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Arrays in Java

The document explains arrays in Java, defining them as collections of similar data types stored in contiguous memory locations. It covers the use of arrays for storing multiple values, accessing elements via index, and their application in sorting, searching, and various data structures. Additionally, it details the syntax and types of arrays, including one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and jagged arrays, along with examples for each type.

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0 views5 pages

Arrays in Java

The document explains arrays in Java, defining them as collections of similar data types stored in contiguous memory locations. It covers the use of arrays for storing multiple values, accessing elements via index, and their application in sorting, searching, and various data structures. Additionally, it details the syntax and types of arrays, including one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and jagged arrays, along with examples for each type.

Uploaded by

kshitijagdg202425
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arrays in Java:

1. What is an Array in Java?

An array is a collection of similar data types stored in contiguous memory locations. Arrays are used
to store multiple values in a single variable instead of declaring separate variables for each value.

2. Use of Arrays in Java

 Storing multiple values of the same data type together.

 Accessing elements using an index number.

 Useful in sorting and searching algorithms.

 Helps in reducing code redundancy.

 Used in matrices, graphs, and dynamic programming.

3. Syntax of Array in Java

Declaration and Initialization of an Array

dataType[] arrayName; // Declaring an array

arrayName = new dataType[size]; // Allocating memory

or

dataType[] arrayName = new dataType[size]; // Declaring and Allocating memory in one step

or

dataType[] arrayName = {value1, value2, value3, ...}; // Direct initialization

4. Types of Arrays in Java

4.1 One-Dimensional (1D) Array

A one-dimensional array stores elements in a single row.

Syntax

dataType[] arrayName = new dataType[size];

Use Case

Used in simple data storage, lists, queues, and searching algorithms.


Example: 1D Array

public class OneDArrayExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Declare and initialize an array

int[] numbers = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};

// Access and print array elements

System.out.println("Array Elements:");

for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {

System.out.println("Element at index " + i + " : " + numbers[i]);

Output

Array Elements:

Element at index 0 : 10

Element at index 1 : 20

Element at index 2 : 30

Element at index 3 : 40

Element at index 4 : 50

4.2 Two-Dimensional (2D) Array

A two-dimensional array is an array of arrays, represented in a matrix form.

Syntax

dataType[][] arrayName = new dataType[rows][columns];

or

dataType[][] arrayName = { {value1, value2}, {value3, value4} };

Use Case

Used in matrix operations, game development (grid-based games like Chess, Tic-Tac-Toe), and storing
tabular data.
Example: 2D Array (Matrix)

public class TwoDArrayExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Declare and initialize a 2D array

int[][] matrix = {

{1, 2, 3},

{4, 5, 6},

{7, 8, 9}

};

// Print the 2D array

System.out.println("2D Array (Matrix):");

for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) { // Row loop

for (int j = 0; j < matrix[i].length; j++) { // Column loop

System.out.print(matrix[i][j] + " ");

System.out.println(); // Move to the next row

Output

2D Array (Matrix):

123

456

789
4.3 Jagged Arrays

A jagged array is an array where each row can have a different number of columns.

Syntax

dataType[][] arrayName = new dataType[rows][];

Each row is initialized separately.

Use Case

Used when memory optimization is needed, such as in irregular data structures like triangle
matrices.

Example: Jagged Array

public class JaggedArrayExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Declare a jagged array with different column sizes

int[][] jaggedArray = new int[3][];

jaggedArray[0] = new int[]{1, 2}; // First row has 2 elements

jaggedArray[1] = new int[]{3, 4, 5}; // Second row has 3 elements

jaggedArray[2] = new int[]{6, 7, 8, 9}; // Third row has 4 elements

// Print the jagged array

System.out.println("Jagged Array:");

for (int i = 0; i < jaggedArray.length; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < jaggedArray[i].length; j++) {

System.out.print(jaggedArray[i][j] + " ");

System.out.println();

Output

Jagged Array:

12

345
6789

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