Shivaji University , Kolhapur

Question Bank For Mar 2022 ( Summer ) Examination

Subject Code :_ 80810 ______Subject Name :___Optical Communication ____
Common subject Code (if any) ______________________________________
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Which law gives the relationship between refractive index of the dielectric?
a) Law of reflection
b) Law of refraction (Snell’s Law)
c) Millman’s Law
d) Huygen’s Law
View Answer
Answer: b

2. The light sources used in fibre optics communication are ____________

a) LED’s and Lasers
b) Phototransistors
c) Xenon lights
d) Incandescent
View Answer
Answer: a

3. The ________ ray passes through the axis of the fiber core.
a) Reflected
b) Refracted
c) Meridional
d) Shew
View Answer
Answer: c

4. Light incident on fibers of angles________the acceptance angle do not propagate into the fiber.
a) Less than
b) Greater than
c) Equal to
d) Less than and equal to
View Answer
Answer: b
5. What is the numerical aperture of the fiber if the angle of acceptance is 16 degree?
a) 0.50
b) 0.36
c) 0.20
d) 0.27
View Answer
Answer: d
6. The ratio of speed of light in air to the speed of light in another medium is called as _________
a) Speed factor
b) Dielectric constant
c) Reflection index
d) Refraction index
View Answer
Answer: d

7. The phenomenon which occurs when an incident wave strikes an interface at an angle greater
than the critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface is called as ____________
a) Refraction
b) Partial internal reflection
c) Total internal reflection
d) Limiting case of refraction
View Answer
Answer: c
8. A multimode step index fiber has a normalized frequency of 72. Estimate the number of guided
modes.
a) 2846
b) 2592
c) 2432
d) 2136
View Answer
Answer: b
9. A single-mode step-index fiber or multimode step-index fiber allows propagation of only one
transverse electromagnetic wave.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a

10. Most of the optical power is carried out in core region than in cladding.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
11. Skew rays follow a ___________
a) Hyperbolic path along the axis
b) Parabolic path along the axis
c) Helical path
d) Path where rays changes angles at core-cladding interface
View Answer
Answer: c
12. The difference between the modes’ refractive indices is called as ___________
a) Polarization
b) Cutoff
c) Fiber birefringence
d) Fiber splicing
View Answer
Answer: c
13. Numerical aperture is constant in case of step index fiber.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
14. A decibel may be defined as the ratio of input and output optical power for a particular optical
wavelength.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
15. If the input power 100μW is launched into 6 km of fiber, the mean optical power at the fiber
output is 2μW. What is the overall signal attenuation through the fiber assuming there are no
connectors or splices?
a) 15.23dB
b) 16.98dB
c) 17.12dB
d) 16.62dB
View Answer
Answer: b
16. When the input and output power in an optical fiber is 120μW & 3μW respectively and the
length of the fiber is 8 km. What is the signal attenuation per km for the fiber?
a) 3dB/km
b) 2dB/km
c) 1dB/km
d) 4dB/km
View Answer
Answer: b
17. The effects of intrinsic absorption can be minimized by ___________
a) Ionization
b) Radiation
c) Suitable choice of core and cladding components
d) Melting
View Answer
Answer: c
18. How the potential macro bending losses can be reduced in case of multimode fiber?
a) By designing fibers with large relative refractive index differences
b) By maintaining direction of propagation
c) By reducing the bend
d) By operating at larger wavelengths
View Answer
Answer: a

19. Sharp bends or micro bends causes significant losses in fiber.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
20. Dominant intrinsic loss mechanism in low absorption window between ultraviolet and infrared
absorption tails is ___________
a) Mie scattering
b) Rayleigh scattering
c) Stimulated Raman scattering
d) Stimulated Brillouin scattering
View Answer
Answer: b
21. Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering are the types of _____________
a) Linear scattering losses
b) Non-linear scattering losses
c) Fiber bends losses
d) Splicing losses
View Answer
Answer: a

22. Raman and Brillouin scattering are usually observed at ___________

a) Low optical power densities
b) Medium optical power densities
c) High optical power densities
d) Threshold power densities
View Answer
Answer: c
23. Mie scattering has in-homogeneities mainly in ___________
a) Forward direction
b) Backward direction
c) All direction
d) Core-cladding interface
View Answer
Answer: a
24. Stimulated Brillouin scattering is mainly a ___________
a) Forward process
b) Backward process
c) Upward process
d) Downward process
View Answer
Answer: b

25. What is dispersion in optical fiber communication?

a) Compression of light pulses
b) Broadening of transmitted light pulses along the channel
c) Overlapping of light pulses on compression
d) Absorption of light pulses
View Answer
Answer: b
26. What does ISI stand for in optical fiber communication?
a) Invisible size interference
b) Infrared size interference
c) Inter-symbol interference
d) Inter-shape interference
View Answer
Answer: c
27. For no overlapping of light pulses down on an optical fiber link, the digital bit rate BT must be
___________
a) Less than the reciprocal of broadened pulse duration
b) More than the reciprocal of broadened pulse duration
c) Same as that of than the reciprocal of broadened pulse duration
d) Negligible
View Answer
Answer: a

28. What is pulse dispersion per unit length if for a graded index fiber, 0.1μs pulse broadening is
seen over a distance of 13 km?
a) 6.12ns/km
b) 7.69ns/km
c) 10.29ns/km
d) 8.23ns/km
View Answer
Answer: b
29. Practical pulse broadening value for graded index fiber lies in the range of __________
a) 0.9 to 1.2 ns/km
b) 0.2 to 1 ns/km
c) 0.23 to 5 ns/km
d) 0.45 to 8 ns/km
View Answer
Answer: b
30. Intermodal dispersion occurring in a large amount in multimode step index fiber results in
____________
a) Propagation of the fiber
b) Propagating through the fiber
c) Pulse broadening at output
d) Attenuation of waves
View Answer
Answer: c
31. The modal noise occurs when uncorrected source frequency is?
a) δf>>1/δT
b) δf=1/δT
c) δf<<1/δT
d) Negligible
View Answer
Answer: a
32. The modal noise can be reduced by __________
a) Decreasing width of signal longitudinal mode
b) Increasing coherence time
c) Decreasing number of longitudinal modes
d) Using fiber with large numerical aperture
View Answer
Answer: d
33. How many categories of nonlinear effects are seen in optical fibers?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
View Answer
Answer: b

34. When optical fibers are to be installed in a working environment, the most important
parameter to be considered is?
a) Transmission property of the fiber
b) Mechanical property of the fiber
c) Core cladding ratio of the fiber
d) Numerical aperture of the fiber
View Answer
Answer: b
35. Optical fibers for communication use are mostly fabricated from ___________
a) Plastic
b) Silica or multicomponent glass
c) Ceramics
d) Copper
View Answer
Answer: b
36. Loose tube buffer jackets exhibits a low resistance to movement of the fiber.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a

37. Which of the following is not a strength member used in optical cable?
a) Steel wire
b) Germanium
c) Aramid yarns
d) Glass elements
View Answer
Answer: b
38. The recombination in indirect band-gap semiconductors is slow.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
39. Stimulated emission by recombination of injected carriers is encouraged in __________
a) Semiconductor injection laser
b) Gas laser
c) Chemist laser
d) Dye laser
View Answer
Answer: a
40. Gain guided laser structure are __________
a) Chemical laser
b) Gas laser
c) DH injection laser
d) Quantum well laser
View Answer
Answer: c
41. A particular laser structure is designed so that the active region extends the edges of devices.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a

42. It is a resonant cavity formed by two parallel reflecting mirrors separated by a mirror separated
by a medium such as air or gas is?
a) Optical cavity
b) Wheatstone’s bridge
c) Oscillator
d) Fabry-perot resonator
View Answer
Answer: d

43. Dopants levels in glass fiber lasers are generally ___________

a) Low
b) High
c) Same as that of GRIN rod lens laser
d) Same as that of semiconductor laser
View Answer
Answer: a
44. The lasing output of the basic Fabry-perot cavity fiber is restricted to between ____________
a) 1 and 2 nm
b) 5 and 10 nm
c) 3 and 6 nm
d) 15 and 30 nm
View Answer
Answer: b
Unit No: - 1. Overview of Optical Fiber Communication
Unit No: - 2. Optical Fibers: Structures and Wave guiding:
Unit No: - 3. Transmission characteristics of optical fibers:

1. With the help of block diagram explain the optical communication system.

2. List the advantages of optical fiber communication

3. Briefly explain the names and designation of spectral bands used for optical communication.
4. Explain with neat diagram the phenomenon of light propagation through optical fiber by total
internal reflection?

5. Write down the definition of critical and acceptance angle and explain acceptance cone
6. Consider a multimode silica fiber that has a core refractive index n1 = 1.48 and cladding index n2 =
1.46.Determine
1. The critical angle
2. The Numerical Aperture
3. Acceptance angle in air for the fiber

7. Define numerical aperture? Show that the NA = n1√2𝛥

8. Explain Skew rays
9. Classify optical fibers on the basis of modes
10. With the help of neat diagram explain step index and graded index glass fiber? Give their
comparison.
11. Explain in detail glass fiber, active glass fiber and plastic optical fiber.
12. Give comparison of glass and plastic fiber
13. What are the criterions used for selecting materials for optical fibers? Explain how the addition of
these material changes the refractive index profile.
14. Explain in detail optical fiber cable structures
15. Explain different indoor and outdoor fiber optic cables
16. Explain Mode field Diameter(MFD) and propagation modes in single mode fibers
17. What is an attenuation and material absorption loss in optical fiber?
18. Explain in detail linear scattering losses
19. Explain in detail non linear scattering losses
20. Explain in detail bending losses in optical fiber
21. What do you mean by signal dispersion in optical fibers? What are the factors responsible for
dispersion? Briefly explain each of them?
22. Explain the effect of pulse Broadening in each fiber type(multimode single index, multimode graded
index and single mode step index )
23. Explain material and waveguide dispersion.
24. Explain the Fiber Birefringence
25. Explain Polarization mode dispersion
26. Explain Polarization maintaining fibers
27. Explain in detail with block diagram the Non linear effects in optical fiber
Unit No: - 4. Optical Sources
Unit No: - 5. Optical Detector
Unit No: - 6. Advances in Optical Fiber System

1. Explain the following terms related to semiconductor physics

1. Energy bands
2. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Material
3. PN junctions
4. Direct and Indirect Band Gaps
5. With the help of neat diagrams and refractive index profile explain the construction and working of
double hetero-structure LED
6. Explain surface emitting LED
7. Explain edge emitting LED
8. Explain Quantum Efficiency and derive expression of LED Power.
9. Explain the working of Laser Diode with 3 key transition processes.
10. Explain Fabry Perot resonator cavity for a laser diode.
11. Explain the structure of distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode.
12. Explain laser diode rate equations
13. With the help of neat diagram explain Laser diode structures and radiation patterns.
14. Write note on light source linearity
15. Compare LED and LASER
16. Write note on PIN photodiode photodiode
17. Write note on Avalanche photodiode
18. Explain Photodetector Noise and Detector response time in detail
19. Explain the term Avalanche Multiplication Noise.
20. Explain the structure for InGaAs APD and temperature effect on Avalanche gain.
21. Give comparison of various PhotoDetectors
22. With block diagram explain basic sections of an optical Receiver
23. Explain different error sources in signal detection system.
24. Explain front end amplifier with diagram
25. Explain the digital receiver performance.
26. Explain operating principles of WDM, Write different WDM standards?
27. Explain 2 X 2 fiber coupler
28. Explain 2 X 2 waveguide coupler
29. Explain Star Coupler
30. Explain Mach Zehnder Interferometer
31. Write note on Tunable filters, tunable sources
32. Explain in detail Optical Burst Switching (OBS) and Optical Packet switching(OPS)
33. Explain in detail transmission formats and speeds in SONET?
34. Ex[lain in detail WDM + EDFA performance?
35. Write note on Optical CDMA