PARAÑAQUE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – MAIN

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

FIRST SEMESTER l S.Y. 2025 – 2026

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

Name: _____________________________ Grade Level & Section: __________________

Subject Teacher: ________________________ Date: _________________________________

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

I. Objectives
At the end of the laboratory activity, learners are expected to do the following:
a. describe the structure and function of the major and subcellular organelles of the cell;
b. draw and label the cell structures of a bacterium, a plant, and an animal; and
c. value the significance of the perfect harmony and coordination of the different cellular organelles in maintaining life

II. Content
Organisms are composed mainly of cells- the fundamental unit of structure and function of life. Cells have specific
structures within them that allow them to carry out their functions. Just as organs are separate body parts that perform
certain functions in the human body, organelles are microscopic sub-units that perform specific functions within individual
cells. This is called “division of labor”. Organelles could be classified as major and sub-organelles depending on their
degree of importance.
Like the organs in the human body, the organelles within a cell need to perform well as the efficiency of the cellular
functions rely on them. They could be associated to the parts of the house or establishment.
In this part of the workbook, you will learn more about the structure and function of the organelles and the importance
of the coordination of the different cellular organelles in maintaining life.

III. Activity
A. Structure of the Cell
Directions: Draw, color and label all parts of the animal, plant and bacterial cell inside the box being provided.
1. Animal Cell

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General Biology 1 │ First Quarter │Cell Structure and Function
 PARAÑAQUE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – MAIN
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
FIRST SEMESTER l S.Y. 2025 – 2026

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

B. Plant Cell

C. Bacterial Cell

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General Biology 1 │ First Quarter │Cell Structure and Function
 PARAÑAQUE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – MAIN
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
FIRST SEMESTER l S.Y. 2025 – 2026

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

B. Cell Census: What’s Got What?

Directions: Identify whether the organelle is found in animal, plant and/or bacterial cell. Put a check mark (/) in the box that
corresponds to the correct answer. You may put SOME, if necessary.

Cell Component Present in Bacterial

No. Present in Animal Cell? Present in Plant Cell?
(Structure) Cell?
Cell Membrane or Plasma
1
Membrane
2 Capsule

3 Cell wall

4 Central vacuole

5 Centrosome

6 Choloroplast

7 Cilium (cilia)

8 Cytoplasm

9 Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER)
A. Smooth Endoplasmic
10
Reticulum (SER)
B. Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (RER)
11 Flagellum

12 Golgi Apparatus

13 Lysosome

14 Mitochondrion

15 Nuclear membrane

16 Nucleoplasm

17 Nucleolus

18 Nucleus

19 Peroxisome

20 Pilus

21 Plasmid

22 Plasmodesmata

23 Ribosome

24 Vesicles and vacuoles

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General Biology 1 │ First Quarter │Cell Structure and Function
 PARAÑAQUE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – MAIN
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
FIRST SEMESTER l S.Y. 2025 – 2026

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

C. #CellBuildingCounterpart
Directions: Complete the table by doing the following instructions:
a. Write a brief description of structure for each cell component in Column 3. Write the main function/s of
each structure in Column 4.
b. In Column 5, write a corresponding hashtag – containing a counterpart of each cell structure to the
building/ establishment you have indicated in No. 1. What do you think are the essential parts that an
establishment needs in order for it to function well? Think of those essential parts and relate these to
the different parts / organelles of the cell.
c. Lastly, in Column 6, write a brief description or function for your chosen building/ establishment
counterparts. The first cell component (structure) is done for you as an example.

Building/ House
Cell Component Brief Description of Building/ House
No. Main Functions Counterpart
(Structure) Structure Counterpart
Functions

Doubled layered. Thin Separate cell from #Door Controls what goes in
Cell Membrane or barrier, surrounding the cell external environment; and out of the
1 control the entry and the building/ house
Plasma Membrane
exit of certain substances

2 Capsule

3 Cell Wall

4 Central vacuole

5 Centrosome

6 Chloroplast

7 Cilium (cilia)

8 Cytoplasm

9 Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
A. Smooth
10 Endoplasmic
Reticulum (SER)
B. Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (RER)
11 Flagellum

12 Golgi Apparatus

13 Lysosome

14 Mitochondrion

15 Nuclear membrane

16 Nucleoplasm
17 Nucleolus
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General Biology 1 │ First Quarter │Cell Structure and Function
 PARAÑAQUE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – MAIN
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
FIRST SEMESTER l S.Y. 2025 – 2026

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

18 Nucleus

19 Peroxisome

20 Pilus

21 Plasmid

22 Plasmodesmata

23 Ribosome

24 Vesicles and vacuoles

D. Critical Thinking Questions

Directions: Read and analyze each question. Provide the needed answers accurately and in a well-organized manner.
1. Which has more Golgi bodies, animal cell or plant cell? Why is there a difference in the number of these structures in
each cell type?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. The plasma membrane surrounds the whole cell. It separates what is inside the cell from outside it. It also controls
substances that go into and out of the cell. What will happen to the cell if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks
apart?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What can possibly happen if animal cells have cell walls? Are cell walls being advantageous for animals?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

4. A group of Grade 12 STEM students were observing a group of cells under an electron microscope. Student A said that
the cells are animal cells, however, Student B refuted him and stated that these are plant cells. If you were one of the
group members, how could you prove that Student A is correct?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

5. A bacterial cell culture is subjected to high pressure. How does it maintain the integrity of the cell
structure?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Antibiotics are medicines that are used to fight bacterial infections. These medicines kill prokaryotic cells without
harming human cells. What part or part of the bacterial cell do you think antibiotics target? Why?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Why are lysosomes known as “the cleaners” of the cell waste?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Why is the mitochondrion NOT classified as part of the endomembrane system?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

9. A plant cell is known for having a large central vacuole which covers almost 90% of the cell structure. Aside from
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General Biology 1 │ First Quarter │Cell Structure and Function
 PARAÑAQUE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – MAIN
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
FIRST SEMESTER l S.Y. 2025 – 2026

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

storing water and nutrients, what is the main importance of having this large vacuole in a plant cell?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

10. The chloroplast is the center of photosynthesis in plant cells. Just like mitochondria, it is also known in processing
energy for cellular activity. How does the chloroplast differ from the mitochondria?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

E. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cell

Directions: Compare prokaryotes and eukaryotes using the following distinguishing features or point of comparison..

No. Cell Component (Structure) Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell

1 Presence of Nucleus

2 Cell size

3 Cell number

4 Endomembrane system

5 Membrane-bound organelles

6 History (when the cell evolved)

7 Structure of Genetic Information

8 Location of Genetic Information

9 Cell wall and Cell Membrane

10 Ribosome

11 Mode of Reproduction

3 Examples of Organisms
12 (Indicate both the common
name and scientific name)

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General Biology 1 │ First Quarter │Cell Structure and Function