Java module-03

Q.1.a. "Explain the four types of the Swing buttons, with demonstration program."

Four Types of Swing Buttons:

Swing provides different types of buttons, all derived from AbstractButton. The four most
common types are:

1. JButton
o A basic push button that performs an action when clicked.
o Commonly used for submitting forms, triggering events, etc.
2. JCheckBox
o Represents a box that can be checked or unchecked.
o Used when multiple selections are allowed.
3. JRadioButton
o Similar to checkboxes, but grouped using ButtonGroup to allow only one
selection at a time.
o Common in forms with mutually exclusive options (e.g., Gender: Male/Female).
4. JToggleButton
o A two-state button that stays pressed or unpressed.
o Used for on/off switches or toggle states.

Demonstration Program:
java
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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class SwingButtonDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Swing Button Types");
frame.setSize(400, 300);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

// 1. JButton
JButton btn = new JButton("Click Me");
btn.addActionListener(e -> JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame,
"JButton Clicked"));

// 2. JCheckBox
JCheckBox checkBox = new JCheckBox("I Agree");

// 3. JRadioButton
JRadioButton option1 = new JRadioButton("Option 1");
JRadioButton option2 = new JRadioButton("Option 2");
ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
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group.add(option1);
group.add(option2);

// 4. JToggleButton
JToggleButton toggle = new JToggleButton("Toggle");

// Add to Frame
frame.add(btn);
frame.add(checkBox);
frame.add(option1);
frame.add(option2);
frame.add(toggle);

frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

Explanation (for Theory):

• All Swing buttons use event listeners to handle clicks.

• They are part of the javax.swing package.
• The AbstractButton class provides core functionality like setting text, icons, and
handling clicks.
• You can also apply custom styles and layouts to enhance the UI.

Q.1.b. "Explain MVC Connector Architecture"

MVC Connector Architecture (5 Marks Answer):

MVC stands for Model-View-Controller. It's a design pattern used in GUI and web applications
to separate logic, UI, and user interaction. The connector architecture defines how these
components interact.

Components of MVC:

1. Model
o Manages the data and business logic.
o Notifies the view when data changes.
2. View
Responsible for displaying the data (UI).
o
It listens to the model and updates when notified.
o
3. Controller
o Handles user input and updates the model accordingly.
o Acts as an intermediary between view and model.
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Connector Flow:
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User → Controller → Model → View

• The controller receives input from the view.

• It processes it and updates the model.
• The model then notifies the view to refresh the UI.

Example in Swing:

In Java Swing:

• JTextField (View) displays input

• ActionListener (Controller) handles events
• A separate Student class (Model) stores data

Q.1.c. "What are the two key Swing features? Discuss."

Two Key Features of Swing (5 Marks Answer):

1. Pluggable Look and Feel (PLAF):

• Swing components can change their appearance without changing the code logic.
• Example: You can switch between Windows, Motif, or Metal look and feel at runtime.
• This makes Swing flexible and adaptable across platforms.

2. Lightweight Components:

• Unlike AWT, Swing components do not rely on native OS peers.

• This makes them more portable, faster, and easier to customize.
• Example: JButton, JLabel, etc., are lightweight and drawn by Java itself.

Summary:

These features make Swing platform-independent, visually customizable, and better suited for
modern GUIs compared to AWT.
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Q.2.a. Explain the following:
(i) JLabel and ImageIcon
(ii) JTextField

(i) JLabel and ImageIcon:

JLabel:

• A JLabel is a display-only GUI component used to show text, images, or both.

• It does not accept user input.
• Commonly used to label input fields, instructions, or display status.

Important methods:

• setText(String text) – to set or change label text.

• setIcon(Icon icon) – to add an image.

ImageIcon:

• ImageIcon is a class used to load and display images in Swing.

• It is often used with JLabel, JButton, etc.

Example:

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JLabel label = new JLabel("Welcome");
ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon("logo.png");
label.setIcon(icon);

This creates a label with text and an image.

(ii) JTextField:

• JTextField is a Swing component used to accept single-line text input from users.
• It is a key input component in forms and search bars.

Common features:

• Editable by default.
• Can be used with event listeners like ActionListener.
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Important methods:

• setText(String s) – sets default or new text.

• getText() – retrieves entered text.
• setColumns(int) – sets visible width in characters.

Example:

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JTextField tf = new JTextField(20);
panel.add(tf);
String input = tf.getText();

Summary Table:

Component Purpose Key Use

JLabel Display text/images Static instructions
ImageIcon Load images Attach to JLabel/Button
JTextField Text input from user Forms, search bars

Q.2.b. "Write a program to demonstrate a simple Swing application."

Simple Swing Application Program (10 Marks)

This example demonstrates:

• JFrame
• JLabel
• JButton
• JTextField
• ActionListener

java
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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class SimpleSwingApp {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create Frame
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Simple Swing App");
frame.setSize(300, 200);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
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// Create components
JLabel label = new JLabel("Enter your name:");
JTextField textField = new JTextField(15);
JButton button = new JButton("Submit");
JLabel outputLabel = new JLabel();

// Add ActionListener to button

button.addActionListener(e -> {
String name = textField.getText();
outputLabel.setText("Hello, " + name + "!");
});

// Add components to frame

frame.add(label);
frame.add(textField);
frame.add(button);
frame.add(outputLabel);

// Display frame
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

Explanation:

• JFrame is the window.

• JLabel is used to display static text and output.
• JTextField collects user input.
• JButton triggers an action.
• ActionListener handles the button click and displays a greeting.

Q.3.a. "Explain the key features of Swing with a sample program."

Key Features of Java Swing (Theory – 5 Marks):

1. Pluggable Look and Feel (PLAF)

o Swing allows changing the UI theme dynamically (e.g., Metal, Nimbus,
Windows).
o Developers can customize the look and feel of the application easily.
2. Lightweight Components
o Unlike AWT, Swing components are written entirely in Java.
o They don’t rely on platform-native GUI resources (no OS dependency).
3. Rich Set of Components
o Includes JButton, JLabel, JTable, JTree, JTabbedPane, etc.
o Suitable for building complex GUIs.
4. MVC Architecture
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o Uses the Model-View-Controller pattern.
o Separation of data (model), interface (view), and logic (controller).
5. Event Handling Support
o Supports powerful event handling using interfaces like ActionListener,
MouseListener, etc.
6. Double Buffering
o Provides smooth UI rendering by reducing flickering during UI updates.

Sample Swing Program (Code – 5 Marks)

java
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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class SwingFeatureDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create frame
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Swing Features");
frame.setSize(350, 200);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

// JLabel
JLabel label = new JLabel("Enter your city:");

// JTextField
JTextField textField = new JTextField(15);

// JButton
JButton button = new JButton("Submit");

// Output Label
JLabel output = new JLabel();

// Button Click Logic

button.addActionListener(e -> {
String city = textField.getText();
output.setText("You live in: " + city);
});

// Add components
frame.add(label);
frame.add(textField);
frame.add(button);
frame.add(output);

// Set Look and Feel (optional)

try {

UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
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} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Look and feel not set.");
}

frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

Summary (to wrap up):

• Swing is powerful for modern GUI apps.

• It supports custom themes, better performance, reusable components, and cleaner
architecture.
• The example shows basic Swing elements in action with event handling and user
interaction.

Q.3.b. "Write a program to demonstrate icons representing timepieces using JButton and
JToggleButton. When the button is pressed, the name of that timepiece should appear in a
JLabel."

Program to Display Timepiece Icons and Names

This program uses:

• JButton and JToggleButton with icons

• JLabel to display the name of the selected timepiece
• Event handling to detect button presses

You can use any timepiece icons like: clock.png, watch.png, timer.png, alarm.png.

Java Program:
java
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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class TimepieceIconDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create Frame
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Timepiece Icons");
frame.setSize(400, 300);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
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// Label to display the selected timepiece
JLabel label = new JLabel("Select a Timepiece");

// Create icons (use your actual image file paths)

ImageIcon clockIcon = new ImageIcon("clock.png");
ImageIcon watchIcon = new ImageIcon("watch.png");

// Create JButton and JToggleButton with icons

JButton btnClock = new JButton(clockIcon);
JToggleButton btnWatch = new JToggleButton(watchIcon);

// Add action listeners

btnClock.addActionListener(e -> label.setText("Clock"));
btnWatch.addActionListener(e -> {
if (btnWatch.isSelected()) {
label.setText("Watch");
} else {
label.setText("Select a Timepiece");
}
});

// Add components to frame

frame.add(btnClock);
frame.add(btnWatch);
frame.add(label);

frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

Q.4.a. Write a program to create a frame for a simple arithmetic calculator using swing
components and layout mangers.

Java Swing Program – Simple Arithmetic Calculator

This program performs basic arithmetic: Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division

It uses:

• JFrame, JTextField, JButton, JLabel

• GridLayout for layout management
• Event handling with ActionListener

Complete Java Code:

java
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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
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import java.awt.event.*;

public class CalculatorApp {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create Frame
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Simple Calculator");
frame.setSize(300, 250);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(5, 2, 10, 10)); // 5 rows, 2 columns

// Create Components
JLabel label1 = new JLabel("Number 1:");
JTextField field1 = new JTextField();

JLabel label2 = new JLabel("Number 2:");

JTextField field2 = new JTextField();

JLabel resultLabel = new JLabel("Result:");

JTextField resultField = new JTextField();
resultField.setEditable(false);

JButton addBtn = new JButton("Add");

JButton subBtn = new JButton("Subtract");
JButton mulBtn = new JButton("Multiply");
JButton divBtn = new JButton("Divide");

// Action Listeners
addBtn.addActionListener(e -> {
double a = Double.parseDouble(field1.getText());
double b = Double.parseDouble(field2.getText());
resultField.setText(String.valueOf(a + b));
});

subBtn.addActionListener(e -> {
double a = Double.parseDouble(field1.getText());
double b = Double.parseDouble(field2.getText());
resultField.setText(String.valueOf(a - b));
});

mulBtn.addActionListener(e -> {
double a = Double.parseDouble(field1.getText());
double b = Double.parseDouble(field2.getText());
resultField.setText(String.valueOf(a * b));
});

divBtn.addActionListener(e -> {
double a = Double.parseDouble(field1.getText());
double b = Double.parseDouble(field2.getText());
if (b != 0)
resultField.setText(String.valueOf(a / b));
else
resultField.setText("Cannot divide by zero");
});

// Add Components to Frame

frame.add(label1); frame.add(field1);
frame.add(label2); frame.add(field2);
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frame.add(addBtn); frame.add(subBtn);
frame.add(mulBtn); frame.add(divBtn);
frame.add(resultLabel); frame.add(resultField);

frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

Q.4.b. Explain the event handling mechanism used by Swing with an example program.

Event Handling in Swing (Theory – 5 Marks)

What is Event Handling?

Event handling is how Java programs respond to user actions like:

• Clicking a button
• Typing in a text field
• Selecting from a combo box, etc.

Swing uses Event Delegation Model:

This model has three main components:

1. Event Source – the component that generates the event (e.g., JButton)
2. Event Object – contains information about the event (ActionEvent, MouseEvent, etc.)
3. Event Listener – interface that receives and handles the event (ActionListener,
MouseListener, etc.)

How it works:

• You register a listener to a component using .addXListener() method.

• When an event occurs, the listener's method (like actionPerformed()) is automatically
executed.

Example Program: Button Click Event

java
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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class EventHandlingDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
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// Create Frame
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Event Handling Example");
frame.setSize(300, 200);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

// Create Components
JLabel label = new JLabel("Click the button:");
JButton button = new JButton("Click Me");

// Register ActionListener
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
label.setText("Button was clicked!");
}
});

// Add components
frame.add(label);
frame.add(button);

// Show frame
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

Explanation:

• JButton is the event source.

• ActionEvent is the event object triggered when the button is clicked.
• ActionListener is the event listener that handles the event.
• The actionPerformed() method defines what happens when the button is clicked.