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C Programming Viva Questions With Answers

This document contains a collection of C programming viva questions and answers covering key topics such as functions, arrays, structures, unions, pointers, operators, and file handling. Each section provides fundamental concepts, definitions, and examples relevant to first-year C programming students. The content is structured in a question-and-answer format for easy reference and study.

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1 views3 pages

C Programming Viva Questions With Answers

This document contains a collection of C programming viva questions and answers covering key topics such as functions, arrays, structures, unions, pointers, operators, and file handling. Each section provides fundamental concepts, definitions, and examples relevant to first-year C programming students. The content is structured in a question-and-answer format for easy reference and study.

Uploaded by

g12002656
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C Programming Viva Questions with Answers (First Year)

Functions

Q1. What is a function in C?


Ans: A function is a block of code that performs a specific task. It is used to modularize a program.

Q2. What is the difference between call by value and call by reference?
Ans: Call by value passes a copy of the variable, while call by reference passes the address.

Q3. What are function prototypes?


Ans: They declare the function signature before its actual definition to help the compiler understand its usage.

Q4. Can we return more than one value from a function?


Ans: No, but we can use pointers or structures to simulate multiple return values.

Q5. What is recursion? Give an example.


Ans: Recursion is a function calling itself. Example: calculating factorial using recursion.

Arrays

Q1. What is an array in C?


Ans: An array is a collection of elements of the same type stored in contiguous memory locations.

Q2. How do you declare and initialize a 1D array and 2D array?


Ans: 1D: int arr[5] = {1,2,3,4,5}; 2D: int mat[2][2] = {{1,2},{3,4}};

Q3. What is the difference between an array and a pointer?


Ans: Array is a collection of elements, pointer stores the address of a variable. Arrays are static, pointers are dynamic.

Q4. What happens if you access an array index out of bounds?


Ans: It leads to undefined behavior.

Q5. How do you pass an array to a function?


Ans: By passing the base address of the array (e.g., int func(int arr[])).

Structures

Q1. What is a structure in C?


Ans: A structure is a user-defined data type that groups related variables of different data types.

Q2. How is a structure different from an array?


Ans: Arrays hold similar data types, structures can hold different data types.

Q3. How do you access structure members?


Ans: Using the dot operator (.) or arrow operator (->) if using a pointer.

Q4. Can structures be nested?


C Programming Viva Questions with Answers (First Year)

Ans: Yes, one structure can contain another structure.

Q5. How are structures passed to functions?


Ans: They can be passed by value or by reference (using pointers).

Unions

Q1. What is a union?


Ans: A union is a user-defined data type where all members share the same memory location.

Q2. Difference between structure and union?


Ans: Structures allocate separate memory for each member; unions share the same memory.

Q3. When would you use a union?


Ans: When memory conservation is needed and only one member is used at a time.

Q4. Can a union have a structure member?


Ans: Yes, unions can have structures and vice versa.

Q5. What is the size of a union?


Ans: Size is equal to the size of its largest member.

Pointers

Q1. What is a pointer?


Ans: A pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable.

Q2. What is the syntax for declaring a pointer?


Ans: datatype *pointer_name; e.g., int *ptr;

Q3. What is a NULL pointer?


Ans: A pointer that does not point to any memory location.

Q4. What is pointer arithmetic?


Ans: Operations like increment/decrement on pointers to traverse through memory addresses.

Q5. Can we have a pointer to a pointer?


Ans: Yes, it is called a double pointer (e.g., int **pptr).

Q6. How are pointers used in function arguments?


Ans: To pass by reference and modify values of actual parameters.

Operators

Q1. What are the types of operators in C?


C Programming Viva Questions with Answers (First Year)

Ans: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Assignment, Bitwise, Unary, etc.

Q2. What is the difference between == and =?


Ans: == is a comparison operator, = is an assignment operator.

Q3. What is the use of sizeof operator?


Ans: To get the memory size (in bytes) of a data type or variable.

Q4. What is operator precedence?


Ans: The order in which operators are evaluated in an expression.

Q5. What does the & and * operators mean in pointers?


Ans: & gives the address, * dereferences the pointer to get the value.

File Handling

Q1. What is file handling in C?


Ans: Reading and writing data to/from a file stored on disk.

Q2. What are the file modes in fopen()?


Ans: 'r', 'w', 'a', 'r+', 'w+', 'a+' for reading, writing, and appending.

Q3. What is the difference between fscanf and fgets?


Ans: fscanf reads formatted input; fgets reads an entire line including spaces.

Q4. What does fclose() do?


Ans: It closes the file that was opened.

Q5. What is the difference between text and binary files?


Ans: Text files store characters; binary files store data in binary form.

Q6. How do you write to a file using C?


Ans: Use functions like fprintf, fputs, or fwrite.

Q7. What is EOF?


Ans: End of File indicator, usually returned by functions like getc when file ends.

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