Lecture 8
Analog Ammeter,
Voltmeter and Ohmmeter
Kumary Sumi Rani Shaha
Lecturer
Dept. of EECE, PUST
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Chapter 09: Analog Ammeter, Voltmeter and Ohmmeter
Book: Electrical and Electronic Measurements and
Instrumentation
By
A. K. SAWHNEY
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Analog Ammeter, Voltmeter and Ohmmeter
Ammeter: An ammeter is an instrument used to measure the current in a circuit. Ammeter means
Ampere-meter which measures ampere value. Ampere is the unit of current so an ammeter is a
meter or an instrument which measures current. Ammeters are calibrated and modified galvanometers,
since like the galvanometers they too measure the current by deflections of the magnetic coil. But, unlike
the galvanometers, they are calibrated and do not show the direction of the current. To effectively measure
the current flowing through the circuit the ammeter must allow the current to easily flow through it. Thus
the ideal ammeter has an internal resistance of zero.
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Analog Ammeter, Voltmeter and Ohmmeter
Working Principle of Ammeter
The main principle of ammeter is that it must have a very low resistance. It has very low impedance
because it must have very low amount of voltage drop across it and must be connected in series
connection because current is same in the series circuit. Also due to very low impedance the power loss
will be low and if it is connected in parallel it becomes almost a short circuited path and all the current
will flow through ammeter as a result of high current the instrument may burn. So due to this reason it
must be connected in series. For an ideal ammeter, it must have zero impedance so that it has zero voltage
drop across it so the power loss in the instrument is zero. But the ideal is not achievable practically.
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Analog Ammeter, Voltmeter and Ohmmeter
Voltmeter: A voltmeter, also known as a voltage meter, is an instrument that measures the voltage
or potential difference between two points of an electronic or electrical circuit. Usually, the voltmeter
is used for Alternating Current (AC) circuits or Direct Current (DC) circuits. Alternatively, Radio
Frequency (RF) voltage can also be measured by specialised voltmeters.
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Analog Ammeter, Voltmeter and Ohmmeter
Ohmmeter:
Ohmmeter, instrument for measuring electrical resistance, which is expressed in ohms. In the simplest
ohmmeters, the resistance to be measured may be connected to the instrument in parallel or in series. If
in parallel (parallel ohmmeter), the instrument will draw more current as resistance increases. If in
series (series ohmmeter), current will decrease as resistance rises. Ratio meters measure the ratio of the
voltage across the resistance to the current flowing through it. For high resistances, the scale is usually
graduated in megohms (106 ohms), and the instrument is called a megohmmeter, or “megger.”
Types of Ohmmeter
The ohmmeter gives the approximate value of resistance. It is very portable and hence used in the
laboratory. It is of three types; they are the series ohmmeter, shunt ohmmeter and multi-range
ohmmeter.
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Example: 8.1-8.28
Or 9.1-9.28
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AVOmeter
AVO meter stands for A – ampere, V – volt, O – ohm meter. It is also known as a multimeter.
Avometer or multimeter is a tester (instrument) that is used to measure electric current (both AC
and DC), the potential difference between two points in a circuit, and also measures resistance in a
circuit.
Functions of AVO meter:
•It is a very important instrument for measuring volts, ohms, and amperes quickly and easily,
•As well as locating faults in electric or electronic circuits.
Construction and Working
Multimeter basically consists of sensitive moving coil galvanometer which can be converted into
•Multirange ammeter by connecting a current measuring circuit
•Multirange voltmeter by connecting a voltage measuring circuit
•Multirange ohmmeter by connecting a resistance measuring circuit.
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