Advanced CSS Techniques

Presenter: Jon Kinney Email: [email protected]

Overview
Brief history of CSS (How did we get here) Quirks Mode -VS- Strict Mode Doctypes, and the Box Model Hacking CSS support for IE The future of CSS (Table layouts done right) CSS Frameworks Advanced Tips and Tricks

History
CSS wasnt originally intended for layout. IE3 Look at a typical site and identify the grid What was the easiest way to make the grid work?... Tables... so whats the problem? HTML Tables are intended for the display of spreadsheet-like tables of data. Designers stick the blocks of their pages into table cells, forming the two-dimensional grids they craved.

History cont.
Over time CSS support improved and when IE5 was released some bold developers created ways to achieve CSS layouts without the use of tables. IE 6 released in August 2001 further improving standards compliance which allowed for even more complex CSS layouts, and then... nothing. IE development stopped for almost 4 years. IE 7 beta released July 2005. Internet Explorer 7 was nally released to the public on October 18, 2007 (over 6 years after IE 6)

Overview
Brief history of CSS (How did we get here) Quirks Mode -VS- Strict Mode Doctypes, and the Box Model Hacking CSS support for IE The future of CSS (Table layouts done right) CSS Frameworks Advanced Tips and Tricks

Quirks Mode -VS- Strict Mode

What is quirks mode and why does it exist?
http:/ /www.quirksmode.org/css/quirksmode.html

A browser feature that was implemented for IE6 and later browsers to continue rendering old sites according to the quirks (original proprietary) rules, if so desired. Note: IE 5 and earlier browsers are permanently locked in quirks mode. Standards mode allows developers who know what they are doing to force the browser to be more standards compliant. How?

Overview
Brief history of CSS (How did we get here) Quirks Mode -VS- Strict Mode Doctypes, and the Box Model Hacking CSS support for IE The future of CSS (Table layouts done right) CSS Frameworks Advanced Tips and Tricks

Doctypes, and the Box Model

XHTML 1.0 Transitional (allows target) and forces the browser to render in almost strict or A mode.
Detect your mode (http:/ /www.snippetstash.com/public/126)

Box Model Diagram

(http:/ /www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/box.html)

http:/ /www.guistuff.com/css/css_boxmodel.html

Complication: almost strict mode *Images had bottom margin (not removable) In strict mode <img /> is an inline element, which means that some space should be reserved for possible descender characters like the letters g, j, or q. Of course an image doesnt have descender characters, so the space was never used, but it still had to be reserved. The solution was to explicitly declare images block level elements: img {display: block}. Nonetheless browser vendors, Mozilla especially, thought this was such a confusing situation that they introduced "almost strict mode". This was dened as strict mode, but with images continuing to be blocks, and not inline elements. Most common doctypes, trigger almost strict mode. The treatment of images is by far the most important difference between almost strict mode and really strict mode. http:/ /hsivonen.iki./doctype/

Overview
Brief history of CSS (How did we get here) Quirks Mode -VS- Strict Mode Doctypes, and the Box Model Hacking CSS support for IE The future of CSS (Table layouts done right) CSS Frameworks Advanced Tips and Tricks

Hacking CSS support for IE

CSS Resets Eric Meyer
(http:/ /meyerweb.com/eric/thoughts/2007/05/01/reset-reloaded/)

Yahoo CSS Reset Reproduce Bugs

(http:/ /developer.yahoo.com/yui/reset/)

(http:/ /css.tests.free.fr/en/debugging_css_msie.php)

Hacks & Conditional Comments

http:/ /www.maratz.com/blog/archives/2005/06/16/ essentials-of-css-hacking-for-internet-explorer/

Overview
Brief history of CSS (How did we get here) Quirks Mode -VS- Strict Mode Doctypes, and the Box Model Hacking CSS support for IE The future of CSS (Table layouts done right) CSS Frameworks Advanced Tips and Tricks

The Future of CSS

A new era - IE 8
When IE 8 arrives we will nally have all major browsers supporting standards compliance according to the CSS2.1 spec. IE 8 passes the Acid2 tests
http:/ /www.webstandards.org/action/acid2/guide/

One of the major features??? CSS Tables for easy layout! (demo later)

Overview
Brief history of CSS (How did we get here) Quirks Mode -VS- Strict Mode Doctypes, and the Box Model Hacking CSS support for IE The future of CSS (Table layouts done right) CSS Frameworks Advanced Tips and Tricks

CSS Frameworks
What is it? - a predened set of html and css that gives the user a grid upon which to place items for layout. Some popular avors...
960 Grid System (http:/ /960.gs/) Blueprint (http:/ /www.blueprintcss.org/) Elements (http:/ /elements.projectdesigns.org/)

Overview
Brief history of CSS (How did we get here) Quirks Mode -VS- Strict Mode Doctypes, and the Box Model Hacking CSS support for IE The future of CSS (Table layouts done right) CSS Frameworks Advanced Tips and Tricks

Advanced Tips & Tricks

Tools of the trade Intro tips Pixels VS EM Positioning info 2 Column oated layout Footer stuck to the bottom of a page Styling forms and buttons

Tools of the trade

A Virtual Machine (I prefer Windows XP still)

IE Tester -

http:/ /www.my-debugbar.com/wiki/IETester/HomePage

Firebug - inspect mode is really convenient Firefox plugin - Web Developer (validating) http:/ /riddle.pl/emcalc/ http:/ /www.cleancss.com/ http:/ /colorschemedesigner.com/ TIP! :> Keep your CSS Neat and Alphabetized - http:/ /alphabetizer.ap.tv/index.php

Intro Tips
Different ways to target elements (depends on where the indicator is specied) a.class_name (can have multiple classes) ul#ul_id_name li (rarely used) #ul_id_name li (one ID per page)

Pixels VS EM
(who what where when why to resize) My friend Brian is partially blind and he says use Px not EM... people will resize with the computer not the browser
What is an em? Classically, an em (pronounced emm) is a typographers unit of horizontal spacing and is a sliding (relative) measure. One em is a distance equal to the text size. In 10 pixel type, an em is 10 pixels; in 18 pixel type it is 18 pixels. Thus 1em of padding is proportionately the same in any text size.

http:/ /www.clagnut.com/blog/348/

Positioning
Normal ow is the default scheme used for positioning. It applies to any element that does not specify position:absolute or xed and is not oated. In this scheme, block boxes ow vertically starting at the top of their containing block with each placed directly below the preceding one. Inline boxes ow horizontally from left to right.

You should note that vertical margins are collapsed in the normal ow. That is, instead of adding the bottom margin of a box to the top margin of the one immediately below it, only the larger of the two values is used, as illustrated here.

http:/ /www.brainjar.com/css/positioning/default.asp

2 Column Floated Layout

Requirements Explicit widths of each column One of the 2 columns backgrounds needs to be a solid color

Footer Stick!
Dene all heights as 100% up through body and html for container elements. Have a footer outside the container Dene a push area Make sure the heights and negative margins are the same. Advanced tip... show full expanding header and footer

Styling Forms
Make the large and consistent across a large set of browsers. http:/ /www.thechoppr.com/blog/2008/01/07/ applying-css-to-forms/ Border: http:/ /www.tizag.com/cssT/ border.php

Styling Buttons
Icon set from FamFamFam
http:/ /www.famfamfam.com/

Tutorial
http:/ /particletree.com/features/rediscovering-the-button-element/

CSS Menus
Drop down
http:/ /www.seoconsultants.com/css/menus/horizontal/

Horizontal expanding
http:/ /green-beast.com/experiments/css_menu_descriptions.php

IE 8 CSS Tables
Checkout sitepoint.com and look for Everything you know about CSS is wrong Demo

General Web Info

General Web Design Guidelines
http:/ /psd.tutsplus.com/designing-tutorials/9-essential-principles-for-good-web-design/

Web Safe Fonts

http:/ /www.ampsoft.net/webdesign-l/WindowsMacFonts.html Convert to Image rst for safe display on the web (http:/ /www.fonts500.com/)

Useful resources
CSS/Design - http:/ /www.alistapart.com/ General Web Development - http:/ /sitepoint.com Most complete CSS resource - http:/ /reference.sitepoint.com/css
http:/ /www.webcredible.co.uk/user-friendly-resources/css/css-tricks.shtml