute cluster���������������������������������������������������������������������228
Customizing clusters�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������232
Connecting to clusters���������������������������������������������������������������������������������235
Databricks notebooks����������������������������������������������������������������������������������243
Summary����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������257

Chapter 8: Machine Learning Operations�����������������������������������������259

Introducing MLOps��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������259
Capabilities of MLOps����������������������������������������������������������������������������������260
Summary����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������279

Index�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������281

viii
About the Authors
Julian Soh is a Cloud Solutions Architect with
Microsoft, focusing in the areas of artificial
intelligence, cognitive services, and advanced
analytics. Prior to his current role, Julian
worked extensively in major public cloud
initiatives, such as SaaS (Microsoft Office
365), IaaS/PaaS (Microsoft Azure), and hybrid
private-public cloud implementations.

Priyanshi Singh is a data scientist by training

and a data enthusiast by nature, specializing
in machine learning techniques applied to
predictive analytics, computer vision, and
natural language processing. She holds
a master’s degree in Data Science from
New York University and is currently a Cloud
Solutions Architect at Microsoft helping the
public sector to transform citizen services
with artificial intelligence. She also leads a
meetup community based out of New York to
help educate public sector employees via hands-on labs and discussions.
Apart from her passion for learning new technologies and innovating with
AI, she is a sports enthusiast, a great badminton player, and enjoys playing
billiards. Find her on LinkedIn at ­www.linkedin.com/in/priyanshi-
singh5/.

ix
About the Technical Reviewers
David Gollob has over 35 years of experience
working in database and analytics systems.
After receiving his degree in Math and
Computer Science at the University of Denver,
Dave worked as a principal consultant for
numerous Fortune 100 companies, helping
them to develop enterprise business solutions,
highly scalable OLTP systems, and data
warehouse and analytics systems. Dave’s
vendor tour started with Sybase, where he
participated in two patents for his work at
TCI Corporation focused on billing and distributed systems design. At
Sybase, Dave also spent 1.5 years in Switzerland as the Principal Architect.
In 1996, Dave joined Microsoft, where he remains today. Dave’s work at
Microsoft includes both his delivery as a Principal Consultant as well as
Managing Consultant where he founded the Microsoft Telecom Practice.
Dave has presented and participated in numerous industry events, panel
discussions, Microsoft technical events, and product review and feedback
cycles. Today, Dave travels the western states visiting state and local
government customers, assisting with data, advanced analytics, and AI
architecture planning and solutions design. Dave enjoys his time with his
family as well as mountain biking, skiing, hiking, and fishing in Colorado.

xi
About the Technical Reviewers

Bhadresh Shiyal is an Azure Data Architect

and Azure Data Engineer and, for the past
7+ years, he is working with a big IT MNC
as a Solutions Architect. He has 18+ years
of IT experience, out of which for 2 years he
worked on an international assignment from
London. He has rich experience in application
design, development, and deployment. He
has worked on various technologies, which
include Visual Basic, SQL Server, SharePoint
technologies, .NET MVC, O365, Azure Data Factory, Azure Databricks ,
Azure Synapse Analytics, Azure Data Lake Storage Gen1/Gen2, Azure SQL
Data Warehouse, Power BI, Spark SQL, Scala, Delta Lake, Azure Machine
Learning, Azure Information Protection, Azure .NET SDK, Azure DevOps,
and so on.
He holds multiple Azure certifications that include Microsoft Certified
Azure Solutions Architect Expert, Microsoft Certified Azure Data Engineer
Associate, Microsoft Certified Azure Data Scientist Associate, and
Microsoft Certified Azure Data Analyst Associate.

xii
Acknowledgments
Special thanks to David Gollob for providing valuable feedback and being
a great colleague. Thank you to Bhadresh Shiyal for providing insightful
comments and being a great technical resource to help refine this book.
Thanks to Shrikant Vishwakarma and the Apress team for continued
partnership and support to this publication.

xiii
CHAPTER 1

Data Science
in the Modern
Enterprise
Data science is the hottest trend in IT, and it is not showing signs of cooling
down anytime soon. It is often used as a catchall phrase for all latest
innovation, such as machine learning (ML), artificial intelligence (AI), and
Internet of Things (IoT). This is not an inaccurate representation since
data science is after all the foundation for ML, AI, and IoT.
Data science is also responsible for creating new processes and
methodologies that impact how businesses should be operated today. As
a result, data science has led to the spawning of initiatives such as digital
transformation and data-driven decision making. Such initiatives change
the way organizations solve problems, budget their IT investments, and
change the way they interact with customers and citizens.
However, the true definition of data science is that it is a field of study
that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms, and software to extract
knowledge and insights from any type of data (structured, unstructured, or
semi-structured). Data science is a combination of statistics and computer
science applied to relevant domain knowledge of data in order to predict
outcomes. And as the saying goes, the enterprise that can most accurately
predict the outcomes will have the utmost advantage over its competitors.

© Julian Soh and Priyanshi Singh 2020 1

J. Soh and P. Singh, Data Science Solutions on Azure,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6405-8_1
Chapter 1 Data Science in the Modern Enterprise

Mindset of the modern enterprise

The modern enterprise is one that can quickly respond to the changing
environment. Any organization that has an initiative to leverage the use
of data it owns and expand on the (ethical) collection of data it does not
have, but would be valuable, is considered a modern enterprise. Most
organizations recognize that this is an important transformation they
must undertake. The digital transformation we are seeing today involves
organizations making data the center of their decision-making processes.
It is useful to evaluate the maturity of an organization as it relates
to data. If an organization is spending most of its resources addressing
tactical issues instead of being strategic, then the organization is lower on
the data maturity model.

C
 ommercial entities
Commercial entities are the earliest adopters of data science. For
example, retail and customer data allow commercial entities to mine
the information to improve sales. Customer sentiment, taste, and even
political and social media data can be used as enriching features to help
drive sales strategies.
Using manufacturing as another example, data science is used to
optimize manufacturing processes by identifying anomalies and defects,
thereby reducing or eliminating factors leading to manufacturing defects.
In healthcare, data science is being used to study cell behavior and
diseases to develop cures. During the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers1
also used data science to analyze social media data in order to identify
symptoms in patients, which would enable medical professionals to better
diagnose patients who may have the virus.

1
Reference: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-08-social-media-covid-
long-haulers.html

2
 Chapter 1 Data Science in the Modern Enterprise

G
 overnment entities
Even though public sector entities are traditionally more conservative and
will generally lag the commercial sector in adopting modern technologies,
data science is one area where the gap is much narrower, at least in the
United States and most developed countries.
This is because government organizations traditionally collect a lot of
data, and the data is extremely diverse in nature. Different departments in
every state have information of its citizens through all the services the state
provides. Multiply that by 50 states plus the information collected by the
federal government, that is a lot of data to mine and a lot of knowledge and
insight that can be gleaned through data science.

C
 onsumer and personal
The consumer sector is probably the most prolific when it comes to data
growth, thanks to IoT devices associated with connected homes, wearable
technology, and social media. All these technologies fall under the
umbrella of Big Data, which we will discuss in detail in Chapter 6. For now,
we just want you to appreciate the vast source of rich data that is being
collected on a daily basis that is growing at an exponential rate.
One important aspect to also recognize is the blurring of the lines
between all the different domains mentioned earlier. For example, with
the use of personal assistants (e.g., Siri and Alexa), information and data
from each domain are now more blended than ever as we rely on personal
assistants to carry out tasks.

3
Chapter 1 Data Science in the Modern Enterprise

Ethics in data science

As seen, data proliferation is occurring in every aspect of our lives – at
work, where we shop, what we buy, how we interact with others, our
political and social views, our governments, and our homes.
This type of digital revolution happens only once in a while, the last
being equivalent to the birth of the Internet, and the birth of personal
computing before that. As such, new social and ethical challenges arise,
and we must acknowledge and address them accordingly.
Ethics in data science is more commonly known as ethical AI. But
before we look at ethical AI, let us first see how some things that were once
considered science fiction are no longer fiction. We can get an idea on the
ethical challenges based on story lines in science fiction.

 cience fiction and reality – a social conver-

S
gence
Hollywood science fiction movies have played their part in introducing
intriguing effects of AI on society in movies like AI Artificial Intelligence
(2001) and Minority Report (2002).
Both movies touch on extreme themes. In AI Artificial Intelligence,
audiences are left to ponder whether an artificial life form is worthy of the
same protections as humans when an artificial child is built to possess
emotions. In Minority Report, predictions made by AI are enforceable
before the actual crime is committed.
As AI makes robots and digital assistants more human, the line
between fiction and reality is indeed getting blurred. For example,
contributing to Japan’s issue of aging population is the generation of

4
 Chapter 1 Data Science in the Modern Enterprise

otakus,2 men who are in relationships with virtual girlfriends – a concept

highly promoted in the anime culture and gaming.
Machine learning, a subset of AI, uses algorithms to build
mathematical models based on sample data for training and learning, with
the goal of making the most accurate predictions and decisions possible.
How confident are we with machine-based decisions? Look around you at
the Teslas, IoT devices, and smart homes. The US Navy and Boeing have
a highly classified program (code-named CLAWS) to develop AI-powered
Orca class fully autonomous submarines that are outfitted with torpedoes,
meaning these submarines may be able to make the decision to kill
indiscriminately. The obvious ethical question: Should a machine be able
to kill without human intervention? The increase in concern regarding
the need, or potentially lack thereof, of human intervention in AI decision
making has led to the alternative and growing popularity of not calling the
acronym AI Artificial Intelligence, but rather Augmented Intelligence.

Note Another sign of the times is the explosion of fake news.

Advancements in AI and machine learning are making it easier to
create extremely convincing fake videos, known as deepfake. Experts
fear that deepfake videos will create an even larger trust issue in
journalism and these videos are also being employed in politics.

2
I n 2012, a 35-year-old otaku, who is a school administrator, married his virtual
girlfriend named Hatsune Miku. www.techspot.com/news/77385-japanese-man-
marries-anime-hologram-hatsune-miku.html

5
Chapter 1 Data Science in the Modern Enterprise

What is ethical AI?

Ethical AI is a study and governance surrounding the use of AI
technologies in a way that does not violate human rights and endanger
lives. We are not exactly at the point of having to address the rights of
robots, so that part is still the domain of science fiction.
The impact of AI on life is so important, and as we rapidly meet and
surpass human parity in many areas, religious organizations have played
a leading role to proactively address this issue. In February 2020, the
Vatican in Rome released a guideline for ethical AI, called “Rome Call for
AI Ethics3,” to which Microsoft is one of the first to sign. Listen to Microsoft
President Brad Smith’s speech at https://romecall.org/.
There are many discussions and representations of what ethical AI
means, but the three principles in Rome Call for AI Ethics very succinctly
summarize the core concepts – ethics, education, and rights.
Other organizations involved in the design and development of AI are
also incorporating the important aspect of ethics. DeepMind is another
example of an organization that is not only comprised of scientists,
engineers, and researchers in the field of AI but also brings together
philosophers and policy experts to form truly interdisciplinary teams to
address the broad impact that AI has on society. It is indisputable that
there is a need for accountability for the development and use of AI,
perhaps more so than any emerging technology in recent history. With
backing from large corporations like Google, organizations like DeepMind
provides a forum to engage citizens, governments, and corporations
to agree on fundamental concepts involving ethics. Find out more at
https://deepmind.com/about/ethics-and-society.

3
h ttps://github.com/harris-soh-copeland-puca/docs/blob/master/AI%20
Rome%20Call%20x%20firma_DEF_DEF_.pdf

6
 Chapter 1 Data Science in the Modern Enterprise

Note “AI-based technology must never be used to exploit people

in any way, especially those who are most vulnerable. Instead, it
must be used to help people develop their abilities (empowerment/
enablement) and to support the planet.”
—The Vatican

Microsoft AI principles
Microsoft has a site dedicated to the company’s AI principles at www.
microsoft.com/en-us/ai/responsible-ai and is a leader in the charge to
ensure ethics are deeply engrained in the development of AI technologies.
The most important aspect of Microsoft’s AI principles is that it applies
to AI at scale since the technology is built into every service and shared
across its entire portfolio. For example, threat patterns gleaned by AI
in the Xbox service are shared across other services like Office 365,
Azure, and Dynamics in order to better protect the entire cloud services
portfolio. Even though Microsoft has an Office of Responsible AI tasked
with putting the company’s principles into practice, common ethical AI
design principles are followed across all groups in the organization, from
engineering to marketing.

Note “An important hallmark of our approach to responsible AI is

having [the] ecosystem to operationalize responsible AI across the
company, rather than a single organization or individual leading this
work.”
—Microsoft

7
Chapter 1 Data Science in the Modern Enterprise

Microsoft’s AI principles revolve around the six key concepts:

• Fairness: AI systems must treat all people fairly and

with no bias to age, culture, gender, or national origin.

• Inclusiveness: AI systems must engage and empower

everyone, with no bias to age, culture, gender, or
national origin.

• Reliability and safety: AI systems should perform

reliably and safely.

• Transparency: AI systems should be understandable.

• Privacy and security: AI systems should be secure and

protect and respect privacy.

• Accountability: People should be accountable for AI

systems.

We dedicated a generous amount of time discussing ethical AI because

it is a very important one as the technology evolves. For the rest of this
chapter, we will introduce the different AI technologies from Microsoft
and look at some use cases. However, where applicable, we will bring up
specific ethical and legal considerations as it relates to the services.

Azure Machine Learning

Machine learning is a subset of AI and is the other topic we will cover in
detail in Chapters 4 and 5. The advancement in all the cognitive services
mentioned in the previous section is based on machine learning and the
vast amount of training data that are available.
Machine learning is used to train models to not only recognize or
detect but also to predict outcomes and thus help drive decision making.
Machine learning is fundamentally based on data science and statistical

8
 Chapter 1 Data Science in the Modern Enterprise

methods. The amount of data and statistical methods often requires a lot
of memory and compute, which is an ideal fit for Azure.
In this section, we will cover the options available in Azure that help
data scientists and researchers do their jobs. There are primarily two
options – the initial implementation known as Azure Machine Learning
Studio (classic) and the more recently released Azure Machine Learning.
Figure 1-1 summarizes the differences between the two offerings.

Figure 1-1. Comparing Azure Machine Learning and Azure Machine

Learning Studio (classic). Source = https://docs.microsoft.com/
en-us/azure/machine-learning/overview-what-is-machine-
learning-studio

9
Chapter 1 Data Science in the Modern Enterprise

Azure Machine Learning

Azure Machine Learning is a cloud-based environment for data scientists
to train, deploy, automate, manage, and track ML models. It is often used
in conjunction with cloud storage such as Azure Blob Storage and Azure
Data Lake Storage because of the potentially large amount of data being
used in the ML process.
Azure Machine Learning supports all the tools and languages used
by data scientists, such as R, Python, and Scala. It also has tools such as
Jupyter notebooks and supports open source add-ons such as PyTorch,
TensorFlow, scikit-learn, and YOLO. It comes with a web interface called
the Azure Machine Learning designer.
Azure Machine Learning supports classical ML, deep learning, as well
as supervised and unsupervised learning. Azure Machine Learning also
integrates with other Azure services, such as Azure DevOps, to help secure
the data scientists’ work through source control.

Machine Learning Studio (classic)

Azure Machine Learning Studio (classic) is the initial implementation
and ML offering in Azure. It is still available and should not be confused
with Azure Machine Learning. See the differences in Figure 1-1 again.
Download the Azure Machine Learning Studio (classic) architecture to see
all its capabilities at https://download.microsoft.com/download/C/4/6/
C4606116-522F-428A-BE04-B6D3213E9E52/ml_studio_overview_v1.1.pdf.

Azure Databricks (Chapters 6 and 7)

Azure Databricks is the native implementation of Databricks in Azure and
is provided as a PaaS offering. Azure Databricks provides all the tools and
resources that data scientists and researchers need and is jointly managed
by Databricks and Microsoft engineers.

10
 Chapter 1 Data Science in the Modern Enterprise

Azure Databricks are provisioned as workspaces that contain the

customizable compute clusters, the notebooks, datasets, and storage.
Users can use Databricks File System (DBFS) or mount external storage
like Azure Blob Storage or Azure Data Lake Storage to access data for
projects. Azure Databricks notebooks allow users with different skill sets
to collaborate because the notebooks support different languages like
Python, R, Scala, and Spark SQL. All notebooks can be source controlled
using GitHub or Azure DevOps.
To optimize resources and reduce cost, compute clusters in Azure
Databricks can be automatically shut down due to inactivity. The default
is 120 minutes, but this can be configured as needed. Compute clusters
can be customized with the desired libraries needed, such as PyTorch,
scikit-learn, and TensorFlow. Compute clusters can be pinned so the
customization will be preserved even after the cluster is shut down due to
inactivity.

Use cases for Azure Databricks

Azure Databricks is often used to prepare raw data for downstream
systems and analysis. It is usually front ended by low-latency ingestion
solutions such as IoT hubs or event hubs and other types of storage
serving non-streaming data. Figure 1-2 depicts a typical architecture of
an enterprise data pipeline architecture with data inputs from different
sources (streaming and non-streaming) with Azure Databricks as the data
preparation environment before sending the prepared data to downstream
datastores.

11
Chapter 1 Data Science in the Modern Enterprise

Figure 1-2. Data ingestion and data manipulation pipeline

leveraging Azure Databricks. (Source = https://cloudarchitected.
com/2019/03/event-based-analytical-data-processing-with-
azure-­databricks/)

You can also read up on two other use cases located at

• https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/
architecture/reference-architectures/ai/batch-­
scoring-­databricks

• https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/
architecture/reference-architectures/data/
stream-processing-databricks

12
 Chapter 1 Data Science in the Modern Enterprise

Summary
In this chapter, we made the case as to why data science is an inevitable
undertaking that all modern organizations need to address in order to
stay competitive. We also spent some time in understanding new ethical
challenges because of AI and ML, which are a result of advancements
in data science. Lastly, we provided a quick overview of the modern
technologies and tools in Azure that will help data engineers and data
scientists conduct their work in a more efficient manner.

13
CHAPTER 2

Statistical Techniques
and Concepts in Data
Science
The prominent role that data science plays in technology today has
created a need for all professions to possess a strong fundamental
working knowledge of the math used in statistical techniques.1 The “data
scientist” today may be a transitioning database professionals, data/Big
Data engineers, software engineer, IT auditor, fraud investigator, or even
a business analyst. Often, a project team would be comprised of all these
professionals that have been brought together to solve a business problem,
optimize a process, or create predictive models based on data-driven
techniques. It is thus imperative that all members of the team have some
idea of the statistical techniques and concepts used in data science.
Whether you are a professional in transition or have a need to get a
better understanding of statistical techniques because you are about to
embark on a data-driven project, this chapter is designed to help you. If
you are a data scientist and do not need a refresher, feel free to skip this

1
 tatistical techniques are mathematical concepts, formulas, and equations
S
designed to analyze data so as to identify patterns, make predictions, and
understand behaviors.
© Julian Soh and Priyanshi Singh 2020 15
J. Soh and P. Singh, Data Science Solutions on Azure,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6405-8_2
Chapter 2 Statistical Techniques and Concepts in Data Science

chapter. In this chapter, we will focus on statistical concepts and using a

spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel or equivalent) as a readily accessible analysis
tool.

The fundamentals
Data science, as implied by its name, is based on data, and it is up to
us to organize and make sense of the data. One of the first tasks when
approaching a data-driven project is to ask for all the data that is available,
their sources, build data pipelines if necessary, and start understanding
the data. Future steps would include cleaning the data, creating your
hypothesis, and then conducting experiments to test and validate the
hypothesis before finally creating, debugging, deploying, and monitoring a
model.

Inputs and outputs

We need to determine the “cause-effect” nature of the data we receive.
So, the core fundamental is to determine the inputs (causes) that would
influence the outputs (effects).
In data science, inputs can be referred to by different names, such as
predictors, variables (or independent variables), and features. Outputs are
also sometimes referred to as responses, dependent variables, or simply as
results.
In mathematics, inputs are traditionally denoted with the symbol X,
and outputs are denoted using the symbol Y. Subscripts are used to denote
and identify multiple inputs and outputs, for example, X1, X2, X3,... Xi and
Y1, Y2, Y3,...Yi.

16
 Chapter 2 Statistical Techniques and Concepts in Data Science

L ab setup
All lab and learning resources for this book are hosted on GitHub. We
will also be using open datasets primarily found on Kaggle, which we will
replicate to the book’s GitHub repository (repo).
To better understand the concepts in this chapter, we will use these
resources:

• Bank marketing dataset2 located at https://github.

com/priya-julian/AzureDataScience/blob/master/
datasets/Bank%20Marketing%20Dataset/4471_6849_
bundle_archive.zip (original source: www.kaggle.
com/janiobachmann/bank-marketing-dataset).

• Microsoft Excel version 2010 and up.

• In the Options ➤ Add-ins section for Microsoft Excel,

activate the Analysis ToolPak and Solver Add-in.

• Download the free Real Statistics Resource Pack

from www.real-statistics.com/free-download/
real-statistics-resource-pack/, and follow the
installation instructions located at this site.
Download the dataset from our GitHub repo or from Kaggle, and unzip
the CSV file. We will use this file later in the chapter as we explore the
fundamentals and concepts.

2
 his is the classic marketing bank dataset uploaded originally in the UCI Machine
T
Learning Repository. The dataset gives you information about a marketing
campaign of a financial institution in which you will have to analyze in order
to find ways to look for future strategies in order to improve future marketing
campaigns for the bank.

17
Chapter 2 Statistical Techniques and Concepts in Data Science

Note If you want to view the completed hands-on exercises in this

chapter, please use the bank_solution.xlsx workbook that is also
located in our GitHub repo at https://github.com/singh-soh/
AzureDataScience/blob/master/Chapter02_Statistical_
Techniques_and_Concepts_In_Data_Science/bank_
solution.xlsx.

 ands-on exercise: Understanding inputs, out-

H
puts, and simple modeling
In this exercise, we will explore the concept of inputs and outputs using the
bank marketing dataset.

1. Open the bank.csv file and explore the columns.

2. Take note of the columns titled “marital,” “age,” and

“balance.”

3. Taking these three columns into consideration and

creating a scatterplot in a spreadsheet software like
Microsoft Excel, we should get a chart like Figure 2-1.

18
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
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Davis Co., Philadelphia; 22Jan51; A51969, KNOCKE, LAZELLE S.,
joint author Orthopaedic nursing. SEE Knocke, F. J, KNOLES,
GEORGE HARMON, ed. Readings in Western civilization, selected and
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BLISS, tr. Contributions to the study of depositional fabrics. SEE
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980838 O- 52-9 BOOKS KNOTT, THOMAS ALBERT, joint ed. A
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KNOWLES, MALCOLM SHEPHERD. Informal adult education; a guide
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KNOX, JAMES SAMUEL. A modern course in salesmanship, by James
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Oak Park, D1., Knox Business Book Co, 579 p.. illus, © John Knox;
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Paul's gospel. New York, 1950. 72 p. © Sheed & Ward, inc.; 7Feb51
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digining. 324 p. illus. © Gyldendalske boghandel nordisk forlag,
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for determining objectives and evaluating outcomes in agricultural
education, [Thesis—University of Illinois] Ann Arbor, University
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Vet ni vad? Underhallning fér hela familjen. 135 p. © Albert Bonniers
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Homiletisches Handbuch, 11. Bd, Erg&nzungswerk, 1. T.:
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there was akitten, [28] p. illus. (A Silver star book) © Childrens
Press, inc., Chicago; 15Jan51; A51834, KONRAD, JOACHIM,
Apokalyptische Weltzeit; sieben Reden wider die Gottlosigkeit vom
Siindenfall des Geistes, [Giitersloh] 1950, 127p. (His Gott oder
Damen, Bd, 1) © Verlag C. Bertelsmann; 18Dec50 (in notice: 1951);
AF0-3988, KONRAD, JOACHIM. Das Thema: Mensch reden an die
Berufe. [Gitersloh] 1951. 127p. (His Gott oder D&mon, Bd. 3) ©
Verlag C. Bertelsmann; 3Jan51; AF0-3990. KONRAD, JOACHIM. Vom
Ende der Moral und Gottes Gebot. [Giitersloh] 1951. 84p. (His Gott
oder D&mon, Bd. 2) © Verlag C. Bertelsmann; 3Jan51; AF0-3989.
KONRAD, JOACHIM, Von Krieg und Frieden. [Gtitersloh] 1951. 83 p.
(His Gott oder Dimon, Bd. 4) © Verlag C. Bertelsmann; 3Jan51; AF0-
3991. KOONS, IRVIN L., illus. 20,000 leagues behind the 8 ball. SEE
Dodge, David. KOOP, C. EVERETT Methods and standards. SEE
Pennsylvania. University. School of Medicine. Dept. of Pediatrics.
KOOPMANS, TJALLING, ed. Activity analysis of production and
allocation. SEE Cowles Commission for Research in Economics.
KOPFERMANN, HANS. Physics of the electron shells. Senior author:
Hans Kopfermann; co-authors: W. Finkelnburg [and others]
Translated, edited, and published, in cooperation with the Office of
Technical Services, Dept. of Commerce, U, S, Government, by the O,
W. Leibiger Research Laboratories, ine, Chief translator: I, 8,
Leibiger; chief editor, O. W, Leibiger. 171 p. illus, (The American FIAT
review of German science, 1939-1946, v. 12) © O, W. Leibiger
Research Laboratories, inc., Petersburg, N. Y.; 100ct50; A51670.
KOPPERS, WILHELM, Der Urmensch und sein Weltbild. 271 p.
(Wissenschaft und Weltbild) © Herold Druck=- und Verlags-
G.m.b.H., Wien; 1Jun49; AF 12200, KORAKOWER, ISIDORE ELI, ed.
Hagadah le-tsa‘iri bene Yisral be-Amerikah. SEE Jews. Liturgy and
ritual. Hagadah. Selections. 1951. KORBEL, JOSEF. Tito's
communism. [Denver] University of Denver Press. 368p. © Josef
Korbel; 26Apr51; A55549. KORCH, JOHANNE. Drfmmen om lykken.
168 p. © Gyldendalske boghandel nordisk forlag, Kpbenhavn;
310ct50; AFO-4282. KOREN, HANNS. Pflug und Arl; ein Beitrag zur
Volkskunde der Ackerger&te, 275 p. illus. (Verdffentlichungen des
Institutes fir Volkskunde, Salzburg, Bd. 3) © Otto Miller Verlag,
Salzburg; 22Dec50; AF0-4500, KORETSKY, SANFORD, ed. Hagadah.
SEE Jews. Liturgy and ritual. Hagadah. Selections. 1951. KOREY,
EDWARD LAWRENCE, World geography [by] Edward L, Korey [and]
Edmund [i.e, Edmond] J, Runge, 204 p, illus, © College Entrance
Book Co., New York; 12Jan51; A51687. KORNFELD, ALBERT, ed.
Book of building. SEE House & garden. KORTCHMAR, LUCY
MICHAELLA (CORES) SEE Cores, Lucy Michaella. KORTH, WILHELM,
joint author Arbeitskunde fir Bauhandwerker. SEE Limmen, Wilhelm.
KORTH, WILHELM, joint author Baustoffkunde fir das Baugewerbe.
SEE Limmen, Wilhelm. KORTH, WILHELM, joint author Fachrechnen
fir das Baugewerbe. SEE Limmen, Wilhelm. KOSKIE, L. H. Swimming
[written for the Amateur Swimming Association by L. H. Koskie, M.
Madders and K. B. Martin. 1st ed.J 32 p. illus. (Know the game
series) © Educational Productions, ltd., London; 31Jan51; 2c
24Apr51; AI0-1137. KOSLOW, JULES. The green and the red; Sean
O'Casey, the man andhis plays. 119p. illus. (Golden griffin books, 4)
© Arts, inc., New York; 18Dec50; A51841. KOSOVER, MORDECAI He
‘arot tsum TaNaKH. SEE Blumgarten, Solomon. KOSTROWITSKY,
GUILLAUME APOLLINAIRE ALBERT DE SEE Apollinaire, Guillaume.
KOTB, YUSEF SALAH EL-DIN. Science and science education in
Egyptian society. New York, Bureau of Publications, Teachers
College, Columbia University. 250 p. (Columbia University. Teachers
College. Contributions to education, no. 967) © Yusef Salah El-Din
Kotb; 23Apr51; A55405. KOWALEWSKI, SONJA Sonja Kowalewski.
SEE Hoyer, G. D. von. KOZACKA, JOSEPH S., joint author Carbide
cutting tools. SEE Baker, Warren. KOZERA, EDWARD S., joint ed.
Materials for the study of the Soviet system, SEE Meisel, J. H., ed,
KOZMAN, HILDA CLUTE, ed. Group process in physical education.
SEE California. University. University at Los Angeles. Physical
Education’ Dept. KRAEHENBUEHL, JOHN OTTO, Electric illumination,
2ded, [Pub, in 1942 under title: Electrical illumination] New York,
Wiley, 446 p. illus, © on revisions; John O, Kraehenbuehl; 19Jan51;
A51644, KRAMER, ILSE, tr. Botschaft aus der Fremde, SEE Mannes,
Marya. KRAMER, ILSE, tr. Selbstverwaltung in der Schule, SEE Neill,
A. S. KRAMER, JOSEF, joint author Praktisches Rechnen. SEE
Nuyken, Wilhelm. 122 KRAFT, GUNTHER, ed. Johann Sebastian Bach
in Thiringen. SEE Johann Sebastian Bach in ThOringen. KRAGELUND,
A. Livet og dgJden. SEE Lucretius Carus, Titus. KRAHN, CORNELIUS
The story of the Mennonites. SEE Smith, C. H. KRAL, LULA J., illus.
Hocus pocus magic. SEE Hocus pocus magic. KRAMER, CLAYTON.
Fear and hope according to Saint Alphonsus Liguori. [Part of thesis]
39 p. (Catholic University of America. Studies in sacred theology, 2d
ser., no. 54) © The Catholic University of America Press, inc.,
Washington; 5May51; A56119. KRAMER, EDNA ERNESTINE, The
main stream of mathematics, 321 p. illus, © Oxford University Press,
inc., New York; 29Mar51; A54589, KRAMER, JACQUES, publisher
Modern culinary art. SEE Pellaprat, H. P. KRAMER, PAUL STEVENS.
The doctrine of our salvation; an introduc tion to the theology of
atonement, of the church, and of the sacraments. New York,
Exposition Press. 165 p. © Paul Stevens Kramer; 31May51; A56319.
KRAMER, RALPH M., ed. Hagadah. SEE Jews. Liturgy and ritual
Hagadah. Selections. 1951. KRATZER, ADOLF, ed. Kugelfunktionen,
SEE Lense, Josef. KRAUS, RICHARD G. Square dances of today and
how to teach and call them. Illustrated by Cal Pfeufer; musical
arrangements by Charles Leonhard. 130 p. ©A.S. Barnes and Co.,
inc., New York; 10Nov50; A52637. KRAUSS, CLEMENS Capriccio. SEE
Hartmann, Rudolf. KRAUSS, RUTH. Ican fly, Pictures by Mary Blair. [A
Bank Street book] New York, Simon and Schuster, [42] p. (The Little
golden library, 92) © Simon and Schuster, inc. & Artists and Writers
Guild; 22Jan51 (in notice: 1950); A52311, ‘KRAUTTER, ELISA BIALK
SEE Bialk, Elisa. KRAUTZUN, KURT, joint author Grundriss der
traumatischen peripheren Nervenschadigungen. SEE Bodechtel,
Gustav. KRAYBILL, EDWARD K, Electric circuits for engineers, 212 p,
illus. © The Macmillan Co., New York; 6Feb51; A52435, KREEMER,
IRVIN CRAWFORD. On sunny hills. 78 p. (Contemporary poets of
Dorrance, 422) © Dorrance & Co., inc., Philadelphia; 1May51;
A55836. KREIDER, CLAUDE M, The bambog rod, and how to build it.
140 p, [Olympic editions] © The Macmillan Co., New York; 23Jan51;
A51772. KREMERS, EDWARD. History of pharmacy, a guide and a
survey, by Edward Kremers and George Urdang. 2ded.rev. andenl.
622p. illus. ©on corrections & additions; J. B. Lippincott Co.,
Philadelphia; 2May51; A55385.
 KRETSCHMER, ERNST. Kérperbau und Charakter;
Untersuchungen zum Konstitutionsproblem und zur Lehre von den
Temperamenten, 20., wesentlich verb, und verm. Aufl, 349p. illus. ©
Springer-Verlag OHG, Berlin; 5Jan51; AF12225, KRETSCHMER,
ERNST. Psychotherapeutische Studien. 215 p. illus. © Georg Thieme
Verlag, Stuttgart; 10Jun49; AF12294. KRETSCHMER, ERNST. Der
sensitive Beziehungswahn; ein Beitrag zur Paranoiafrage und zur
psychiatrischen Charakterlehre, 3, verb, und verm, Aufl, 204 p. ©
Springer-Verlag, Berlin; 1Nov50; AF0-3410, KRICKENBERGER,
WILLIAM R., joint author Solid geometry. SEE Welchons, A. M.
KRIEGER, FIRMIN JOSEPH, joint author Lagrangian interpolation
coefficients and the calculation of maxima and minima and points of
inflection. SEE Bahrman, C. P. KRIENER, ALBERT. Betriebskunde ffir
das Hotel- und Gaststattengewerbe; ein Lehr- und Nach-’°
schlagebuch fir Personal und Leitung der Hotel- und
Gastst&ttenbetriebe. 182 p. illus. (Schriftenreihe fir
Fremdenverkehrsbetriebe, hrsg. von Walter Thoms, Bd, 2) ©
Fachbuchverlag Dr. Pfanneberg & Co., Giessen; 25Nov50; AF0-3934.
; KRISTENSEN, CHRISTEN ERLING JENSEN SEE Kristensen, Erling.
KRISTENSEN, ERLING. Vendsysselrejsen. [Kpbenhavn] 1950. 95 p.
© Steen Hasselbalchs forlag; 180ct50; AFO-4046. KRISTIANSEN,
KRISTIAN. Adrian Posepilt, roman, 343 p. © H. Aschehoug & co. (W.
Nygaard) a/s, Oslo; 11Nov50; AF0-4032. KROEMER, MAX. Sonodisc
language course: German, by Max Kroemer [and] Anton Hermann
Winter. New York, Modernophone [distributors] 220 p. © on new
introd. & revisions; Sonodisc, ltd.; 6Mar51; A53538. KROHN, XAN.
En vagabonds vandring p& jorden. 180 p. illus. © Gyldendal norsk
forlag, Oslo; 270ct50; AF0-3606. KRONE, MAX T., ed. Erich
Lachmann collection of historical stringed musical instruments. SEE
Lachmann, Erich. KRONENBERGER, LOUIS, ed. Alexander Pope:
Selected works. SEE Pope, Alexander. KROSE, HERMANN, edNonnis
Reise um die Welt. SEE Svensson, J. S. KROUT, JOHN ALLEN, ed.
Mobilizing American power for defense. SEE Academy of Political
Science, New York. KROUT, JOHN ALLEN. New outline-history of the
United States since 1865. 5thed. [First published in 1933 under title:
An outline history of the United States since 1865] 264p, illus.
(College outline series, 30) © on additions & revisions; Barnes &
Noble, inc., New York; 3Apr51; A54519. KRUGER, HENNING
ANDERSEN, Betriebsabrechnung ffir das graphische Gewerbe; ein
Leitfaden ftir Betriebe aller Grédssen und Sparten, Bd. 2:
Nachkalkulation, Haustarif, Auswertung. 116 p. illus. © Verlag des
Druckhauses Tempelhof, Berlin; 29Aug50; AF0-3764. BOOKS
KRUGER, HENNING ANDERSEN,. Leitfaden der Buchdruckkalkulation.
7. véllig neu bearb. Aufl. [First ed. pub. in 1937 under title: Die
Buchdruckkalkulation] Berlin, Verlag des Druckhauses Tempelhof,
211 p. illus. © Deutscher Verlag, Verlagsabteilung: Verlag des
Druckhauses Tempelhof; 2Apr51; AF0-4929. KRUG, EDWARD
AUGUST, joint author Living in our America. SEE Quillen, I. J. KRUG,
WERNER G.,, tr. Meine drei Jahre in Moskau. SEE Smith, W. B.
KRUMBEIN, WILLIAM CHRISTIAN. Stratigraphy and sedimentation,
by W. C. Krumbein and L. L. Sloss. San Francisco, W.H. Freeman.
497 p. illus. © William C. Krumbein & Lawrence [sic] L. Sloss;
5Jan51; A53301. KRUSKAMP, DAISY JENNETTE (NORRIS) SEE
Norris, Jennette. KRUTCH, JOSEPH WOOD Alexander Pope: Selected
works. SEE Pope, Alexander, KUDER, MERLE SCOVEL Mapping your
education. SEE Interstate Council on High School-College Relations.
KUHN, HEINZ, Blutzeugen des Bistums Berlin. 189 p. illus. © Morus-
Verlag, Berlin; 1Oct50; AF0-4199. KULZ, HELMUT R. ; Die Fliichtlinge
aus der sowjetischen Besatzungszone. 59p. (Kleine Schriften fir den
Staatsbirger, 10) © Wolfgang Metzner Verlag, Frankfurt am Main;
20Nov50; AF0-4007. KUGELMAN, RICHARD Saint Joseph daily
missal. SEE Catholic Church. Liturgy and ritual. Missal. English,
KUGELMASS, J. ALVIN. Louis Braille, windows for the blind;
decorations by Edgard Cirlin. New York, Messner. 160p. illus. © J,
Alvin Kugelmass; 6Apr51; A54641. KUHLMANN, EMIL, Die
Werkstoffe der Metall verarbeitenden Berufe, 128 p. illus.
(Fachbticher fir Schule und Beruf) © W. Girardet, Essen; 1Nov48;
AF12165. KUHN, JAMES CRAIGHEAD, Jr., ed. Public health laws of
the city of Pittsburgh. SEE Pittsburgh. Ordinances, etc. KUIN,
JOHANNES PETRUS WII_HELMUS, De zanger van de Italiaanse
revoJutie; het leven van Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) 174 p. illus.
(Sonatine-reeks, deel 6) © Nederland's Boekhuis N.V., Tilburg;
7Dec50; AF0-3412, KUIPER, BAREND KLAAS. The church in history.
499 p. illus. © The National Union of Christian Schools, Grand
Rapids; 17Mar51; A54290. KUIPER, BERNARD SEE Kuiper, Barend
Klaas. KUJAWSKI, WILMA Annotated bibliography of vitamin E,
1940-1950. SEE Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y.
Distillation Products Industries. KUL'MAN, NIKOLAI KARLOVICH.
lementarno-prakticheskafa grammatika russkogo fazyka. Izd. 9.
Parizh [1950] 208 p. © YMCA Press; 1Jan50 (in notice: 1949);
AF12237. 123 KUMULIPO (HAWAIIAN CHANT) The Kumulipo, a
Hawaiian creation chant, translated and edited by Martha Warren
Beckwith. [Chicago] University of Chicago Press. 257p, illus. © The
University of Chicago; 16Feb51; A52700, KUNS, RAY FOREST.
Automatic transmissions, principles and maintenance. 466 p. illus. ©
The Bruce Pub. Co., Milwaukee; 30Apr51; A55138. KUNTSCHIK,
HEDWIG, tr. Wo ist Doktor Gill? SEE Lindwall, Gustaf, KURLAND,
PHILIP B., ed. Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the United
States. SEE Robertson, Reynolds. KURTH, GERTRUD MARIA, joint
ed. Elements of psychoanalysis. SEE Herma, Hans, ed. * KUSCH,
MONICA H, A selected bibliography on geography education for
curriculum committees, SEE National Council of Geography Teachers,
KUTAK, JEROME F. Principles of claim adjusting; a manual explaining
the procedure, with background material, for settling claims under
life, health and accident insurance policies. 244 p. © Callaghan &
Co,, Chicago; 5Dec50; A52085. KYLE, ELISABETH, pseud. SEE
Dunlop, Agnes Mary Robertson. KYLE, PAULINE MITCHELL, Jimmy
Jonas; illustrated by Jean Turbeville. Dallas, Mathis, Van Nort. 162 p.
© Pauline Mitchell Kyle; 1May51; A55887. L LA BEDOLLIERE, EMILE
GIGAULT DE. Nine lives. SEE Fenton, Edward. LA BELLE, ALTA M,
Administrative housekeeping, by Alta M. La Belle and Jane Barton.
420 p. illus. © G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York; 1Mar51; A55087,
LABOR RESEARCH ASSOCIATION. Monopoly today. 128p. ©
International Publishers Co., inc., New York; 19Jan51 (in notice:
1950); A53059. LABORIT, HENRI. L'anesthésie facilitée par les
synergies médicamenteuses, 120p. illus. © Masson et Cie, Paris;
23Feb51; AF0-4749. LA BRANT, LOU LE VANCHE, We teach English,
342 p, © Harcourt, Brace and Co.,, inc., New York; 2Jan51; A51071,
LACEY, JOHN L. The Audubon book of bird carving, by John L, Lacey,
as told to Tom Moore McBride. 124p. illus. © McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
inc., New York; 30Mar51; A54267. LACH, DONALD FREDERICK, joint
author The rise of modern Europe. SEE Gottschalk, L. R. LACHAISE,
LOUIS LASNIERSEE Lasnier-Lachaise, Louis, LACHMANN, ERICH,
Erich Lachmann collection of historical stringed musical instruments,
Photographic illus, by Irvin Kershner, [1st ed,] [Edited by Max T,
Krone] Los Angeles, Allan Hancock Foundation, University of
Southern California, 53 p, © University of Southern California;
20Dec50; A50890,
 CATALOG OF COPYRIGHT ENTRIES LACKNER, ERICH,
Berechnung mehrfach gestitzter Spundwande. 3. Aufl. Berlin, 1950.
64p. illus. (Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiete des Wasserbaues und der
Baugrundforschung, Heft 15) © Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn;
31Mar51 (in notice: 1950); AFO-4636. LA COUR, PAUL. Mellem bark
og ved, digte. 93 p. © Gyldendalske boghandel nordisk forlag,
Kgbenhayn; 24O0ct50; AF0-4254. LACROIX, JOHN VICTOR, ed.
Questions and answers, veterinary. Replies by 138 authorities to
more than 500 selected questions submitted by readers of the North
American veterinarian. Edited by: J. V. Lacroix and H, Preston
Hoskins. 210p. © American Veterinary Publications, inc., Evanston,
01.; 4May51; A55267. LACY, EDGAR WILSON. Guide for good
writing, a composition text for college students [by] Edgar W. Lacy
[and] Ednah S. Thomas. 436 p, © Stackpole and Heck, inc.,
Harrisburg, Pa.; 23Feb51; A52619, LACY, NAN, joint author I wonder
why. SEE Dowling, T. 1. LACY, NAN, joint author Learning why, SEE
Dowling, T. I. LACY, NAN, joint author Seeing why. SEE Dowling, T. I.
LADIES' HOME JOURNAL. Profile of youth, by members of the staff
of the Ladies' home journal; edited by Maureen Daly. [Originally pub.
in condensed form in Ladies' home journal] [lst ed.] Philadelphia,
Lippincott. 256 p. © on introd, & final chapter; The Curtis Pub. Co.;
21Feb51; A53097. ; LADNER, GROVER CLEVELAND. 1941-1951
cumulative supplement to Ladner's real estate conveyancing,
covering statutes and decisions to January 1, 1951. New York, C.
Boardman Co, 221p. © Grover Cleveland Ladner; 14Apr51; A54738.
LADO, ROBERT. Measurement of English as a foreign language with
special reference to Spanish-speaking adults. [Thesis— University of
Michigan] Ann Arbor, University Microfilms, 1949. Microfilm copy of
typewritten ms. Positive. ([University Microfilms] Publication no,
1983) © Robert Lado; 29Dec50; A53191. LADOO, RAYMOND
BARDEEN. Nonmetallic minerals, by Raymond B. Ladoo and W. M.
Myers, 2ded. 605 p. illus. © on revisions & new material; McGraw-
Hill Book Co., inc., New York; 28Feb51; A53103. LAEMMAR, JACK
WILLIAM, joint author Successful radio and television advertising.
SEE Seehafer, E. F. LA FAVER, EMMA, Toward the stars, poems. New
York, Exposition Press, 63 p. © Emma La Faver; 1May51; A55190.
LAFAYETTE, MARIE JOSEPH PAUL YVES ROCH GILBERT DU MOTIER,
marquis de The people's general. SEE Loth, D. G. LA FAYETTE,
MARIE MADELEINE (PIOCHE DE LA VERGNE) comtesse de. The
Princess of Cleves; translated by Nancy Mitford. [Supposed to have
been written with the assistance of Segrais and La Rochefoucauld]
[New York, 1951] 210 p. (The New classics series [31]}) © New
Directions; 11May51; A56328. Appl. states prev. pub. abroad
30Apr50, AI-2941. LAFONT, EDOUARD AGASSESEE Agasse-Lafont,
Edouard. LA FONTAINE, JEAN DE. Fables, Illus. de Jacques Ferrand.
126 p. © Maison Mame, Tours; 150ct50; AF0-3749. LAFRANCE,
MARIE STELLA, joint author Second-year French. SEE O'Brien, K. L:
LAGERSTEDT, GEORG, illus. Balance and rhythm in exercise, SEE
Carlquist, M. A, C. LAGRANGE, REGINALD GARRIGOU-, Father SEE
Garrigou-Lagrange, Reginald, Father. LAIDRICH, EDWARD. How to
change your face, by self-control upon the emotion that holds the
feature. Hollywood, Calif. [1951] 118 p. illus. (A publication of
Vocational guidance and advice) © Edward Laidrich; 1Jun51;
A56451, LAING, JAN. Priscilla. London, W. Laurie. 283 p. © Jan
Laing; 23Feb51; 2c 9Mar51; AI0-994, LAING, JAN. Priscilla. New
York, Putnam. 244 p. © Jan Laing; 18Apr51; A55089. Appl. states
prev. pub abroad 22Feb51, AI0-994., LAING, PATRICK, pseud. SEE
Long, Amelia Reynolds. LAIRD, Mrs. CHARLTON SEE Laird, Helene.
LAIRD, DONALD ANDERSON. Practical business psychology, by
Donald A. Laird & Eleanor C. Laird. 551 p. illus. © The Gregg Pub.
Co., New York; 5Apr51; A55096. LAIRD, ELEANOR CHILDS
(LEONARD) joint author Practical business psychology. SEE Laird, D,
A. LAIRD, EMMA. Of former love. London, H. Hamilton. 471 p. ©
Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston; 27Apr51; lc 7May51; AI-3126. LAIRD,
HELENE. Nancy gets ajob. [1st ed.] Cleveland, World Pub. Co. 224p.
© Helene Laird (Mrs. Charlton Laird); 28Mar51; A54099. LAIRD,
MARION MURDOCH. Impounded waters, a novel of John McDonogh.
[New Castle? Del., 1951] 114 p. illus. © Marion Murdoch Laird;
22May51; A55748. LAISTNER, MAX LUDWIG WOLFRAM. Christianity
and pagan culture in the later Roman Empire, together with an
English translation of John Chrysostom's Address on vainglory and
the right way for parents to bring up their children. Ithaca, Cornell
University Press. 145 p. (The James W. Richard lectures in history for
1950-51) © Cornell University; 10Apr51; A54701. LAIT, JACK.
Washington confidential, by Jack Lait and Lee Mortimer. Authors ed.
310p. © Crown Publishers, inc., New York; 28Feb51; A53088. LAIT,
JACQUIN L. SEE Lait, Jack. LALOUE, PAUL ELEONORE, Le guide de
la charcuterie; aide-mémoire de charcuterie pratique. Paris, 1950.
427 p. © Paul Eléonore Laloue; 30Dec50; AF0-4116. 124 LA
MANTIA, RUSSELL A. The art of knife fighting. SEE Hill, R. G.
LAMARTINE, ALPHONSE MARIE LOUIS DE Lamartine. SEE Lucas-
Dubreton, Jean. LAMB, CECILE, Flowers for Filbert; illustrated by the
author, [32] p. (A Cozy-corner book) © Whitman Pub. Co,, Racine,
Wis,; 31Jan51; A52654, LAMB, GEORGE R. Roman road. 125 p. ©
Sheed & Ward, inc., New York; 14Feb51; A52777. LAMB, HAROLD.
Suleiman, the Magnificent, Sultan of the East. [1st ed.] Garden City,
N. Y., Doubleday. 370 p. illus. © Harold Lamb; 15Mar51; A53499.
LAMBERT, JANET. Star Dream. [lst ed.] 190p. © E.P. Dutton & Co.,
inc., New York; 9Apr51; A54423. LAMBERT, OSCAR DOANE, West
Virginia and its government. 491 p. illus. © D. C. Heath and Co.,
Boston; 21May51; A56152. LAMBLEY, K. REBILLON SEE Rebillon-
Lambley, K. LAMM, LAWRENCE W., ed. The Everyday reference
library. SEE The Everyday reference library. LAMMEY, W. CLYDE.
Power tools and how to use them. Chicago, Popular Mechanics
Press. 144p. illus. (Popular mechanics craftsman's library) © Popular
Mechanics Co.; 29Dec50; AA171213, LAMONT, THOMAS WILLIAM,
Across world frontiers, New York, Priv, print, 268p, illus, © Florence
C, Lamont, Thomas S, Lamont & J, P, Morgan & Co,, inc,, executors
of the Estate of Thomas W, Lamont; 20Dec50; A51050, LAMOTTE,
E., illus. Jour de f€te. SEE Tati, Jacques. L'AMOUR, LOUIS. Hopalong
Cassidy and the rustlers of West Fork, by Tex Burns [pseud.] [1st
ed.] [First pub. in condensed form in Hopalong Cassidy Western
magazine, Fall, 1950] 248 p. (A Double D western) © on fulllength
book version; Doubleday & Co.,, inc., Garden City, N. Y.; 11Jan51;
A51455. LAMPERT, KATHARINE, tr. Dream and reality. SEE Berdiaev,
N. A. LAMPMAN, ARTHUR, Tryst with tranquillity, poems. New York,
Exposition Press, 96 p. © Arthur Lampman; 29Dec50; A51642.
LAMPRECHT, FRANZ, ed. Mit Goethe durch das Jahr. SEE Goethe, J.
W. von. LANCASTER, BRUCE. Venture in the East. [lst ed.] Boston,
Little, Brown. 317 p. (An Atlantic Monthly Press book) © Bruce
Lancaster; 20Apr51; AS4822. LANCASTER, OSBERT, Fagades and
faces; illustrated by the author, [lst ed.] London, J. Murray. 64 p. ©
Osbert Lancaster; 15Nov50; le 9Feb51; AI-3078, LANCERE, Mme.
SEE Cormeau, Nelly.
 BOOKS LANDAU, EDMUND GEORG HERMANN, ifferential
and integral calculus; translated from the German [Einfflhrung in die
Differentialrechnung und Integralrechnung] by Melvin Hausner and
Martin Davis, 366 p. © on translation; Chelsea Pub, Co,, New York;
30Nov50; A51292, LANDAU, EDMUND GEORG HERMANN.
Foundations of analysis; the arithmetic of whole, rational, irrational,
and complex numbers. A supplement to textbooks on the differential
and integral calculus. Translated by F. Steinhardt. [New York] 1951.
134p. © on translation; Aaron Galuten, d.b.a. Chelsea Pub. Co.;
30Jan51; A54117. LANDAUER, BELLA CLARA. Striking the right note
in advertising; selections from the music collection of Bella C,.
Landauer at the New-York Historical Society. New York, New-York
Historical society. [74] p. illus. © Bella Clara Landauer; 2Apr51;
A54678. LANDELS, THOMAS DURLEY. The secret of happiness. 80p.
© The Christopher Pub. House, Boston; 9Feb51; A52764. LANDES,
KENNETH KNIGHT. Petroleum geology. 6607. illus. © John Wiley &
Sons, in ., New York; 23Feb51; A53082.
LANDESARBEITSAUSSCHUSS THURINGEN FUR DAS BACHJAHR 1950
Johann Sebastian Bach in Thiringen. SEE Johann Sebastian Bach in
T*fir’ igen. LANDIS, CHARLES SINGER, Hunting with the twenty-two,
Georgetown, S. C,, Small Arms Technical Pub, Co, 429 p, illus. (A
Samworth book on hunting) © Thomas G, Samworth; 10Nov50;
A51353, LANDIS, MILDRED M. Meaningful art education. Peoria, Il.,
C. A. Bennett Co. 185 p. illus. © Mildred M. Landis; .5Feb51;
A52918. LANDIS, PAUL E., joint author For healthful living. SEE
Jones, Edwina. LANDIS, PAUL E., joint author Good health for better
living. SEE Jones, Edwina. LANDIS, PAUL E., joint author Teachers'
manual for Easy steps to health. SEE Jones, Edwina. LANDIS, PAUL
E., joint author Teachers' manual for Keeping healthy. SEE Jones,
Edwina. LANDIS, PAUL E., joint author Teachers' manual for Your
health and you. SEE Jones, Edwina. LANDMAN, JACOB HENRY. New
outline-history of the world since 1914 [by] J. H. Landman and
Herbert Wender. 8th ed, [First published in this ser, in 1934 under
title: An outline history of the world since 1914, Also published
without ser, note in 1934 under title: Since 1914] 418 p. illus.
(College outline series) © on additions & revisions; Barnes & Noble,
inc., New York; 16Jan51; A51866. LANDOLT, HANS HEINRICH Atome
und Ionen. SEE Joos, Georg. LANDON, CHARLES EDWARD,
Transportation; principles, practices, problems, New York, Sloane,
618 p, illus, © Charles E, Landon; 15Jan51; A51386, LANDORMY,
PAUL CHARLES RENE. Bizet. Préf.d'Alain. [Paris, 1950] 226 p. illus.
(Leurs figures) © Librairie Gallimard, Paris; 30Dec50; AF0-4127.
LANDT-LEMMEL, HANNS. "Wal frei"; auf Walfang im siidlichen
Eismeer. 157 p. illus. © Eberhard Brockhaus Verlag, Wiesbaden;
1'70ct50; AF0-4379. LANE, LAURA G. The United States of America,
SEE Country Women's Council of the U. S. A. LANE, RAYMOND A.,
Bp. The early days of Maryknoll. New York, McKay. 311 p. © Catholic
Foreign Mission Society of America; 5Mar51; A53935. LANFORD,
CAROLINE (SHERMAN) joint author Essentials of nutrition. SEE
Sherman, H. C. LANG, FRANK. A public relations program for
insurance. The application of public relations management to big
business. [Thesis— Columbia University] Ann Arbor, University
Microfilms, 1949. Microfilm copy of typewritten ms. Positive.
([University Microfilms] Publication no. 1868) © Frank Lang;
29Dec50; A53163. LANG, PAUL. Deutschsprachliches Arbeitsbuch fiir
die Mittelschule und den Selbstunterricht. 1. Bd.: Grammatik. [1.
Aufl. der Neubearbeitung des "Stilistisch-rhetorischen
Arbeitsbuches"] 140 p. ©H. R. Sauerlander & Co., Aarau,
Switzerland; 14Mar51; AF0-4881,. LANGDON, GRACE. These well-
adjusted children [by] Grace Langdon and Irving W. Stout. New
York, J. Day Co. 245p. illus. © Grace Langdon & Irving W. Stout;
19Mar51; A55027. LANGE, EITEL, Der Reichsmarschall im Kriege; ein
Bericht in Wort und Bild, 215 p, © Curt E, Schwab G.m,b.H.,
Stuttgart; 2Dec50; AF0-3524, LANGELLIER, ALICE. Ces gens qui
passent [by] Alice Langellier [and] Paul Langellier. Illus. by André
Girard. 276p. © Henry Holt and Co., inc., New York; 5Apr51;
A54712. LANGELLIER, PAUL, joint author Ces gens qui passent. SEE
Langellier, Alice. LANGER, WILLIAM LEONARD. The diplomacy of
imperialism, 1890-1902, 2d ed, with supplementary bibliographies.
[Half-title] Bureau of International Research, Harvard University and
Radcliffe College. New York, Knopf, 1951. 797p. illus. © on pref, &
supplementary bibliographies; The Bureau of International Research,
Harvard University and Radcliffe College; 21Dec50; A50926.
LANGEWIESCHE, WOLFGANG. A flier's world. New York, McGraw-
Hill. 278 p. illus. © on additions & revisions; Wolfgang
Langewiesche; 25Apr51; A54888. LANGGASSER, ELISABETH.
M&rkische Argonautenfahrt, Roman. 411 p. © Claassen Verlag
GmbH., Hamburg; 150ct50; AF0-4078. LANGHAAR, HENRY LOUIS.
Dimensional analysis and theory of models. 166 p. illus. © John
Wiley & Sons, inc., New York; 3Apr51; A54087. 125 LANGHAM,
MARION L, On the farm, 212 p, illus, © Noble and Noble, Publishers,
inc., New York; 2Jan51; A51467, LANGLOIS-BERTHELOT, RICHARD,
Les moteurs électriques pour toutes applications, 264p, illus.
(Editions scientifiques & techniques) © Marc Eyrolles, Paris;
23May50; AF12185. LANGLOIS-BERTHELOT, RICHARD SEE
Berthelot, Richard Langlois. LANGRENUS, MANFRED, pseud, SEE
Hecht, Friedrich, LANIER, FANITA, illus. Texas, the land of the Tejas.
SHEE Johnson, S. J. LANNESTOCK, GUSTAF, tr. The emigrants. SEE
Moberg, Vilhelm, LANNHOLM, GERALD VICTOR. Predicting graduate
school success; an evaluation of the effectiveness of the graduate
record examinations, by Gerald V. Lannholm and William B. Schrader.
50p, © Educational Testing Service, Princeton, N. J.; 13Feb51;
A52415, LANPHEAR, PRUDENCE T. Mastering your language. SEE
McKee, P. G. LANPHEAR, PRUDENCE T. Perfecting your language.
SEE McKee, P. G. LANSING, ELISABETH CARLETON (HUBBARD) The
pony that ran away; illustrated by Barbara Cooney. New York,
Crowell. 149 p. © Elisabeth Hubbard Lansing; 29Mar51; A54132,
LANTZ, JOHN EDWARD, ed, Stories of Christian living, Foreword by
Martha Foley, New York, Association Press, 293 p. © National Board
of Young Men's Christian Associations; 310ct50; A51501, LANZA DEL
VASTO, JOSEPH JEAN L'injuste grandeur. SEE Dietrich, Luc. LA
PENTA, HELEN. Cloudgap. [1st ed.] New York, Harper. 246 p. ©
Helen La Penta (Helen La Penta Diamond); 25Apr51; A54926.
LAPIDES, JACK, The physiopathology of the urinary tract and the
male reproductive system, by Jack Lapides and William C, Baum, 1st
ed. [Ann Arbor, 1950] 65 p, illus, © Jack Lapides & William C, Baum;
10ct50; A51514, LAPIERRE, DOMINIQUE. Un dollar les mille
kilométres. 281 p. © Editions Bernard Grasset, Paris; 15Dec50; AFO-
4103. LAPORTE, LUISE, tr. Napoléon. SEE Bainville, Jacques.
LAPSLEY, ROBERT ALBERTI. The Bridge of God; a spiritual
interpretation of the Natural Bridge of Virginia. 61p. illus. © John
Knox Press, Richmond; 29Jan51; A52072, LAQUEUR, ALYS, illus.
Fuzzy mittens for three little kittens. SEE Fuzzy mittens for three
little kittens. LARBAUD, VALERY. Oeuvres complétes. T. 1: Jaune bleu
blanc. T. 2: Fermina Marquez. Enfantines. [Paris, 1950] 2v. ©
Librairie Gallimard; 150ct50; AF0-4056.
 CATALOG OF COPYRIGHT ENTRIES LARDNER, JOHN, White
hopes and other tigers. [1st ed.] [Much of the material first
appeared serially in the New Yorker] Philadelphia, Lippincott. 190 p.
illus. © on fulllength book version; John Lardner; 4Apr51; A54400.
LARGE, GEORGE ELWYN. Design of retaining walls. Columbus, Ohio
[1951] 581. illus. © George Elwyn Large; 8May51; A55602. LARIAR,
LAWRENCE, Stone cold blonde, by Adam Knight [pseud.] New York,
Crown Publishers. 191 p. © Adam Knight; 29Jan51; A51991.
LARIVIERE, ANDRE. Ala rencontre de l'homme. [Paris, 1951] 301 p.
© Librairie Gallimard, 15Mar51; AF0-4736. LARKOWSKI, TADEUSZ
MARYAN., Hospital staff and office manual, by T. M. Larkowski and
A. R. Rosanova. 428 p. illus. © Romaine Pierson Publishers, inc.,
Great Neck, N. Y.; 5Mar51; A54150. LAROM, MARY, joint author
Jewelry making for fun and profit. SEE Clegg, Helen. LA ROSIERE,
FREDERIC HENRI JOSEPH PETITJEAN DE For works written in
collaboration with Jeanne Marie Henriette Petitjean de la Rosiére,
SEE Delly, pseud. LA ROSIERE, JEANNE MARIE HENRIETTE
PETITJEAN DE For works written in collaboration with Frédéric Henri
Joseph Petitjean de la Rosiére, SEE Delly, pseud. LARRABEE,
HAROLD ATKINS, tr. Man: mind or matter? SEE Mayer, C. L.
LARRIMORE, LIDA, pseud. SEE Thomas, Lida Larrimore (Turner)
LARSELL, OLOF, Anatomy of the nervous system, Introd. by A. T,
Rasmussen, 2ded. 520p. illus. © on additions & revisions;
AppletonCentury-Crofts, inc., New York; 31Jan51; A52121, LARSEN,
CHRISTIAN L. Maryland municipal police systems, by Christian L.
Larsen and Edmund C. Mester. 22 p. (Studies in public
Administration) © Bureau of Public Administration, University of
Maryland, College Park; 15May50; A53811. LARSEN, HAROLD
THEODORE, Long-term school and community growth estimates;
population growth handbook for schoolmen, businessmen,
engineers, planning committees, Nyack, N, Y., c1950, lv, illus, ©
Harold Theodore Larsen; 21Nov50; A51006, LARSEN, KNUD
VANDMOSE. Skibet iflasken. 192 p. © Gyldendalske boghandel
nordisk forlag, Kp/benhavn; 8Sep50; AFO-3905. LARSEN, SPENCER
ALLEN, ed. How to improve business communications. SEE Business
Communications Conference, Wayne University, Detroit, 1950.
LARSEN-LEDET, LARS, Mit livs karrusel, [Vol.] 5: Aandelig
handelsrejsende. 258 p, © Gyldendalske boghandel nordisk forlag,
Kpbenhavn; 26Sep50; AF0-3909, LARSON, ADLOWE L, Agricultural
marketing. 519 p. illus. © Prentice-Hall, inc,, New York; 18Apr51;
A54646. LARSON, FREDA. Glad Lee, the cross-eyed bear; illustrated
by Bunji Tagawa. New York, Exposition Press. 39p. © Freda F.
Larson; 31May51; A56321. LARSON, LOLA MARGUERITE, joint
author Books for tired eyes. SEE Matson, Charlotte. LARSON,
ROBERT EARL, Life insurance mathematics [by] Robert E, Larson
and Erwin A, Gaumnitz, 184 p, illus, © John Wiley & Sons, inc,, New
York; 3Jan51; A51150, LARTHOMAS, PIERRE HENRI, Meeting,
translated by Betty Askwith, London, Gollancz, 158p, © René
Julliard; 16Oct50; 1c 5Jan51; AI-3050, LA SALLE EXTENSION
UNIVERSITY, CHICAGO. Business management. Executive manuals
83: Effective use of correct English, 84: [Mechanical elements in
correspondence] and 85: [Organizing the correspondence} By Frank
W. Dignan in conjunction with the LaSalle research staff, with the
advice and co-operation of Homer J. Buckley, Monroe A. Smith, Jr.
[and] K. K. Bell. 36, 39, 36 p. © on revisions & new matter; LaSalle
Extension University, Chicago; 20May51; AA185601. LA SALLE
EXTENSION UNIVERSITY, CHICAGO Executors and administrators,
SEE Work, J, M. LA SALLE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY, CHICAGO
Mortgages, SEE Sass, Frederick. LA SALLE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY,
CHICAGO. Practical guide to social security administration. [4th ed.]
A practical guide to payroll tax procedure and records, incorporating
the 1950 amendments approved August 28, 1950. [Previous editions
pub. under title: Social security legislation and administration] 94p.
illus. © on revisions & new material; La Salle Extension University,
Chicago; 2Feb51; A53272. LA SALLE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY,
CHICAGO Specific performance. SEE Samsel, R. C. LASCELLES, H. R.
; Western dairying. [Danville, I1.] 1951. 280 p. illus. © The
Interstate, Printers and Publishers, inc.; 1Mar51; A52950. LASH,
VIRGINIA. Portraits. 48 p. © Bruce Humphries, inc., Boston;
28Dec50; A53991. LASH, WILLIAM QUINLAN, The Temple of God's
Wounds, by Will Quinlan [pseud.] 118 p. © MorehouseGorham Co.,
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