Module-1
Q.1 a. Define database. Elaborate component modules of DBMS and
their interactions.
Q.1 b. Describe the three-schema architecture. Why do we need
mappings among schema levels?
Q.1 c. Explain the difference between logical and physical data
independence.
Q.2 a. Draw an ER diagram for an COMPANY database with employee,
department, project as strong entities and dependent as weak entity.
Specify the constraints, relationships and ratios in the ER diagram.
Q.2 b. Define the following terms with example for each using ER
notations: Entity, attribute, composite attribute, multivalued attribute,
participation role.
Module-2
Q.3 a. Discuss the update operations and dealing with constraint
violations with suitable examples.
Q.3 b. Illustrate the relational algebra operators with examples for
select and project operation.
Q.3 c. Discuss the characteristics of relations that make them different
from ordinary table and files.
Q.4 a. Perform (i) Student ∪ Instructor (ii) Student ∩ Instructor (iii)
Student − Instructor (iv) Instructor − Student on the following tables:
Student | Fname | Lname | | :---- | :---- | | Susan | Yao | | Ramesh | Shah
| | Johnny | Kohler | | Barbara | Jones | | Amy | Ford | | Jimmy | Wang | |
Ernest | Gilbert | Instructor | Fname | Lname | | :---- | :---- | | John |
Smith | | Ricardo | Browne | | Susan | Yao | | Francis | Johnson | |
Ramesh | Shah |
Q.4 b. Consider the following relational database schema and write
the queries in relational algebra expressions: EMP(ENo, EName, Salary,
Address, Phone, DNo) DEPT(DNo, DName, DLoc, MgrENo)
DEPENDENT(ENo, Dep_Name, DRelation, DAge) (i) List all the
employees who reside in 'Belagavi'. (ii) List all the employees who earn
salary between 30000 and 40000. (iii) List all the employees who work
for the 'Sales' department. (iv) List all the employees who have at least
one daughter. (v) List the department names among the managers.
Module-3
Q.5 a. Discuss the informal design guidelines for relation schema
design.
Q.5 b. Define 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF with examples.
Q.5 c. Write the syntax for INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE statements in
SQL and explain with suitable examples.
Q.6 a. Discuss insertion, deletion and modification anomalies. Why are
they considered bad? Illustrate with examples.
Q.6 b. Illustrate the following with suitable examples: (i) Datatypes in
SQL (ii) Substring Pattern Matching in SQL.
Q.6 c. Consider the two tables T1 and T2 shown below: T1 | P | Q | R | |
:- | :- | :- | | 10 | a | 5 | | 15 | b | 8 | | 25 | a | 6 | T2 | A | B | C | | :- | :- | :-
| | 10 | b | 6 | | 25 | c | 3 | | 10 | b | 5 | Show the results of the following
⋈(T1.P=T2.A AND T1.R=T2.C)T2
operations: (i) T1⋈P=A AND T1.R=T2.CT2 (ii) T1⋈T1.Q=T2.BT2 (iii) T1
Module-4
Q.7 a. Consider the following relations: Student(Snum, Sname, Branch,
level, age) Class(Cname, meet_at, room, fid) Enrolled(Snum, Cname)
Faculty(fid, fname, deptid) Write the following queries in SQL. No
duplicates should be printed in any of the answers. (i) Find the names
of all Juniors (level = JR) who are enrolled in a class taught by I. Teach.
(ii) Find the names of all classes that either meet in room R128 or have
five or more students enrolled. (iii) For all levels except JR, print the
level and the average age of students for that level. (iv) For each
faculty member that has taught classes only in room R128, print the
faculty member's name and the total number of classes he or she has
taught. (v) Find the names of students not enrolled in any class.
Q.7 b. What do understand by correlated Nested Queries in SQL?
Explain with suitable example.
Q.7 c. Discuss the ACID properties of a database transaction.
Q.8 a. What are the views in SQL? Explain with examples.
Q.8 b. In SQL, write the usage of GROUP BY and HAVING clauses with
suitable examples.
Q.8 c. Discuss the types of problems that may encounter with
transactions that run concurrently.
Module-5
Q.9 a. What is the two phase locking protocol? How does it Guarantee
serializability.
Q.9 b. Describe the wait-die and wound-wait protocols for deadlock
prevention.
Q.9 c. List and explain the four major categories of NOSQL system.
Q.10 a. What is Multiple Granularity locking? How is it implemented
using intension locks? Explain.
Q.10 b. Discuss the following MongoDB CRUD operations with their
formats: (i) Insert (ii) Delete (iii) Read
Q.10 c. Briefly discuss about Neo4j data model.
Module-1
Q.1 a. Define the following terms: (i) Database (ii) Schema (iii) Entity
(iv) DDL (v) Degree of a relationship
Q.1 b. Briefly explain characteristics of database.
Q.1 c. List and explain advantages of using DBMS approach.
Q.2 a. Define the following terms: (i) Cardinality (ii) Weak entity (iii)
Program data independence (iv) DML (v) Value sets
Q.2 b. Describe three-schema architecture. Why do we need mappings
between schema levels?
Q.2 c. Explain different types of attributes in ER model with suitable
example for each.
Module-2
Q.3 a. With suitable example, explain the entity integrity and
referential integrity constraints. Why each is considered important?
Q.3 b. Discuss equijoin and natural join with suitable example using
relational algebra notation.
Q.3 c. Given the relational tables:Employee: | EID | Name | DeptID |
Salary | | :-- | :--- | :----- | :----- | | 1 | Alice| 10 | 5000 | | 2 | Bob | 20 |
6000 | | 3 | Eve | 20 | 6500 | Department: | DeptID | DeptName |
| :----- | :------- | | 10 | HR | | 20 | IT | | 30 | Sales | Project: | PID | Project
Name | DeptID | | :-- | :----------- | :----- | | 101 | Project Alpha| 10 | | 102 |
Project Beta | 20 | | 103 | Project Gamma| 30 | Write relational algebra
expression for the following: (i) Find the names and salaries of all
employees in the 'IT' department. (ii) Find the ID's and names of
employees who are in the 'IT' department and have a salary greater
than 6000. (iii) Find the ID's and names of employees who are either in
the 'HR' department or have a salary greater than 6000. (iv) Find the
names of employees who are not in the 'IT' department. (v) Find the
names of employees along with their department names.
Q.4 a. Explain any two operations that change the state of relation in a
database. Provide suitable examples.
Q.4 b. Discuss the aggregation functions and grouping in relational
algebra with suitable examples.
Q.4 c. Given the relational tables:Student: | SID | Name | | :-- | :--- | | a
| Alice| | b | Bob | | c | Carol| Project: | PID | Project Name | | :--
| :----------- | | p | Alpha | | q | Beta | | r | Gamma | Language: | LID |
Language Name | | :-- | :------------ | | x | Python | | y | Java | | z | C++ |
Enrollment: | SID | PID | LID | | :-- | :-- | :-- | | a | p | x | | b | q | y | | c | p
| z | Write relational algebra expression for the following: (i) Rename
the student table to Learner and display it. (ii) Find the students
(learners) who are not enrolled in any project. (iii) Find the students
who are enrolled in all projects. (iv) Find the students who are not
enrolled in any project. (v) Find the students who are enrolled in both
the 'Alpha' and 'Beta' projects.
Module-3
Q.5 a. Explain Armstrong inference rules.
Q.5 b. What is the need for normalization? Explain 1NF, 2NF and 3NF
with examples.
Q.5 c. What is functional dependency? Write an algorithm to find
minimal cover for set of functional dependencies. Construct minimal
cover M for set of functional dependencies which are: E = {B → A, D →
A, AB → D}
Q.6 a. Explain the types of update anomalies in SQL with an example.
Q.6 b. Explain types of JDBC drivers.
Q.6 c. Consider the schema R = ABCD, subjected to FDs F = {A → B, B
→ C}, and the non-binary partition D1 = {ACD, AB, BC}. State whether
D1 is a lossless decomposition? [give all steps in detail].
Q.6 c. Consider the two tables T1 and T2 shown below:T1 | P | Q | R |
| :- | :- | :- | | 10 | a | 5 | | 15 | b | 8 | | 25 | a | 6 | T2 | A | B | C | | :- | :-
| :- | | 10 | b | 6 | | 25 | c | 3 | | 10 | b | 5 | Show the results of the
following operations: (i) T1⋈P=A AND T1.R=T2.CT2 (ii) T1⋈T1.Q=T2.B
T2 (iii) T1⋈(T1.P=T2.A AND T1.R=T2.C)T2
Module-4
Q.7 a. Define transaction. Discuss ACID properties.
Q.7 b. With a neat diagram, explain transition diagram of a
transaction.
Q.7 c. Demonstrate working of assertion & triggers in SQL with
example.
Q.8 a. Explain cursor and its properties in embedded SQL with suitable
example.
Q.8 b. Determine if the following schedule is serializable and explain
your reasoning: (i) T1: R(X)W(X) T2: R(X)W(X) T1: COMMIT T2: COMMIT
(ii) T1: W(X)R(Y) T2: R(X)W(Y) T1: COMMIT T2: COMMIT
Q.8 c. Consider the tables below:Sailors (sid : integer, sname : string,
rating : integer, age : real) Boats (bid : integer, bname : string, color :
string) Reserves (sid : integer, bid : integer, day : date) Write SQL
queries for the following: (i) Write create table statement for reserves.
(ii) Find the information of sailors who have reserved boat number 101.
(iii) Find the names of sailors who have reserved at least one boat. (iv)
Find the names of sailors who have reserved a red boat. (v) Find the
average age of sailors for each rating level.
Module-5
Q.9 a. Explain the CAP theorem.
Q.9 b. What is NOSQL Graph database? Explain Neo4j.
Q.9 c. Why concurrency control and recovery are needed in DBMS?
Demonstrate with suitable examples types of problems that may occur
when two simple transactions run concurrently.
Q.10 a. Explain basic operations CRUD in MongoDB.
Q.10 b. Explain deadlock prevention protocols.
Q.10 c. Briefly discuss the two-phase locking techniques for
concurrency control.
Module-1
Q.1 a. What is a Database? Explain the three schema architecture with
neat diagram.
Q.1 b. What are the advantages of using DBMS approach? Explain.
Q.1 c. Explain the following terms:
1. Data Dictionary
2. Weak Entity OR
Q.2 a. Explain the categories of Data Models.
Q.2 b. Explain component modules of DBMS & their interactions with
diagram.
Q.2 c. What are the responsibilities of DBA & database designers?
Module-2
Q.3 a. Explain the different types of update operations on relational
database. How basic operation deals with constraint violation.
Q.3 b. Explain Unary relational operations with examples.
Q.3 c. What is an Integrity Constraint? Explain the importance of
Referential Integrity Constraint. OR
Q.4 a. Explain the following relational algebra operation. JOIN,
DIFFERENCE, SELECT, UNION.
Q.4 b. Discuss the E.R to Relational mapping algorithm with example
for each step.
Q.4 c. Explain the relational algebra operation for set theory with
examples.
Module-3
Q.5 a. Illustrate insert, delete, update, alter & drop commands in SQL.
Q.5 b. Explain informal design guidelines for relational schema design.
Q.5 c. What is Functional dependency? Explain the inference rules for
functional dependency with proof. OR
Q.6 a. Consider two sets of functional dependency. F={A$\
rightarrowC,AC\rightarrowD,E\rightarrowAD,E\rightarrow$H} E*={A$\
rightarrowCD,E\rightarrow$AH}. Are they Equivalent?
Q.6 b. Explain the types of update anomalies in SQL with an example.
Module-4
Q.7 a. Demonstrate transaction states & additional operations.
Q.7 b. Demonstrate working of Assertion & Triggers in database?
Explain with an example. OR
Q.8 a. Demonstrate the System Log in database transaction.
Q.8 b. Discuss the ACID properties of database transaction.
Q.8 c. Explain stored procedure language in SQL with an example.
Module-5
Q.9 a. Explain the Two phase locking protocol used for concurrency
control.
Q.9 b. Define Schedule? Illustrate with an example.
Q.9 c. Why Concurrency control is needed? Demonstrate with an
example. OR
Q.10 a. What is NOSQL? Explain the CAP theorem.
Q.10 b. What are document based NOSQL systems? basic operations
CRUD in MongoDB.
Q.10 c. What is NOSQL Graph database? Explain Neo4j.
Module-1
Q.1 a. Explain the types of end users with examples.
Q.1 b. What are the advantages of using DBMS approach? Explain.
Q.1 c. Describe the characteristics of database. OR
Q.2 a. Explain three schema architecture. Why mappings b/w schema
levels are required?
Q.2 b. Explain the different types of attributes in ER model.
Q.2 c. Explain the following:
1. Cardinality Ratio
2. Weak Entity
Module-2
Q.3 a. Explain the different Relational Model constraints.
Q.3 b. Demonstrate the concepts of Generalization & Specialization
with examples.
Q.3 c. Explain Entity Integrity Constraint & Referential Integrity
Constraints? Why each of these is important in a database. OR
Q.4 a. Consider the Sailors-Boats-Reserves DB described s (sid,
sname, rating, age) b (bid, bname, color) r (sid, bid, date) Write each of
the following queries in SQL.
1. Find the colors of boats reserved by Alber.
2. Find all sailor ids of sailors who have a rating of at least 8 or
reserved boat 103.
3. Find the names of sailors who who have not reserved a boat
whose name contains the string "storm". Order the names in
ascending order.
4. Find the sailor ids of sailors with age over 20 who have not
reserved a boat whose name includes the string "thunder".
Q.4 b. Discuss the Equijoin & Natural Join with suitable example.
Q.4 c. Explain the relational algebra operation for set theory with
examples.
Module-3
Q.5 a. Explain the Cursor & its properties in embedded SQL with an
example.
Q.5 b. What is a Normalization? Explain the 1NF, 2NF & 3NF with
examples.
Q.5 c. Explain informal design guidelines for relational schema design.
OR
Q.6 a. What is Functional Dependency? Write algorithm to find minimal
cover for set of functional dependency. Construct the minimal cover m
for set of functional dependencies. E={ B$\rightarrowA,D\
rightarrowA,AB\rightarrow$D}
Q.6 b. Explain the types of update anomalies in SQL with an example.
Module-4
Q.7 a. Demonstrate the Database Transaction with transaction
diagram.
Q.7 b. Demonstrate working of Assertion & Triggers in database?
Explain with an example. OR
Q.8 a. Demonstrate the System Log in database transaction.
Q.8 b. Demonstrate the ACID properties of database transaction.
Q.8 c. Explain stored procedure language in SQL with an example.
Module-5
Q.9 a. Demonstrate the Two phase locking protocol used for
concurrency control.
Q.9 b. Demonstrate the Concurrency control based on Timestamp
ordering.
Q.9 c. Why Concurrency control is needed? Demonstrate with an
example. OR
Q.10 a. What is NOSQL? Explain the CAP theorem.
Q.10 b. What are document based NOSQL systems? basic operations
CRUD in MongoDB.
Q.10 c. What is NOSQL Graph database? Explain Neo4j.
