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C++ Decision Making Statement Notes

The document explains decision-making structures in programming, specifically in C++, detailing various types of statements such as 'if', 'if...else', 'switch', and nested statements. It provides syntax examples and flow diagrams for each type of statement, illustrating how they evaluate conditions and execute corresponding code blocks. Additionally, it introduces the conditional operator '? :' as a shorthand for 'if...else' statements.

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Vinod Pande
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0 views5 pages

C++ Decision Making Statement Notes

The document explains decision-making structures in programming, specifically in C++, detailing various types of statements such as 'if', 'if...else', 'switch', and nested statements. It provides syntax examples and flow diagrams for each type of statement, illustrating how they evaluate conditions and execute corresponding code blocks. Additionally, it introduces the conditional operator '? :' as a shorthand for 'if...else' statements.

Uploaded by

Vinod Pande
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DECISION-MAKING

Decision-making structures require that the programmer specify one or more


conditions to be evaluated or tested by the program, along with a statement or
statements to be executed if the condition is determined to be true, and optionally,
other statements to be executed if the condition is determined to be false.
Following is the general form of a typical decision-making structure found in most
programming languages −

C++ programming language provides following types of decision making statements.

1 if statement
An ‘if’ statement consists of a boolean expression followed by one or more
statements.

2 if...else statement
An ‘if’ statement can be followed by an optional ‘else’ statement, which executes
when the boolean expression is false.

3 switch statement
A ‘switch’ statement allows a variable to be tested for equality against a list of
values.

4 nested if statements
You can use one ‘if’ or ‘else if’ statement inside another ‘if’ or ‘else if’ statement(s).

5 nested switch statements


You can use one ‘switch’ statement inside another ‘switch’ statement(s).

if statement

An if statement consists of a boolean expression followed by one or more statements.


Syntax
The syntax of an if statement in C++ is −
if(boolean_expression) {
// statement(s) will execute if the boolean expression is true
}
If the boolean expression evaluates to true, then the block of code inside the if
statement will be executed. If boolean expression evaluates to false, then the first set
of code after the end of the if statement (after the closing curly brace) will be executed.

Flow Diagram

#include <iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main () {

// local variable declaration:

int a = 10;
// check the boolean condition

if( a < 20 ) {

// if condition is true then print the following

cout << "a is less than 20;" << endl;

cout << "value of a is : " << a << endl;

return 0;

if...else statement

An if statement can be followed by an optional else statement, which executes when


the boolean expression is false.

Syntax
The syntax of an if...else statement in C++ is −
if(boolean_expression) {
// statement(s) will execute if the boolean expression is true
} else {
// statement(s) will execute if the boolean expression is false
}
If the boolean expression evaluates to true, then the if block of code will be executed,
otherwise else block of code will be executed.

Flow Diagram
Example
#include <iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main () {

// local variable declaration:

int a = 100;

// check the boolean condition

if( a < 20 ) {

// if condition is true then print the following

cout << "a is less than 20;" << endl;

} else {

// if condition is false then print the following

cout << "a is not less than 20;" << endl;

cout << "value of a is : " << a << endl;

return 0;

if...else if...else Statement

An if statement can be followed by an optional else if...else statement, which is very


usefull to test various conditions using single if...else if statement.
When using if , else if , else statements there are few points to keep in mind.
 An if can have zero or one else's and it must come after any else if's.
 An if can have zero to many else if's and they must come before the else.
 Once an else if succeeds, none of he remaining else if's or else's will be tested.

Syntax
The syntax of an if...else if...else statement in C++ is −
if(boolean_expression 1) {
// Executes when the boolean expression 1 is true
} else if( boolean_expression 2) {
// Executes when the boolean expression 2 is true
} else if( boolean_expression 3) {
// Executes when the boolean expression 3 is true
} else {
// executes when the none of the above condition is true.
}

The ? : Operator
We have covered conditional operator “? :” in the previous which can be used to
replace if...else statements. It has the following general form −
Exp1 ? Exp2 : Exp3;
Exp1, Exp2, and Exp3 are expressions. Notice the use and placement of the colon.
The value of a ‘?’ expression is determined like this: Exp1 is evaluated. If it is true,
then Exp2 is evaluated and becomes the value of the entire ‘?’ expression. If Exp1 is
false, then Exp3 is evaluated and its value becomes the value of the expression.

#include <iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main () {

// Local variable declaration:

int x, y = 10;

x = (y < 10) ? 30 : 40;

cout << "value of x: " << x << endl;

return 0;

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