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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) - Overview

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that utilizes 'objects' containing data and methods, structured through classes. Key concepts include encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism, which promote modularity, reusability, scalability, and maintainability. Common OOP languages include Java, C++, Python, C#, and Ruby, making OOP a powerful model for software development.

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2 views3 pages

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) - Overview

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that utilizes 'objects' containing data and methods, structured through classes. Key concepts include encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism, which promote modularity, reusability, scalability, and maintainability. Common OOP languages include Java, C++, Python, C#, and Ruby, making OOP a powerful model for software development.

Uploaded by

Ekuma Emmanuel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) – Overview

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of


"objects", which can contain data in the form of fields (also known as attributes or properties),
and code in the form of methods (functions associated with the object). OOP is used to structure
a software program into simple, reusable pieces of code blueprints (usually called classes),
which are then used to create individual instances of objects.

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Key Concepts of OOP

1. Class
A class is a blueprint or template for creating objects. It defines attributes and behaviors
(methods) that the created objects (instances) will have.
Example:

class Car {
String color;
void drive() {
System.out.println("Driving the car");
}
}

2. Object
An object is an instance of a class. It is a real-world entity with state and behavior.
Example:

Car myCar = new Car();

3. Encapsulation
Encapsulation is the technique of wrapping the data (variables) and code (methods) together as
a single unit. It restricts direct access to some of the object's components, which can prevent
accidental modification.
Example: Using private variables and public getters/setters.

4. Abstraction
Abstraction means hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the essential
features of an object. It helps in reducing programming complexity.
5. Inheritance
Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class. This promotes
code reuse.
Example:

class Vehicle {
void move() {
System.out.println("Moving...");
}
}

class Car extends Vehicle {


void playMusic() {
System.out.println("Playing music");
}
}

6. Polymorphism
Polymorphism means the ability to take many forms. It allows methods to do different things
based on the object it is acting upon, even though they share the same name.
Example: Method Overloading and Method Overriding.

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Benefits of OOP

Modularity: Code is organized into separate objects and classes, making it easier to manage.

Reusability: Classes and objects can be reused in other programs or parts of the same
program.

Scalability: OOP systems can be easily updated and expanded.

Maintainability: Easier to troubleshoot and update specific parts of the program.

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Common OOP Languages

Java

C++

Python

C#

Ruby

---

Conclusion

Object-Oriented Programming provides a powerful model for organizing and structuring


software, making it more maintainable, flexible, and scalable. By focusing on real-world entities
and interactions, OOP helps developers build systems that are easier to understand and evolve
over time.

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