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SQL

The document explains the fundamentals of databases, including the definition of data, the role of a Database Management System (DBMS), and the CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete). It details the classification of DBMS, specifically focusing on Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS), which store data in tables and require structured query language for communication. Additionally, it covers data types, constraints, and the importance of metadata in database management.

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Hitesh Mohanty
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0 views3 pages

SQL

The document explains the fundamentals of databases, including the definition of data, the role of a Database Management System (DBMS), and the CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete). It details the classification of DBMS, specifically focusing on Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS), which store data in tables and require structured query language for communication. Additionally, it covers data types, constraints, and the importance of metadata in database management.

Uploaded by

Hitesh Mohanty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL:

Data: Data are raw facts which describes the attribute of an entity.

 Database is a place or medium in which the data is stored in a systematic & organized
manner.
 We can perform the following operations on the database.

1.Create or Insert
2.Read or Retrieve
3.Update or modify
4.Delete or Drop
The above operation are universally known as ‘CRUD’ operation.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:-
DBMS is a software is use to maintain and manage the database.
DBMS provides two important feature security & authorization.
To communicate with DBMS we need query language.
In DBMS we store the data in the form of files.
CLASSIFICATION OF DBMS:-
1.Network DBMS
2.Hiearchical DBMS
3.Object Oriented DBMS
4.Relational DBMS
RDBMS :- It is a stable, flexible, scalable.
Relational model :-It was invented by computer Scientist named E.F Codd(Edgen Frank
Codd).
In relational Model we stored the data in the form of tables.
A logical combination of rows and columns is knows as table.
RDBMS:- RDBMS is a type of software that is used to maintain & manage the database.
RDBMS provides two important features security & authorization.
To communicate with RDBMS we need structured query language.
In RDBMS we stored the data in the form of tables.
RULES OF E.F Codd:- The data entered into the cell must be a single value data.*(atomic
value) why -To prevent database.
In RDBMS we can store the data in multiple tables if we need we can establish the relations
between the table by using key attributes.
In RDBMS we store everything in the form of tables including metdata.
Metadata- details about the the data is known as metadata.
Meta tables- The table in which metadata if stored is known as meta tables.
The data entered into the table can be valid in two step
1.By assigning datatypes.(Mandatory)
2.By assigning Constraints.(Optional)
Datatypes:-
It is used to specify the type or kind of data that has to be stored in a particular memory
location.
1.char
2.Varchar/varchar2
3.number
4.date
5.large object- 1.Character large object 2.Binary large object.
- Char is Special characters or alphanumeric
Syntax- CHAR(SIZE) it has fixed length memory allocation.
- Varchar is variable Lenth memory allocation.
Number- It is used to store numerical values.
Syntax- NUMBER(PRECISION,[SCALE])
Precision- Pre indicate the number of integer values that has to be stored.
The range of precision is 1 to 38.
There is no default value for precision.
Scale:-
Scale indicate the number of decimal values that have to be stored with in the precision.
The range of scale is (-84 to 127).
The default value of scale is zero.
Date- it is used to store dates in oracle specified format.
Syntax- DATE

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