Trigonometric Functions Topic Notes B Basic Concepts of Angles @_Trigonometric Transformation Formulaeee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET BASIC CONCEPTS OF ANGLES jj TOPIC 1 | ANGLES AND THEIR MEASUREMENT Angle ‘An angle is the figure formed by two rays sharing common end-point. The two rays are colled sides of the angle, and the common end-point is called vertex of the angle. The word angle is olso used to designate the measure ofan angle aFa ratation. Also, the sides ofan angle ore called inital sides ond terminal sides. & k Ki iam lnival Side ¥, 2 EL coctntue Terminal Side We have the following conventions: Positive Angle: IF the direction of rotation is. anti clockwise, then the angle is taken os positive. Negative Angle: IFthedirection of rotation is clociise, then the anglais taken os negative Units for Measurement of Angles The two most commonly used units for measurement of angles are the following Degree Measure [An angles aid to be of 1 degree (denoted by 19 tie i (2.7 pata So, one revolution ie of 360”. One advantoge of this unit. is that many angles commen in simple geometry are measured a8 a whole number of degrees. Fractions of degree may be written in normal decimal notation (eg. 75° for seven and a half degrees) but the egree- rminute-second system is algo in use ‘Some of the comman angles are shown below: 360" Lar 8 BO CK 270% 4 A 8 ae Minutes Each dagree is divided into 60 equal porte called minutes. A measure of an angle in minutes is denoted by asingle prime 0. v=60 80,7.5* canbe colled 7 degrees and 30 minutes, written 0s 7°30" Second Each minutes further dividedinto 60 equal parts called seconds. A measure of an angle in seconds is denoted by a double prime (*). o" So, an ongle of 2 degree § minutes 30 seconds is written os 2° 5° 30. ‘The division of degrees into minutes and gecands of ‘angle is analogous to the division of hours into minutes ‘and seconds of time. Radian Measure An angle is scid to be 1 radian (denoted by 1 rad) ifthe length of orcis equal to the radius of the circle. But the radian notation is frequently omitted. So, any ‘measure of angle without units means that the angle isin gion, ‘The angles that measures 1 radian (1°) and =1 radian (19 are shown below: Relation between Degree and Radian Consider a circle of radius r. Then. the angle (in radian) subtended by the cirele at the centre is given by Also, the angle (in degrees) subtended by the circle at the centreis 360°, which implies 360° = 2n radianWe now Uist some frequently used angles in degrees ond radiona Bamaeal] o [sor [as [cor | oor [azo [ase ts 4/)2)2|2 |) ae | me Radin o| = | =) = an | a Degrees | 150° | 160° | 225" | 270° | 315° sn . sn a lk fodione a) | 2 Ft important Raton meanae 3 x Dire rion = Degree meses 22 «tonnes Conversion from Degree Measure to Radians step. Convert the seconds (F given) into rrinutes by using the relation minutes or 1° = i) 1 1 second = Step ll. Convert the total minutes (given minutes + rminues obained in step I into degrees by using the relation second = 2 degree or 1 a ‘Step Il Convert the totol degrees (given degree + degree obtained in step Il into radians by using the relation Redian measure = == Degree measure 80 Ilustration: Convert 240? into radians. upr40 rod Conversion from Radian Measure to Degree Step. Convert given radian into degree by using the ron (se r= 22) 180, radion measure ‘Step Il. Convert the fraction part (oboined in Step ) into minutes by using the relation Degree measu EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ee 1° = 60" or 1 dagree = 60 min, ‘Step If fraction is again obtained in step Il then convert it into second by using the relation 1’ = 60" and 1 min = 60 seconds Example 1.4: Find the radian measures corresponding to the following degree measures 47° 30 INCERT] Ans. As we know thot 180° = x radian sa ioe ond Ga 0° »-(Z) Given, - 47° 30" = - (47° + 30) 20° = (4 (+3 nat =-(37+4) --() ~ 2 (2) 2 Raton measure= 75> x degre meosire _. (25) * Tao “(2 28 OD n19% = BE ration Example 1.2: Find the rodian measures corresponding tothe following degree measures: @) 25° @ 240 © S20 (ncerr] ‘Ans. (A) We know that 180° = x radian 2 redion Tae 25%= S25 radian Teo = 2 radians x () We know that 180° = x radian a= radianee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET 240°= 2. «240 radion i = i $x rasions (©) We know that 180° = x radian 1°= Fi radon 520°= a5 520 26x = 78 yodians 3 Example 1.3: If in two circles, orcs of the same length subtend angles 60° and 75° at the centre, find the ratio of their radi. INCERT] Ans. We know that, (= 10 Thera ore 2 circies of different radius. 0, the radius be denoted by r, and ry Length ofan arcef Length ofan are of 1* circle 4 circle leis given that ores ore oF same length. Hence, Length of 1® are = length of 2 are Sk nye Bane 3S a Hence, $0, ratio of their radii = 5:4 Example 1.4: Find the degree measure of the ongle subtended at the center of a circle of radius 100 em by on ore of length 22 em. (Use x= 22) INceen] Ans. We know that in a circle of rodius r unit, fan are cof length {unit eubtends on angle @ radian at the center, then Therefore, r= 100 m,(= 22cm, we hove a= 7 degree i100 As we know thot a= radian eo" 1 radian = 280° 2 a= 2 degree 00 “9 180 22 ae. 5 scares _ 180x722 = “paxi0o 4*9"88 128 = Tp degree 3 0 ag = 122 degree = 12°36 ‘Thus, the required ongle ls 12° 36° Example 1.5: Find the ongl Which o pendulum swings if its r the tip describe an arc of length. 10cm @ 15cm © 21cm INCERT] Ans. We know that in a circle of radius r unit, an arc of length ( unit aubtends and angle 0 radian ot the center, then radian through Is 75 em and leis given that. r= 75am (A) Here, (= 10cm, o i di = Brasion (@ Here, l= 15cm 1s 1 02 radion = $ radians (©) Here, (= 21cm a 7 9 = & rodion = 3 radians Example 1.6: A wheel makes 360 revolutions in fone minute. Through how many radians does it ‘turn in one second? INCERT] Ans. Number of revolutions made by the wheel in 1 minute = 360ee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET Mul 1 Ans. Number of revolutions made by the wheel in 360 Laecond = 382 60 In one complete revolution, the wheel turns an revolutions per second ongle of 2n radon. Hence, in 6 complete revolutions, it will turn an ongle of 6 x 2x radian, ie, 12x radian Thus in one second, the wheel tums an angle of, 12 radian. OBJECTIVE Type Questions [1 mack } le Choice Questions ‘A wheel rotates, making 18 revolutions per second. if the radius of the wheel is 49 cm, what linear distance does point of its rim ‘travel in threa minutes? (Take x = 22/7) (0) 9.97 kon (b) 9.90 km (© 9.80 lan (@) 9.85 kn © 997 km Explanation: Radius of the wheel = 49 em Circumference of the whet 2m x 49 cm = 308cm 3 Hence, the linear distance travelled by a point of the rim in one revolution = 308 cm. Number of revolutions made by the wheel in 3 minutes Le. 180 secands = 18 x 3 x 60= 3240 The linear distance travelled by o point of the rim in 3 minutes 108 x 3240 = 997920 em =997 km. The angle of a triangle ore in A.P. and the ratio of angle in degree of the least to the angle in radians of the greatest is 60 : x, find ‘the angles in degrees. (@) 30°, 603, 90° (b) 40", 605, 90° (@) 20%, 130%, 30° ‘Ans. (0) 30° 60° 90° Explanation: Let. the anglea of the triangle are, (e-.c% and (a+ 4", Then.a-d+a+a+ So, the angles are (60 ~ d)® (60%, (60 + a), Here, (60 - d)* is the least ongle and (60 + o)* is the greatest ongle. Now. greater angle = (60 + o)* = {oot} a ‘number of degrees in the least angle the greatest angle Ans. 180(60-d) _ 60 = x(60+d) ~ = 4d=120 = d=30 Hence, the angles are (60 ~ 30)%, 60°. (60 + 30)° ie, 30°, 60%, 90° The large hand of a clock is 49 cm long. How much distance does its extremity move in 30 minutes? (@ 154cm (©) 80cm (© 75em @ 77cm (@) 154.em Explanation: The large hand of the clock makes 0 complete revolution in 60 minutes. Angle rotated in 60 minutes = 360° Angle troced out by the lorge hand in 30 minutes (of time) 36030 60 = 180° 180° "180° = radian Hence, the distance moved by the extremity of ‘the large hand rradion lerxo 2 49 en=49 x 22 = 1540m 7 The radius of the circle whose are length 45x em makes on angle of 2 radion at the centre is: @ 10cm © 20cm 1 1 @ ude ( 2% cm —(Diksho)Ans. (b) 20cm Explanation: Given, are of length = 15x em and angle oe2t a Length ofan arc of a circle ie given by larxd Where, (=length of are += radius of acircle 8 =angle an Snare po 1SExd rs r=20em Hence, the radius of a circle ls 20 cm. 5. The radius of the circle in which @ central angle of 30° intercepts an arc of length 22.cmis: (Use (@) 43cm (©) 42cm Ans. () 42cm Explanation: Here, = 22 em and 0= 30° = = We know that length of an arc of circle is given by L rea a 2x8 22x8%7 2 =42em 6. The angle in the radian through which o Pendulum swings its length is 80 cm and tip describes on are of length 20 em is: 1 2 @ 5 Oe 3 4 Ox Ox Ans df 5 Explanation: Given, length of pendulum = 20m Radius (7) = length of pendulum = 80 em Length of are (= 20 om l As we know that, O= = 201 e radion 30° 4 EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ee 7. The angle between the minute and hour honds of a clack at 8 : 30 (@) 80° &) 75° (© 60° (@ 108° [Diksho} Ans. (b) 75° Explanation: We know that the hour hand of a clock completes one rotation in 12 hours. ‘Angle traced by the hour hond in 12 hours = 360" Now, Angle traced by the hour hand in 8 hours 30 360 290 ° rien. (220%) «5 fea = (2s feo Required angle between twa hands of the clock = 255° ~ 180° = 75° Assertion Reason Questions Direction: In the following questions, @ statement of ‘Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following cholees. (@) Both (A) and (R) ore true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (b) Both (A) and (R) ore true but) isnot the correct explanation of (A). © @istrue but (Ris flse ©) @)is false but (Ris true 8, Assertion (A): The radius of the circle in which a central angle of 60° Intercepts an arc of length 44 emis 42 em. Length of an are of a circle is = 1, where r is non-italic angle. ‘Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (®) is the correct explanation of (A) Reason (R}: Solana: Here = 44cm and0= 60» Z ‘As we know that [210ee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET CASE BASED Questions (CBQs) [4&5 mars] Read the following passages and answer the ‘questions that follow: 9. Nitish is playing with @ Pinwheel toy which he bought fiom o village foir. He noticed that the pinwheel toy revolves as fast as he blows it Consider the Pinwheel toy that makes 360 revolutions per minute. (A) Find the number of revolutions made by inwheel toy in 120 second. ®) Find the number of revolutions made by Pinwheel toy in 1 sec and angle made by Pinwheel toy (in degree) in 6 revolutions. (©) Find the radiue of the circle in which a central angle of 60° intercepts an arc of 22 length 27.4 em. (Use n = 22 ‘Ans. (A) Since the number of revolutions made by Pinwheel toy in 1 minute = 360 And L min = 60 seconds So, the number of revolution made by Pinwheel toy in 60 seconds = 360 The number of revolution made by Pinwheel 360 toyin 1 second = 3° Number of revolutions made by Pinwheel 360%120 toy in 120 seconds = 220%270 720 © The number of revolution made by Pinwheel 360 toy in 1 seconds = => =6 Since, angle made by Pinwheel toy in 1 revolutions = 360% Thus, ongle made by Pinwheel toy in 6 revolutions = 360° « 6 = 2160° (© Given, Length of the arc = [= 374m 60xx Central ongle = 0 = 60° = P** radian radians =357cm Hence, the radius of the circle is 35.7 em. 410. Consider o unit circle with centre O. Let A be any Point an the circle Consider O A as the initial side of an angle. Then the length of an arc of the circle will give the radian measure of the angle hich the are will subtend at the centre of the circle A circle subtends on angle at the centre whose radian measure is 2 x and its degree measure is 360° (A) The radian measure of 240° Ie: az 2s oF oF Sn x oF OF (©) A wheel makes 360 revolutions in one minute, Through how many radians does itturn in one second? (@) 6r (0) 4 © 3n @ 128ee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET (©) The degree measure of 1.2 radi (@ 68" (b) 69°43°37.8" (© 68°45'36" —(d) 58°4627" (©) The radius of the circle in which a central angle of 45° intercepts an are of 132 cm, 2 Usen = 2 (@ 168em —(b) SO.em (© 160em ——(d) 148.cm © The minute hand of a watch is 35 cm long. How far does it move in minutes? (@) 15cm (b) 30cm (© 46cm (6) 33m 4n ‘Ans. (8) () Explanation: As vee know thot 180° = x radian t= Fe ration Radian measure of 240° = 240 x —* 180 ax “a © 12% Explanation: Given that a wheel makes 360 revolutions in 1 rinute ie, 0 wheel mokes 360 revolutions in 60 seconds. 360 In 1 second, na. of revolutions = 282 60 = 6 revolutions In 1 revolution the angle made by the wheel = 360° ‘Angle made by the wheel in 6 revolutions 360° = 2160" Radian made in 6 revolutions = 2160% fo 180° 2n (© 6043378" Explanation: As we know that, 180° = « radion 180° y= (:203) radian = =12. 2,7 2 =687272° = 68° (0.7272 « 60 = 68° 43(0.63 « 60)" = 68° 43378" ©) (0) 168.em Explanation: We have, = 132m ond 0 45° = 48 (2132 emond 0-45" = 45 « =k 1132 Now, = 168m © (933em Explanation: The angle made by minute hand in minutes = (9 = 6)° 54° x ae i730 e 2s 2 3 33m (VERY SHORT ANSWER Type Questions (VSA)) [1 mark] 1A. Convert the following decimal-degree to degree minute second measures: 15,5757" Ans. 155757° = 15°+05757° = 15° (05757 x 60) = 15°4 34542" 2194 94"40542" 15°+ 34" + (0542 « 60)" = 19°4 94° + 3252" Sea adr 39" 5°34 33"C SHORT ANSWER Type-! Questions (SA-I) ) (2 marie] 12. Convert following radian measure into degree 120 raion = 2 380 =-(2x%) 20%7 =) (=) “AGT =-12727° 413, Find the radius of the circle in which a central ‘angle of 30° intercepts on arc of length 2 66 em. (Use x= F) ‘Ans. Given that, length of are, (= 66 em and central congle, 0 = 30° Anate(0)= (30%255) raion (where 8 i in radion) 8x67 2 = 126 em SHORT ANSWER Type-!l Questions (SA-II) ( 3 marie] 14, The circular measures of two angles of a A Se pd 7 i triongle are > and 5, find the third angle in the degree measure. fra As two og organ os Land} ron sa 866 (}282) -(Ft82s0 Jetot0® gradion= 3x" J (3x55 Now as we know that sum of all the angle con 28.66 + 19.10 +x = 180 (Let the third angles be x) ats 13291533" x= 13218" 126" LONG ANSWER Type Questions (LA) [4&5 mars] 15. The moon's distance from the oar om and its diameter subtends an angle of 31° tat the eye of the observer. Find the diameter of the moon. is 360,000 Ans. Lat 48 be the diometer of the moon and let E be the eye of the observer. Since the distance between the earth ond the maon is quite large, s0 we take diameter AB are arc AB, Let d be the diameter of the moan. Then, d = ore AB.We hove cond += 360000 kms g, Moon “Tadius "A ai eo 60 "180 ~ 360000 = d= (22x «360000 km ares E = 3247.62 kms owas (22) (2. Hence, the diameter ofthe moon is 3247.62 km. 60) “(é0*ie0ERE EEE EEE EIDE EIDE EEE EEE EEE EE IEE EE EE EEE EE ET TRIGONOMETRIC TRANSFORMATION FORMULAE TOPIC 1 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS In earlier classes, we have studied trigonometric ratios (for acute angles) a8 the ratio of sides ofa right-angled tviongle, To recall. there ore six trigonometric ratios defined os follows: O sino @ coseco = 4 (iy coso= 3 60 oocoe 9 tano= E (a cores 2 Where 8 is the acute angle, P is the perpendicular, 8 is the base and H is the hypotenuse of the right. ‘angled triangle. We will now extend the definition oF iganometric ratios to any angle in terms of radian ‘measure and study them as trigonometric functions. Consider o system of coordinate axes with origin at 0 Also, consider a unit circle with centre at O. For each real number 8, let P (a,b) be the point on the circle such thot OP makes an angle 6 (measured anticlockwise) \with the positive direction of x~ axis, os shown in figure We define, Sine Function (denoted by sinjos sin 8 = y- coordinate of point P Cosine Function Genoted by cos) as cos 0= x- coordinates of point P. From figure itis clear that the coordinates of the paint A.B, Cand D are (1 0). (0, 1)[email protected]) and (0.~3) We observa the following: sin 0 =y- coordinate of point A = 0 ~ coordinate of point A = 1 sin © =y- coordinate of point 8= 1 5 Pe cos E 2x coonateof point l= 0 sine =y-cooatenef pont =0 cose =x~ coordinate of pointe==1 =y~ coordinate of point D =~ 1 an cos 5 = x- coordinated of point D = 0 We observe thot. y~ coordinates of the points A and C are 0. So, Sin@=0. for =0.4n,428,£3%, ie, sin@=0, when 9 is an integrat multiple of x Also. we observe that. x coordinotes of the points B cond D are 0. ae Se $0, «os0=0, foroas 5.4 Ea F 2 ie, 08 0=0, when Os an odd multiple of = 2 sind=0 Rwheren €Z cos0=0 = enn en E wena? We naw define other trigonometric functions in terms of sine and cosine functions: Cosecant Function (denoted by cosec) defined os — coordinates of point P” Where, 021 «(form € 2)ee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET Secant Function (denoted by eee) is defined os seco= — z cos” ¥-coordnate oP pont” Where.0# (n+) (forme. Tangent Function (denoted by tor) is defined os sind _ y-coordinates of point P 2080” x-eoordinates of point wner,0#(2n-3) E forme Cotangent Function (denoted by cot)is defined os 080 _ x-coordinates of point Sin y=coordinates of point Where, 02 x form € 2. From above definitions, we can have the following table: coto (0° 30° 45° 60° 90° 180° 270° 360° 1/26 an 0 5 |e i[41 0 |-1| 0 2|Blz li}i Bo 2/3 ]2]e[alo [= ale tan B 1 | fe lad 0 nao ai 2 bind 1 [na 2/, Me 2 | 2] a) 2 |na| 2 foe | 2 |" | 1 i) cot ond V3 [1 [0 ind nd. Here, nd’ means that the trigonometric function le not definad at that value. We know that, one complete revolution subtends on angle of 27 radian at the cantre af the circle. we take one complete revolution from the paint P, we again come back to the same point P. Thus, we observe thatif Bincreases (or decreases) by on integral multiple of 2x, the value of sine and cosine functions de nat change. Hence, sin2nx +6) = sind, for alla © Z And cos(2nx +0) = c080,for all eZ By definition of other four trigonometric functions, we hove 1 kh se ~ sin(2nx+@) sin® = coset cosec (2nr +6) it sec(amn + 8) = Ey sin(2nn-+0) tonne « nest cot (ann eg) = Selene), in(ne+e) sin Henee, we con summarise the results 08 follows: Sngmaeneg) sane fsrallwiez cas(n x 360° +6) = cov foralln eZ cosecin x 360° + 8) = cosec 6 for alln < Z seein = 360° + 0)= sec Ofer all eZ tanfr6tr £9) Stan 8 ferro rez cot(n x 360° +6) = cat for alln eZ Periods of Trigonometric Functions We choll now understand the meaning of a periodic function. In simple words, a periodic function is 0 function that repeats its values in regular incervals or periods Periodic Function ‘function f: D-» Ris said to be periosie if there exists «© non-zero real number @ such that F (+ 0) = Fe) for al xed. Period of a Periodic Function Let F: D -> R be a periodic function. The least positive real number p such that F(r+ 0) =F() forall x e Dis called period of f From the discussion in the previous subsection, itis cleor that ll trigonometric functions are periodic functions with periad 2x Signs of Trigonometric Functions Let us now find the signs of the trigonometric functions for different volues of ® in their respective domains. We ‘observe that the signs of these functions depend on the quadrant in which 8 es, For exemple in | quadrant (.2.0,< 5) andi quadrant Ge. F <2) they-coordinate of point Pie postive So, by definition, sin xis positive, an. ut in il quadrant (Le < 0 < =) and IV quadrant Ge. © <0.<2m,they-coordnate of point Pisnegative So, by definition, sin xis negative. Similarly, we can find the signs of other trigonometric functions in different quadrants.yp EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ‘The final rasult hos been summarised in the following table: 1 w Ww wv Quadrant Quadrant Quadrant Quadrant in, coset + - - ‘tan 8, aoe | + | * | + = oe | = cs + sod ‘One way to remember which functions are positive ‘and which ore negative in the various quadrants i to remember a simple four-leter aeronym, ASTC. This ocronym can remind you that All ore positive in the | quadrant, Since is postive in Il quadrant. Tangent is positive in ll quadrant and cosine is positive in IV quadrant. This acronym could standfor After School To College. or ‘Add Sugor To Coffee) some other four-word expression that wil help you remember the relationships y Example 2.1: Find the values of other five 3 trigonometric functions if sin x = 2, x es in the second quadrant. Ans. Since, x isin iM quadrant. So, sin will be positive but cos and tan will be INCERT] negative, Here. sinx= 2 *s We know that, sin?x+ cos? x=1 (free ‘As, x lias in the IP? quadrant and cos x is negative in i quadrant. tan x = cotx= Example 2. function casee (- 1410%) Ans, Given, cosect- 1410") As sin () ind the value of the trigonometric INceRT] $0, cosec x) cosec (- 1410°) cosec (14109) coves (14105) 780, eeee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET (3) Example 2.4: Find the value of the trigonometric ¢ function in (244). (NcERT] «eee (#4-4,) : Ane. cven sn (225) coe) ee 1x Volues of cosee xrepects ater on interval of 25. oo sintl Hence ignoring 4x (2) 2 wae (-4s) =-sn(32 =-cosee (-35 i =-sn (4x44) =-cosee(-4.200") 3 s Values of sin x repeats after an interval of 2x. ~cosec (- 30°) Hence, ignoring 4 x ie. 2 * (2n) == (cose 309 a = cosec 30° --sn (2s) 1 = =a Sein Example 2.3: Find the value of the trigonometric function tan 22%, INcERT] =2 3 2 198 Example 2.5: Find the values of other five ‘Ans. Given. trigonometric function is ton—* i By a ‘wigonometric functions ifeec x= =>, x ies in fourth 1 quadrant. (NCERT] eae ‘Ans. Since, x iss in the IV" quadrant. cos will be 7 postive But sin and ton wal be negative =ton(ox+4s) We know that 1+ tan? x= sec? x =ton (3(2)+45) ie (e) Values of tan x repeats after on interval of 2n. OMS Hence ignoring 3» (28) 1 (ay 2 tants (2) -1 zen (2x) vent xe 121 =ton(3160") 38 5 ates 18228 = tan 60° x= 35 28 tstoneor—s5} conte BLee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET Since, xis in IV quadrant. tan x is negative in IV quadrant. tan x= =12 1 cotxs eS tonx= 2% sin x= (ton) = (C083) 22,5 sD 212 7B 1-3 SOE ne 2 Example 2.6: Case Based: In the school project Pankaj was asked to construct @ triangle and name itas ABC. Based on the above information answer the following questions (A) The value of cos A + sin Bie s 99 o 3 wo o2 os (8) The value of sin (A + 8) is: oz o2 9 8 43 © o# (C) The value of cos (A + B) is: o@ -# © -2 19 6s o -# o- © The value ofsinia - 8) o 2 oz oz (© The value of cos(A - 8) is: 65 63 of o8 2 n o2 o2 4 cack Ans Given, sn=Z.ocack cos = Vincint a Aliesin 1st quadrant} ond {= Blesin 1st quadrant] : (3) 35 73) * 169 fsa 2 16913EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET 99 Ae Ss Explanation: cos A+ sin 56 Bes 20 36 Ss 6 Explanation: sina ai 65 5°13°13's 20, 36_56 3 Bass Oe 3 233 Explanation: Ow a Pl Explanation: cos (AB) = C00 cos 8 + sin Asin B cos (A + 8) = cos A cos 8-sinAsin® 35 4,12 as'1 ———— 15,48 _ 63, 65 65 65 65°65 64 TOPIC 2 | GRAPH OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION Trigonometric Functions of Sum and Difference of Two Angles ‘Trigonometric Function of Some Aled Angles in Terme of 0. sin cos ton cot sec cosec wsind | cosa | -ton@ | cota | sec | -cosecd cose | tina | scora tana | teosece | cece fein | -cos@ | tton® | teota | teecd | Zcoseco ‘an Fse -c50 | sino | Foote — Ftand | Fooseco | Feecd Qn£0) tsind | cosa | stand | teora | seco | +coseco Trigonometric function of Compound Angles 1. sin(4 +8) =sin A cos 8 + cos A sin 3. cos(A +8) = cos AcosB~ sin Asin B 2. sin(A-B)=sin A cos B- cos A sin 4. cos(A-B) = cos A cosB + sin sing ee5 tan(A aya tanAt tons i-tanAtono ton A~tonB venga aye tA tan © ton (4- Tyan tan cot AcotB—-1 7 CORA Bm Av cate cot Acot B+ cot(A=B)= At AcoLB+ a eat(A=8) ‘cot B-cot A Transformation Formulae In this topic, we deal with mainly two types of ‘transformation. 1L. Transformation of product into sum or difference. 2. Transformation of sum or difference into product. Transformation of Product into Sum or Difference + 2sin A cosB=sin(A+B)+sin(A-B + 2cos Asin 8=sin (A +8)~sin (4-8) + 2cosA cos: = 08 (A+) + c08 (A~B) + 2sin A sin 8 = cos (A~B)~cos (A+B) Transformation of Sum or Difference Into Product } -( ) eee . snassng aan 8 zy Trigonometric Functions of Multiple Angles + cos2A=cos?A-sin?A= + sin2A=2sinAcos AsO Letan? A © tan? Aan intan? A EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ee + sin3A=2sinA~4cin2A + cos3A=4c08?A-3cos A Trigonmetric Functions of Sub-Multiple Angles + onsnent}- (3) ap 2 sinx=2sin% cos 3, tanx Trigonometric Ratios of Some Specific Angles 3, cos36*= 4, sin36°=cos54ee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET Domain and range of trigonometric functions Ee ‘TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS. y= coseer Domain =R- jax. neZ} ystonx jomain =R-|(2n+ 1) © ne: p< R-{(2n+ N>.neZ| Range =R Value of T-Function for some Particular Angles inctions hens fin cos tan cot sec cose o ° 1 0 | notdefined | 1 notdefined rr 2-3 243 | Va(3-1) | V2(v3 +1) s 1 = 2 > 3 3 = a z = * 1 1 a a 4 a = 3 1 1 2 3 7 ” S 2 3 £ 1 0 | notdefned | 0 | notdefned | x ° - 0 | not defined not defined a © | notdefined | «0 nat defined 1 2x ° 1 0 | notdefined | 1——__nokdefinedEERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET Signs of Trigonometric Functions in Different Quadrants ¥, Nquodrone($ cot 3x cot 2x + eat 3x ent x= cot 2x cot x= 1 > cot xcot 2x- cot 2x cot 3x- cot 3x cot: LHS =RHS Example 2.13: Prove that: nx(1-tan? x tnd x= Atanx(i-tan? x) 1-6ton? xe tan?x Ans. LHS = ton4x=tan2(2x)=—280024_ 1-ton? 2 2tanx Teton? x 2ranx 1-[-2nx (225 tan x ioton? x (tan? x)? —4 tan? ton x(1=ton? x) Teton! x—2ton? x—4 tan? x _ Aton x(=tor?) eye 1-6ton? x+ton® x Hence, proved. Example 2.14: Prove tha cos 4x = 1-8 sin® x cos? x. Ans. LHS. = cos 4x = 1-2 sin? 2x = 1 - 2(sin 24)? 0s 2e= 1-2 sin? 2x cost} = 2(2 in x c08 »)? -8sin 2xcos?x =RHS fe sin 2sin x cos. Hence, proved. Example 2.15: Prove that: cos 6x = 32 cos® x - 48, cos‘ x4 18 cos? x-1 Ans. LHS. = 095 6 = cos 2 (3%) cos? 3x=1=2 (cos 2)?=1 (cos 20= 2 cos?0-1) = 2(4 cos? x-3 cosx)?-1 (: c030= 4.08703 cos) (16 cos® x +9 cos? x 24 cost x) -1 12 cos® x- 48 cos‘ x + 18 cos 2x-1 Hence proved. Example 2.16: Ifx sin? @ + y cos? 0 = sin @ cos 0 ‘and x sin 0 = y cos 0 then find the value of x? + y ‘Ans. Given, x sin® 6 + y cos® 8 = sin 9 cos O 0 xsin@=y cosa sing ayer SS @ Putting in), xsin?o+x 9 cos} o=sinacose cos > xsin? 0+x-sin 0 cos? 0 sin 0 cos 0 xin 0 (sin? @ + cos? 6) x (in? 04 cos? 6) Ir sin? 0 + cos? a= 1} > x=cos0 Putting the value of xin (, we get y=sind = F4y7=sin?0 +0070 =1 Examplo 2.17: Find the value of sec? 0 + cose? 0. Ans. ay i costo sino sec? 8+ cosec? sin? 04+ cos” 9Example 2.48: x sin © cos? = Ane. x in45* cos? gor = 22% 60" e000 20° e 2 ‘s0c 45° cot” 30° Nl) etnies ek ( ) ( ) Bais OBJECTIVE Type Questions [1 mak] Multiple Choice Questions 4. fain 0+ cosec 0 = 2.then sin? O + cosec? 0 is > tan(0+4)=ton F [ tong equal to: @)1 (b)4 = O+ ©) 2 (d) None of these INCERT Exemplar] 3. What is the value of tan 75°? Ans. (c) 2 ie a Vae1 Explanation: According to the question ) et sin 8 + cosec 0 = 2 3 On squaring both sides we get. ‘3 3 (Gin + cosec ey oo Wea [Delhi Gov. QB 2022) > sin? 0 + cosec* 0.4 2 sin @cosec a= 4 2 2 a meat kal 2 os > sin? 9 + cosec? 0 + = in: is CORE: Explanation: tan 75' in(45° + 30°) 2. tWtano= 2 ondton >= 4, then the volue of _Eapond the above expression using ton stand 0 +9: identity tan (A+ @) = 0A ton “ Kdeneiy ton (A +B 1-tonAtan® OE Or So, ton 75? = tan(4s* + 309, x + tan4ststanso* ao Os on 78" = Fan Stan 30° INCERT Exemplar] 7 wt 1s. zg 3 Ans. () = Explanation: According to the question “a 1 1 ono 4 ondtong= 4 Ga We know that. aa ° ton 0s tong v2 tonsa) = Snetene, What is the value of sin 75°? (On puting the values. we get w Ba 5 2N2 a = “1 s @ 3 6 Vet [Delhi Gov. Qe 2022) EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET eeEERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ans. Se and conx=cot (4) Explonotion: cos xecost® sin 75° = nS? +309 =e08y sinG+y) wsinzeony + comxsiny Ueind wonpes$ Big in Ul quadrant. Bue ton fs tan invent quadrant] Now. wats 24+ ‘on(+ = onas-ton 9. Ifsin 0 + cos 0 = 4, then the value of sin 20 is equal to: 1 (o) 1 o> jo @2 [Dethi Gov. Q8 2022) Ans. () 0 Explanation: Given, sin 0 + cog > (ein 0 + cos oy = sin?9 + cos%6 +2 cin 8 cos > L+sin 2021. > sin 28=1-1=0 40. If cos x + /3 sin.x=2, then the value of x is: @: oF of @ = {Dish} ans. ) £ Explanation: Given, cos x+V3sinx=2 Lom Bawa 4 Poors sneat 0 This equotion i ofthe forma coex + bsinx= ¢ Whereo=1.b= V3 andc=2 Let Now cos aandb=sina Lercosa, V3 =rsina avo? +6) a ond, tena= In eq. @ we get nea(e-3) =2 coo(x-Z} =4 cos{x-) = co00 x3 22nn 20 a x= Qnne® a forn=0, = 3 xy 414, The value of tan 75*~ cot 75° is: @ 23 ©) 2403 © 2-8 (@) 1 [NCERT Exemplar) Ans. (0) 213 Explanation: We have, ton 75° ~ cot 75° sin 78" _ cos?! os 75° sin 75° sin? 75° cos? 75° = 2cot 150° 2 cot (180° - 309 cot 30° = 23412. tf a+ P=, then value of (1 + ton a)(1 + ton p) @ 1 (2 © 2 (@) Not defined [Dethi Gov. 98 2022} Ane. (0) 2 Explanation: tan(a+ B)= to = tona+tonB | i-tanactonp ~ > tona+tonp+tonatanp=1 > 1 +tona+ ton p+ tonatanp=2 > (1 + tan a)(d + ton p)=2 Assertion Reason Questions Direction: Inthe following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices. (@) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of 4), (©) jis true but (R) is false. @) )iefolse but R) is true. 413. Assertion (A): Value of sin 270)" is 3. Reason (R): sin (180° +0) =-sin 8 ‘Ans. (0) Both (A) ond (R) are rue ond Ris the covrect explanation of (A) 270%) =~ sin (180° + 90%) 14. Assertion (A): The value of 0 = a when 6 les between (0, 2x) and Reason (R}: sin 0 is positive in the first ond ‘second quadrant. ‘Ans. (9) (A) is false but (2) is true 3 Explanation: Given, sin? = > a e=F 3B ssino= or 3 Case t: When sin = “2 EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ee csin(r+ 8) orsin(2n- b= +8 or eZ +5 a on Sor 58 = “3 3 Hence, sin? a O 3737373" 45. Let sec 0 + tan 8 = m, where OOand ton <0 0 Les in the fourth quadrant. toneton _m?-1/2m Also. sin @ = tan @ cos 32c0 mst /am mnt mat 416. Let « be @ real number lying between 0 and E and nbe a positive integer. i Pp ge Assertion (A): tana +2tanda +2?tan 2? a+ 2 ton a + 2" cot 2" a Feota Reason (R): cot a~ tana =2 cot 2a. ‘Ans. (0) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (4) Explonation: 2 Given, cot a-tana=—1_~tana=2=to tone tone Aston? a = 2] E80) acoe 2a (Sets) From here, we getton u = cota~2 cot 2a Making repeated use of this identify. we sholl btain tana +2ton2a+2%ton 2a +_+2™+ tan 2! a+ Pcot2"a = (cota. 2 cot 2a) + 2(cot 24 ~2 cot 2? a) + 2? (Cot 2? a -2cot 2a) +42"! (cot 4 a-2 cot 2" a) + 2" eot a= cote 17, Assertion (A): The value of sin (-690°) cos 300") + cos (-750°) sin (-240%) a1 The value of sin and cos is negative in the third and fourth ‘quadrant respectively. ‘Ans. (€) (A) is true but (R) is false. Explanation: cin 690%) =- sin 690” == sin (2 « 360° - 30") Reason (R): (~sin 30°) = 2 05 (-300% = cos 300° = cos (360° - 60°) = cos60" cos (-750% = cos 750° = cos (2 x 360° + 30") sin (-6909) cos (-3009 + cos (-7509 sin Oe EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ee 48, IFA +8 C= 180°, then Aesetion®: cos? A con? 8 one? 2 = 2084 cos 2 sin 23D Reason (R): cos C+ cos D om (S32) om(£2) ‘Ans. (0) Goth (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (4). Explain: Gn cos? en _Lscos A 14cos8_1+cosC am) 2 2 = L#(cosA+cosB- cos) 2 Now,cos A +cos B= cos = 2e00 48 -sesfithf5- rouse e8h vulo)-€) From ond (i), we get 0 LHS ofthe given identity 2CASE BASED Questions (CBQs) [4&5 mars] Read the following passages and answer the ‘questions that follow: 49. Sudhir who is a student of clase XI got a Maths ossignment from his class teacher. He did oll the questions except a few IFthe value 3 2 of sinx= = and cosy=—T7, where x and y both le in the second quadrant. then help Sudhir in solving these questions. (A) What will be the value of cos x? 4 3 oe oF “4 3 oF oz ©) What willbe the value of sin y? 5 -2 os op = 5 eg oF (©) Which of the following options is correct? (@) sin (= y)= sin xeosy + eosxsiny (©) sin (+4) = cosxsin y-sinx cooy 9 sin (e+y)= sin xcosy + cosxsiny ©) singe-y (©) The value of sin (c+ y) is: inxsin y~cosxcos y 56 56 oe OR $5 35 OF OF © The value of sin 75° is: @ 1-8 13 On Oe 15 2 1-3 =, () oF © ~ Ans. (8) () = - 2 Bplanaone Gian since? As we know that cos = 1 = sin? Thus, ‘Since x Ues in secand quadrant cos xis negative 5 GOR Explanation: Given, As we know that Since, y lies in second quadrant sin yis posive sings & vrs © @sin («+ y) = sin xcos y + cos xsiny Explanation: Trigonometric funetion of ‘campound angle singe sy) = sin xeos y+ cos x sin y56 Ooy Explanation: ‘Aa we know that sin («+ y) = sin x cos y + cos.xsin y me HEBHGHE) 56 s = sin 30° cos 45° + 008 30° sin 45° 148 1 a8 2/2 2 j2 wW2 4 5 consider simA=* and cos8== where 20. Conside = ond =u o cosAs 1-sin? A fr Alies in 1st quadrant] And ~ h{S “Vlas fiaa_12 2 anos 2 3,12 _39460_99 c08 A+ sing =2422_39+60 99 S‘is” 6s 6s ©) cos (A+B) = cos A cos B~ sin Asin 8 20-36 6 65 (VERY SHORT ANSWER Type Questions (VSA)) [1 mark] 24, facos@+b sin d= mandasin8-bcos8=n then chow that a? +b? =m? +n? INCERT Exemplar] ‘Ans. Given, 0.0088 +b sin@ =m 0 ond asine-beosd=n @ (On squaring and adding oF eqs () ond (9, we get m+n? =(0cos0+b sind)? + (osin0-b cos 0)? => m4 nt aa? cos? 0+ 6 sin?0 + 2ab cos 0 sin 0 4.07 sin? 0 + B? cox’ > mn? =a? (cos? 0 + sin’ 6) +b? (gin? 0+ cas") = 2ab sin 0 cos0 = mtntaa+b? Hence, proved. 22. Find the value of sin(- 240°). ‘Ans. sin® (~ 240%) = ~ sin 240" in (180° + 60) (sin 609) = sin 60°23. Find the value of tan 22° 307, INCERT Exemplar] ameter 22302 e=as tan 22° 30° = Hence, tan 22° 30" = v2—1 24, Find the value of cos? 75° - cos* 15% Ans. Given, cos? 75 - cos? 15 = = (cos 75° + cos 159). (cos 75° cos 15%) += (2.c9890" cos 607}(2 sin 90°. sin 60") “wafe) SHORT ANSWER Typ 25. Prove that sin (n + 1)xsin(n + 2)x + cos(n + 1) xeos(n + 2)x= cos x [Dethi Gov. $gP 2022] Ans. LHS.= sin (n + Ix sin(n + 2)x + cos(n + t)x cos(n + x= cox = conlin + 1)e~ (0 + 2] [+ c08 (AB) = 008A con + sin Asin B} = ens [nc +x- nx 24] = cos (+) = cos =RHS. [+ €08 -6) = c08 6] 26. Find the value of 2 sin 45°. cos 45°, ‘Ans. We have, 2ein 45° coe 45° 1a = dex ae = 27. teoex-+ sin x= 2 then find the value of. Ans. wosx+sinx= i 4 coset sinx=t a a sin 45° cosx + cos 45*sinx= 1 sin (45% 49) = 1 sin (45° +») = sin 90° AS? 4 x= 90° x=4s? Questions (SA: [2 maces] ae countess crdecabta = n[E ve a [--3] des on xeonaxs Wheren e Z, 3xenas2tt-ton? 2 cos = 2 aston? o 2 Substituting this in the above equation we get. astan? 242tan2-1+t0n? 2 eee 2 istan® £42 tan 241-tan? & pr?tons 2 8 tan? 2 2tan242tan? 2 a io 2 242tane 2 30. if m sin © = 1m sin (0 + 2a) then prove that ton (0+ a) cota = ~*2 BAM INCERT Exemplar Ans. Given, m sin @ = n sin @ + 2a) sin(@42a)_m sind Applying componendo and dividendo, we get sin(942a)+sin@_mén 5in(9+2a) 32. Find the value of, Asin «sin 28 sin 25. sens 18 Ans. sin=+sin=+sit 8 5 SR, ee 8g*8"S EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ee sinC—sinD =2c0s sin(9+a)-cosa cos (8+a)-sina > tan(0+a)-cot a= === Hence, proved. tonA+secA-1_1+sinA tan A-sec Av INCERT Exemplar) 34. Prove that cos A” tan A+ soc A) (eee? A~tan? A) ~ (tan A-sec A+) {:. sec? A-ton? A= 4] tonAtsecA=((sec A~tonA)(sec A+ ton A)} (an A~sec A+1) I: ot=b*= (@-b+6)) (eee Aton A)(i—eee A+ tan A) - T=sec Axton A =eec A+ tan A 1, sina _ 1tsind = CasA” cosA ~ “cond Hence, proved. SHORT ANSWER Type-!! Questions (SA-II) [ 3 marks } sina ssn en (428 Ju(428)]) 34. Prove that: cost 4 cos 3% 4 cost SF + cost ZR. a a a 8 ‘Ans. LHS = cos © +cos*22 4.cos* 52.4 cos a @ a eho) ae wo( 2) ) : 33. If2 sin? 0=3 cos 0 where,0<0=20, then find the value of 8 [NCERT Exemplar] (NCERT Exemplar] ‘Ane. Given, Ans. Given, 2sin® cos 0 onan" gesaee = 2-2 ¢0s"0-3 eos jo=b Vorb ie-2y(a+b) 2cot*0 +3.c080-2=0 _ (a+b)+(0-b) ores ouccesse-a00-2 ero? 2008 0 (o08 0 +2) -1 (080 + 2 __% (030+ 2) (2 cos0-1)=0 ye Socither cos 0+2=0or 2eos0-1=0 But cos @ 2-2 [-1scoest} 2cos0-1=0 cx} ondcn0=-2lerotpnblebecue cos 82-1 cos 0= 608 = or cos = cos{2n-= oes erase ce EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ee36. Find the value of m sin x + n cos x, if tan. 2a ‘Ans. We have, tanX=™ 2a man? 27. tatuteton (225), (ou cou 8902023 Ans. ton'Z ton( n+) 72 B Since (7 + ©) is in third quadrant. By ASTC rule tan O ia positive in third quadrant. ton( e+) = on Bp) -=(3-4) Using compound angle formula, tanAton® itanAtand tan (A+ 8)= a-tan Stan en 5G We know that ton==1 ond tan £= 3 we have tonZ=1 ond ton $= 3 341 Lex ins 13 EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET ee NG 1 “IB iB 4423 2 23 2sina 3, if ee Treosa+sina % then prove that 1-cosa+sing is also equal to I+sina ee INCERT Exemplor] 2sino ‘Ans. Given. cosa ana Lecosa+sing Now Taina (L~cosa+ sin) (1+ cos 0+sino) i+sina— (1#c08a+sina) (1+sina)~cosa}_{(1-+sina)+cos o} Taina Teeosa+sina (sino)? - cos? o Tisinay(+ cosa reina) (L4 gin? @ +2 sina) cos? = “G¥singy(L+ cosas sing) (Lt sin? 0+2sina)— (1 sin? a) (sing){I-+ cosa sing) a Ltsin’ (Fsina)(1+sina+cosa) 2sin?a+2sino (Isina)(i+co8a+ sina) 2sina(sina+1) © Gy einal(1+ cosa + sina) 2sino Treesassina Hence, proved. 39, cos 46" cos 14° sin 46° sin 14°+ sin 75% ‘Ans. We know, cos (A + 8) = cos A cos B = sin A sin 8 So using this Formula 08 46° cos 14° ~ sin 46" sin 14° con (46414) 260°ee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET And cos60"= > -0 Now gin 75° = sin (45° + 309) = sin 48° cos 30° + cos 45° sin 30° [x sin (A + 8)= sin A cos 8 + cos A sin 8] e284 “RI R2 snastacosist= 5 31 bet @ 2h 2h 22 ° On adding eq. @) and eq. (i), we get cos 47° cos 13° ~ sin 47° sin 13° + sin 75° 1, fies on 21, 03402 2 aixk y2(/3+1) 4 40. If a cos 8 + b sin @=m onda sin © =n, then how that a? + 6? = m? + nf INCERT Exemplar} ‘Ans. Given, a cos 8 +b sin 0 Andassin @-b cos 6 = i) Squaring ond adding of eqs () and (i), we get m? +n? =(0c05 8 +b sin 6)? + (0 sin 8b eos 6)? = mis nt= a? cost 0 +b? sin? 0+ 2 ab cos 0 sin 8 + 0? sin 9+ 6? cos? 0 2.0b sin 0cos 0 On solving = mente? Cos? 0+ sin? 0) + 6 (sin? 8 + cos" 6) = mientaatsb Hence, proved. 44, Prove that: sina + sin b+sinc~sin(a+b +0) B48 g PEE Gore 2 = 4sin Ans. LHS = (sin a + sin b) + (gine sin (a +b +c) sino +sinb +sinc~sin (a+b +c) — (-reinl@+®) egg (2-8) ~(osl2Bat=) (c+a+b+c) (eosersseta (a4b+2c) a win ot) 2 = 2sin 22) cog 2) _ 2208 (o4b+2 2 LONG ANSWER Type Questions (LA) [485 mans} 42. If ton 0 + then show that sina +cosa= 2 cos. —[NCERT Exemplar] Ans. Given, tan@ = S22— 50st Sing+cosa Dividing by cos a tan. S9ad coma. = tong=fona=1 tonavd > tone= [tan a/4= 1] 1+tanE tone 4 => tond=ton(a—= 4 = o-a-% aee EERE EEE IEEE EE EID EI EI IDI IDI EI IDI ID II II III II II IID IEEE EO ET > as0sk LHS. sina + cose = sio{o +3) scos(o+3) sinB cos +-cos0sin= |+ 4 ry (tenon (a0 dpeane-t}o(nod sno) [+ snfepecoed] = Fe [lin 8 + cos 0) + (cos 6-sin 6] 2 2cos vB = V2cos = RHS. 43. Ifx=sec$- tan and show that xy += y+ sec $ + cot ¢, then INCERT Exemplar) ‘Ans. Given, x= sec = ton 9 and y = cosec $ + cot} LHS. Zens A cos B= ens (4 +) +c08 (4-8)] Now, tan(a+B) a sn(asp)= 1-3 a singe pied (28 cos(a.-p)= [2-25 cme foe] 2 is Gs, 2 B ton 2a = ton (a+ +a~f) tan(a+B)+tan(a ran(a+)tan(a—B) 45 36+20) {sin 86 sin (-70)} = sin 80 ein 70 bE: sino) =-sing] =RHS. Hence, proved. 48. ventas s)=4 and snfe-P= 2, where 2,8 Ue between 0 ond then nd the value oftan 2a. INCERT Exemplar} [Dethi Gev. SgP 2022) Ltsing imsino Lis = sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x sino = 2ein22c082 Pineal et Lesino Tosine sin? ($ }rcos?( 2 Jpasin cos oo(3}="($ Potenttan= =1 4 2 cos 2asin® 22 e398 Lesing _ 7g ising con A+tan® mtn Aton soe-L=(e3)] 1-2 = tor"(5+2) | 5 Hence, proved.