---18042025(class 04)

select
*from employees;

select to_char(sysdate, 'dd-mm-yyyy HH12:MI:SS') from dual;

---Chapter-05
---Using conversion funtion
select employee_id, last_name, to_char(salary,'99,99,999.00') "Salary", job_id,
hire_date from employees ;
select employee_id, last_name, to_char(salary,'99,99,999.99') "Salary", job_id,
hire_date from employees ;
---G for Group
select employee_id, last_name, to_char(salary,'99G99G999D99') "Salary", job_id,
hire_date from employees ;
select employee_id, last_name, to_char(salary,'99,99,999.00') "Salary", job_id,
to_char(hire_date,'DD/MM/YYYY') from employees ;
---Release extra space
select employee_id, last_name, to_char(salary,'99,99,999.00') "Salary", job_id,
to_char(hire_date,'fmDay "of" Month, YYYY') HIREDATE
from employees ;
select employee_id, last_name, to_char(salary,'99,99,999.00') "Salary", job_id,
to_char(hire_date,'fmddspth "of" Month, YYYY') HIREDATE
from employees ;
----Convert number
select employee_id, last_name, to_char(salary,'99,99,999.00') "Salary", job_id,
hire_date
from employees where salary> to_number('10,000','99,999');
---Character only equal expect

select employee_id, last_name, to_char(salary,'99,99,999.00') "Salary", job_id,

hire_date
from employees where trim(to_char(salary,'99,999'))= '10,000';
---convert Date
---conversion is two type i. auto conversion(implecit) ii. manual(explecit)
conversion
---Auto conversion
select employee_id, last_name, to_char(salary,'99,99,999.00') "Salary", job_id,
hire_date
from employees where department_Id= '40';

select employee_id, last_name, to_char(salary,'99,99,999.00') "Salary", job_id,

hire_date
from employees where hire_date = '07/june/02';
---Date convsion
select employee_id, last_name, to_char(salary,'99,99,999.00') "Salary", job_id,
hire_date
from employees where hire_date = to_date('07-06-02','dd-mm-yy');

select employee_id, last_name, to_char(salary,'99,99,999.00') "Salary", job_id,

hire_date
from employees where to_char(hire_date,'yyyymm') = '200305';
--Null convert actual value(number,date, character) value control
select employee_id, last_name, salary, nvl(commission_pct,0) "Comm"
from employees;
select employee_id, last_name, salary, nvl(commission_pct,0) "Comm",
salary*nvl(commission_pct,0) "Comm" , salary*nvl(commission_pct,0)+salary "Total
Salary"
from employees;
---nvl2(three parameters) Condition Check kore first argument is true then then
third expreesion execute hbe othewise second expression execute hbe.
select employee_id, last_name, salary, nvl2(commission_pct, salary +
salary*commission_pct,salary) "Comm", salary*nvl(commission_pct,0) "Comm" ,
salary*nvl(commission_pct,0)+salary "Total Salary"
from employees;

--nullif if length is equal then return null otherwise first expression will return
select employee_id, first_Name,last_name, salary,
nullif(length(first_name),length(last_name)) "Length"
from employees;
---Coalesce(parameter unlimited) search until get actual value

select employee_id, first_Name,last_name, salary, manager_id, commission_pct,

coalesce(manager_id,commission_pct,salary) "coalesce"
from employees;
---case is expression decode is function
select employee_id, first_Name,last_name, job_id,salary,
case when job_id= 'IT_PROG' then salary*1.10
when job_id like '%MAN%' then salary*1.15
when job_id in ('SA_REP', 'ST_CLERK') then salary*1.12
else salary*1.20 end "New Salary"
from employees;

select employee_id, first_Name,last_name, job_id,salary,

case job_id when 'IT_PROG' then salary*1.10
when 'SA_MAN' then salary*1.15
when 'SA_REP' then salary*1.12
else salary*1.20 end "New Salary"
from employees;
---Decode only work with equl condition
select employee_id, first_Name,last_name, job_id,salary,
decode(job_id, 'IT_PROG', salary*1.10
,'SA_MAN', salary*1.15
,'SA_REP', salary*1.12
,salary*1.20 ) "New Salary"
from employees;
--Difference between yy and rr
--0-49 current century or 50-99
--achi 0-49 disee 50-99 se bujbe prvious century
select employee_id, first_Name,last_name, job_id,salary,
decode(job_id, 'IT_PROG', salary*1.10
,'SA_MAN', salary*1.15
,'SA_REP', salary*1.12
,salary*1.20 ) "New Salary"
from employees where hire_date = to_char('24-Jul-05');
--Chapter -06
--Aggregated Function get group row return single row.
--group function automatically avoid null value.
select count(*), count(commission_pct),sum(salary) "Total Salary",
max(salary), min(salary), round(avg(salary)) "Avg Salary",
round(avg(commission_pct),2) "Agv Commission"
from employees;

select Department_id, count(*), count(commission_pct),sum(salary) "Total Salary",

max(salary), min(salary), round(avg(salary)) "Avg Salary",
round(avg(commission_pct),2) "Agv Commission"
from employees group by department_id;

---salary is greater than 50000

select Department_id, count(*), count(commission_pct),sum(salary) "TotalSalary",
max(salary), min(salary), round(avg(salary)) "Avg Salary",
round(avg(commission_pct),2) "Agv Commission"
from employees group by department_id having sum(salary)>=50000;

---list aggregate
select department_id, listagg(last_name,',') within group (order by last_name)
"Listagg"
from employees group by department_id;

-- joinig after 2004, department_id, sum salary

select Department_id, sum(salary) "TotalSalary", to_char(hire_date,'yyyy')

from employees where to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') > '2004'
group by department_id, to_char(hire_date,'yyyy');

select sum(salary) "TotalSalary", to_char(hire_date,'yyyy')

from employees

group by to_char(hire_date,'yyyy');

select department_id,
sum(CASE when to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') = 2001 then 1 else 0 end ) "2001",
sum(CASE when to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') = 2002 then 1 else 0 end ) "2002" ,
sum(CASE when to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') = 2003 then 1 else 0 end ) "2003" ,
sum(CASE when to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') = 2004 then 1 else 0 end ) "2004" ,
sum(CASE when to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') = 2005 then 1 else 0 end ) "2005" ,
sum(CASE when to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') = 2006 then 1 else 0 end ) "2006" ,
sum(CASE when to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') = 2007 then 1 else 0 end ) "2007" ,
sum(CASE when to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') = 2008 then 1 else 0 end ) "2008"
from employees
group by department_id order by 1;

---using count
select department_id,sum(CASE when to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') = 2001 then 1 else 0
end ) "2001",
count(CASE when to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') = 2002 then 1 end ) "2002" ,
count(CASE when to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') = 2003 then 1 end ) "2003" ,
count(CASE when to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') = 2004 then 1 end ) "2004" ,
count(CASE when to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') = 2005 then 1 end ) "2005" ,
count(CASE when to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') = 2006 then 1 end ) "2006" ,
count(CASE when to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') = 2007 then 1 end ) "2007" ,
count(CASE when to_char(hire_date,'yyyy') = 2008 then 1 end ) "2008"
from employees
group by department_id order by 1;

select count(distinct department_id)

from employees;

select distinct department_id

from employees where department_id is not null;

select max(avg(salary))

from employees group by department_id;

--Chapter 7
---joning
--inner join(matched data retrieved)
select e.employee_id, e.last_name, d.department_name, e.salary
from employees e, departments d
where e.department_id = d.department_id;

select e.employee_id, e.last_name, d.department_name, e.salary

from employees e join departments d
on (e.department_id = d.department_id);

select e.employee_id, e.last_name, d.department_name, e.salary

from employees e join departments d
using(department_id);

select e.employee_id, e.last_name, j.job_title, e.salary

from employees e natural join jobs j ;

select e.employee_id, e.last_name, d.department_name, e.salary, j.job_title,

l.city
from employees e, departments d,jobs j, locations l
where e.department_id = d.department_id
and e.job_id = j.job_id
and d.location_id = l.location_id;
---outer join
---left, right, full outer join
--left outer join
select e.employee_id, e.last_name, d.department_name, e.salary
from employees e left join departments d
on ( e.department_id = d.department_id);
select e.employee_id, e.last_name, d.department_name, e.salary
from employees e , departments d
where e.department_id = d.department_id(+);--left outer join

select e.employee_id, e.last_name, d.department_name, e.salary

from employees e , departments d, jobs j
where e.department_id = d.department_id(+)
and e.job_id = j.job_id;

select e.employee_id, e.last_name, d.department_name, e.salary

from employees e right join departments d
on ( e.department_id = d.department_id);

select e.employee_id, e.last_name, d.department_name, e.salary

from employees e full outer join departments d
on ( e.department_id = d.department_id);
--self join(like inner join)
select e.last_name, e.salary, m.last_name "Manager"
from employees e, employees m
where e.manager_id = m.employee_id(+);