DBMS PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS

TOPIC 1: RELATIONAL ALGEBRA

Schema:
- Employee(EmpID, EmpName, DeptID, Salary)
- Department(DeptID, DeptName, Location)
- Project(ProjID, ProjName, DeptID)
- WorksOn(EmpID, ProjID, Hours)

A. Select (σ)
1. Write relational algebra expression to retrieve employees in department 10.

Answer: σ DeptID=10 (Employee)

2. Write relational algebra expression to retrieve employees with salary > 50000.

Answer: σ Salary>50000 (Employee)

3. Write relational algebra expression to retrieve projects by department 20.

Answer: σ DeptID=20 (Project)

4. Write relational algebra expression to retrieve employees working more than 40 hours
on any project.

Answer: σ Hours>40 (WorksOn)

5. Write relational algebra expression to retrieve departments located in Bangalore.

Answer: σ Location='Bangalore' (Department)

B. Project (π)
6. Write relational algebra expression to list all employee names.

Answer: π EmpName (Employee)

7. Write relational algebra expression to list distinct department locations.

Answer: π Location (Department)

8. Write relational algebra expression to list employee IDs and salaries.

Answer: π EmpID, Salary (Employee)

9. Write relational algebra expression to list all project names.

Answer: π ProjName (Project)

10. Write relational algebra expression to list all department names.

Answer: π DeptName (Department)

C. Joins
11. Write relational algebra expression to retrieve employee names with their department
names.

Answer: π EmpName, DeptName (Employee ⨝ Department)

12. Write relational algebra expression to get employee-project pairs with hours.

Answer: Employee ⨝ WorksOn

13. Write relational algebra expression to get project names with department names.

Answer: Project ⨝ Department

14. Write relational algebra expression to retrieve employees and project names.

Answer: π EmpName, ProjName (Employee ⨝ WorksOn ⨝ Project)

15. Write relational algebra expression to get employee names and hours worked.

Answer: π EmpName, Hours (Employee ⨝ WorksOn)

D. Aggregate Functions
16. Write relational algebra expression to find average salary of all employees.

Answer: γ AVG(Salary) (Employee)

17. Write relational algebra expression to find number of employees in each department.

Answer: γ DeptID, COUNT(EmpID) (Employee)

18. Write relational algebra expression to find maximum salary.

Answer: γ MAX(Salary) (Employee)

19. Write relational algebra expression to find number of employees working on each
project.

Answer: γ ProjID, COUNT(EmpID) (WorksOn)

20. Write relational algebra expression to find average hours spent on each project.

Answer: γ ProjID, AVG(Hours) (WorksOn)

E. Set Theory
21. Write relational algebra expression to find employees not working on any project.
Answer: π EmpID (Employee) - π EmpID (WorksOn)

22. Write relational algebra expression to find DeptIDs in Employee but not in
Department.

Answer: π DeptID (Employee) - π DeptID (Department)

23. Write relational algebra expression to find employees working on all projects.

Answer: σ COUNT(ProjID)=TotalProjects (γ EmpID, COUNT(ProjID) (WorksOn))

24. Write relational algebra expression to find employees in department 10 or 20.

Answer: σ DeptID=10 (Employee) ∪ σ DeptID=20 (Employee)

25. Write relational algebra expression to find employees working on both Project A and
Project B.

Answer: π EmpID (σ ProjID='A' (WorksOn)) ∩ π EmpID (σ ProjID='B'

(WorksOn))

TOPIC 2: SQL QUERIES

Schema:
- Student(SID, SName, DeptID, Age)
- Department(DeptID, DName)
- Marks(SID, Subject, Marks)

SQL Questions
26. Insert a new student into the Student table.

Answer: INSERT INTO Student (SID, SName, DeptID, Age) VALUES (101, 'Ravi',
1, 20);

27. Delete all students from DeptID = 2.

Answer: DELETE FROM Student WHERE DeptID = 2;

28. Update age of student with SID = 101 to 21.

Answer: UPDATE Student SET Age = 21 WHERE SID = 101;

29. Add a new column Email to Student table.

Answer: ALTER TABLE Student ADD Email VARCHAR(100);

30. Select names of students older than 18.

Answer: SELECT SName FROM Student WHERE Age > 18;

31. Select student names and their department names.

Answer: SELECT S.SName, D.DName FROM Student S JOIN Department D ON
S.DeptID = D.DeptID;

32. Select students who scored more than average in DBMS.

Answer: SELECT SName FROM Student WHERE SID IN (SELECT SID FROM
Marks WHERE Subject = 'DBMS' AND Marks > (SELECT AVG(Marks) FROM
Marks WHERE Subject = 'DBMS'));

33. Count number of students in each department.

Answer: SELECT DeptID, COUNT(*) FROM Student GROUP BY DeptID;

34. Find departments with more than 5 students.

Answer: SELECT DeptID FROM Student GROUP BY DeptID HAVING

COUNT(*) > 5;

35. Select top 5 students by marks in DBMS.

Answer: SELECT SID, Marks FROM Marks WHERE Subject = 'DBMS' ORDER
BY Marks DESC LIMIT 5;

36. Select students who scored more than all students from DeptID=2.

Answer: SELECT SID FROM Marks WHERE Marks > ALL (SELECT Marks
FROM Student S JOIN Marks M ON S.SID = M.SID WHERE DeptID = 2);

TOPIC 3: TRIGGERS AND VIEWS

Views
37. Create a view to display student names and their department names.

Answer: CREATE VIEW StudentDeptView AS

SELECT S.SName, D.DName FROM Student S JOIN Department D ON S.DeptID
= D.DeptID;

38. Create a view to show student names and their marks in ‘DBMS’ only.

Answer: CREATE VIEW DBMSMarks AS

SELECT S.SName, M.Marks FROM Student S JOIN Marks M ON S.SID = M.SID
WHERE M.Subject = 'DBMS';

39. Create a view to show average marks per subject.

Answer: CREATE VIEW AvgSubjectMarks AS

SELECT Subject, AVG(Marks) AS AvgMarks FROM Marks GROUP BY Subject;
Triggers
40. Create a trigger to prevent inserting marks greater than 100.

Answer: CREATE TRIGGER check_marks_limit

BEFORE INSERT ON Marks
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF NEW.Marks > 100 THEN
SET NEW.Marks = 100;
END IF;
END;

41. Create a trigger to log every new student added into a log table.

Answer: CREATE TABLE StudentLog (SID INT, SName VARCHAR(100),

LogTime TIMESTAMP);

CREATE TRIGGER log_student_insert

AFTER INSERT ON Student
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
INSERT INTO StudentLog (SID, SName, LogTime)
VALUES (NEW.SID, NEW.SName, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);
END;

42. Create a trigger to automatically set age = 18 if age is not provided during student
insert.

Answer: CREATE TRIGGER default_age_trigger

BEFORE INSERT ON Student
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF NEW.Age IS NULL THEN
SET NEW.Age = 18;
END IF;
END;