1.

SPECIALISTS SERVICES

The specialist services required was as follows:

• Scanning of a sample of columns.
• Schmidt Hammer tests on a sample of columns and concrete core
tests.
• Survey of the verticality of the existing columns.

Project Number 2100224: Dube Trade Port Block D Stage 3 Design Report

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The final survey results are still awaited but the results of the other
investigations were satisfactory.

2. STRUCTURAL DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

This report details the structural design approach for the construction of
the top structures above the existing podium level. It details the overall
design philosophy, stability requirements, load statement, basic member
sizes.

The structural support system for the building designed and constructed
by others comprises reinforce concrete piles, pile caps, pile capping
beams and reinforced concrete columns, concrete lift cores and stairwells
and shear walls for lateral stability. The basement slabs constructed on a
column grid of around 8.4m x 8.4m are reinforced concrete flat slabs. To
ensure continuity, the previous designers allowed for stub columns,
beams, and walls to extend above the podium level.

4.1 Structural Stability against overturning.

Reinforced concrete Shear walls provide stability to the building against

overturning. These walls are placed as indicated on the attached drawings
on Grid lines 3, 9, 10 and 13. Horizontal loads are transferred from these
shear walls into the horizontal slab elements at podium level and it is in
turn transferred to the surrounding ground via the existing contiguous pile
walls, pile capping beams and stair wells and lift shaft RC walls.

4.2 Vertical elements

 The columns support the vertical loads onto the existing columns and the
existing foundation structure. The column sizes match the existing
column plinths on the podium level thereafter it reduces in size to a
450mm-by-450mm column as the building gets taller. The attached
drawings indicate the various column sizes on each of the suspended
floors.

The staircases are designed to various throat thickness due the varying
spans at the different locations for the central, west, and east stairs. The
lift shafts and stairwells are designed as a column and beam system with
infill masonry panels. Attached find the staircase drawings.

The central core lift shaft between grids 9 and 10 and J and J1 requires
that the existing podium slab be cut and strengthened to allow for allow
for a lift pit. The drawings of the lift pit are attached to this report.

4.3 Horizontal suspended slabs

Apart from the mezzanine area, the suspended slabs from and including
the first floor to the roof are designed as a 300mm flat slab, with a 700mm
deep by 450 wide down stand beams on grid H, at the expansion joint and
700 by 280 beams around the lift and staircase openings. The slabs also
transfer the horizontal loads to the shear walls by means of dowel bars
that bridges the expansion joint.

Due to the layout of the mezzanine floors, this was design as a slab and
beam system to support retail loading. The attached drawings indicate the
various floors.

3. STRUCTURAL LOAD STATEMENT

The design of the building was based on the following standards:

3.1 Self-weight Loads

In accordance with SANS 10160 Part 2: Self-weight and imposed loads

Density of reinforced cement concrete - 25.00 kN/m³
Density of plain cement concrete - 24.00 kN/m³
Density of structural steel - 78.50 kN/m³
Density of masonry walls - 21.0kN/m3
Mechanical services - 0.17 kN/m2
Ceiling - 0.17 kN/m2
Dry Walling - 1.2/m2

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 220 mm Wet walls per meter hight - 5Kn/m^2/m hight
Wet wall allowance per plan square meter -2.5Kn/m^2
Roof Gardens (nominal thickness) - 0.64 kN/m2

3.2 Imposed Loads

In accordance with SANS 10160 Part 2: Self-weight and imposed loads

Floor Slabs
o Imposed floor loads for offices - 2.5kN/m2
o Imposed loads for cantilevered walkway - 3.0kN/m2
o Imposed loads for recreational areas - 4.0kN/m2
o Imposed floor loads in retail area - 5.0kN/m2
o Tanks, plant and equipment - Based on actual
Roofs
o Imposed loads for inaccessible roofs - 0.3 kN/m2
o Imposed loads accessible Roofs -1.5 kN/m2

3.3 Wind Loads (vertical and horizontal)

Designs to be completed in accordance with SANS 10160 Part

3: Wind actions. The unfactored wind load used was
1.1Kn/m^2.

3.4 Seismic Actions

Not Required for building location

4. DESIGN GUIDELINES, SPECIALIST LITERATURE AND PROGRAMMES

USED

The following were referenced and used for the structural engineering
design.
The following Prokon software modules for structural analysis and design:

- Frame Analysis for RC frames.

- Continuous beam/Slab analysis and Design for RC beams.
- Rectangular and circular column design for RC columns.
- Rectangular Slab Panel Design for 2 way spanning RC in-situ slabs.

5. DESIGN PARAMETERS

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 5.1 Concrete Characteristic Strength fcu
• Columns – 40Mpa/19mm to 25MPa/ 19mm RC
columns will be used.
• Beams and slabs – 30MPa
• Topping – 25MPa
• Blinding – 10MPa
5.2 Concreter Cover
• Columns – 30mm
Beams –
30mm
• Slabs – 25mm
5.3 Reinforcing Steel Characteristic Strength fy
• High Yield Deformed Steel Bars (Y) –
450MPa
• Plain Mild Steel Bars (R) – 250MPa
• High Tensile Welded Steel Fabric Reinforcement (Mesh) – 485MPa
5.4 Deflection Limits
Slabs and Beams supporting masonry walls
– Span/500 Slabs and Beams not
supporting masonry walls – Span/250

Attached also find the detailed book of specification.

6. DESIGN STANDARDS

Design standards and material specifications for the study have been
evolved primarily based on the SANS standards as applicable. The
design standards as indicated hereunder cover all aspects of design:
SANS 1200 - 2010: Civil Engineering Construction
SANS 10400 -2012: SA Building Regulations SANS
10100 & ACI-318: Reinforced Concrete
Manual for the design of reinforced
Concrete building structures: EC2 SANS 10162:
Structural Steelwork
SANS 10160-2011: Loadings
SANS 10160 – 2011- Part 3: Wind loading
SANS 10164: Load-bearing brickwork
SANS 1200- 2011: Specification of material and methods to be
used.
SANS 10160: The general procedures and loadings to be adopted
in the design of buildings and foundations.

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 Where necessary, we will indicate the risks of deviation from a specific
standard for the client to make an informed decision.

7. GREEN BUILDING ASPECTS.

To comply with the requirements to reduce the carbon footprint as far as

possible regarding the structure the following specifications were
included for the project:

• No sandstone aggregate will be allowed in slabs or surface beds,

minimum OPC content 70% - mix designs to be submitted to
engineer for acceptance. The absolute quantity of Portland cement,
as an average across all concrete mixes, must be reduced by 30% by
substituting it with industrial waste products for in-situ, precast and
stressed concrete.
• 90% of all steel (total structural steel, reinforcement/stressing steel
and steel products) by mass, in the project is to have a post
consumer recycled content greater than 60%.

CONCLUSION
At this stage the verticality of the existing columns in the basement is still to
be confirmed. Certain architectural features like the concrete facades still
must be confirmed. This is now becoming critical as the contractor has
already commenced with the staging of the secondfloor slab.