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Python Notes With Answers

The document provides a comprehensive introduction to Python, covering its basic syntax, data types, functions, and object-oriented programming concepts. It also includes sections on file handling, error management, relational databases, GUI development with Tkinter, and machine learning tools such as Numpy, Pandas, and Scikit-learn. Each section is illustrated with code examples to facilitate understanding.

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deepakkumarsaw13
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19 views10 pages

Python Notes With Answers

The document provides a comprehensive introduction to Python, covering its basic syntax, data types, functions, and object-oriented programming concepts. It also includes sections on file handling, error management, relational databases, GUI development with Tkinter, and machine learning tools such as Numpy, Pandas, and Scikit-learn. Each section is illustrated with code examples to facilitate understanding.

Uploaded by

deepakkumarsaw13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT I

**UNIT I: Introduction to Python**

1. **Introduction to Python**: Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its

simplicity and readability. It supports multiple programming paradigms and has a vast standard

library.

2. **Use IDE to Develop Programs**: IDEs like PyCharm, VS Code, Thonny provide an environment

to write, run, and debug Python code efficiently with features like syntax highlighting and

auto-completion.

3. **Basic Coding Skills**:

Example:

```python

print("Hello, Python!")

```

4. **Data Types and Variables**:

```python

x = 10 # int

y = 3.14 # float

name = "KL" # str

```

5. **Working with Numeric Data**:

```python

a=5+3*2 # Output: 11
```

6. **Working with String Data**:

```python

s = "Python"

print(s.upper()) # Output: PYTHON

```

7. **Python Functions**:

```python

def greet(name):

return "Hello " + name

```

8. **Boolean Expressions**:

```python

x = 10 > 5 # True

```

9. **Selection Structure**:

```python

if x > 0:

print("Positive")

```

10. **Iteration Structure**:

```python
for i in range(5):

print(i)

```

11. **Working with Lists**:

```python

fruits = ["apple", "banana"]

fruits.append("orange")

```

12. **List of Lists**:

```python

matrix = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]

```

13. **Tuples**:

```python

t = (1, 2, 3)

```

14. **Dates and Times**:

```python

import datetime

print(datetime.datetime.now())

```

15. **Dictionaries**:
```python

student = {"name": "KL", "age": 20}

```

UNIT II
**UNIT II: Classes in Python**

1. **OOP Concepts**: Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction.

2. **Creating Classes and Objects**:

```python

class Student:

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

s = Student("KL")

```

3. **Constructors**: `__init__` is used for object initialization.

4. **Data Hiding**:

```python

self.__private = "hidden"

```

5. **Instance Methods**:

```python
def show(self):

print(self.name)

```

6. **Special Methods**: `__str__`, `__len__`, etc.

7. **Class Variables**: Shared among all instances.

8. **Inheritance**:

```python

class Teacher(Person):

pass

```

9. **Polymorphism**: Same method behaves differently in different classes.

10. **Custom Exceptions**:

```python

class MyError(Exception):

pass

```

11. **Iterators**:

```python

it = iter([1, 2, 3])

print(next(it))

```
12. **Generators**:

```python

def gen():

yield 1

```

13. **Decorators**:

```python

def decorator(func):

def wrapper():

print("Before")

func()

print("After")

return wrapper

```

UNIT III
**UNIT III: I/O and Error Handling**

1. **Data Streams**: Input/Output using streams (files, keyboard, etc.)

2. **File Handling**:

- Writing:

```python

with open("file.txt", "w") as f:

f.write("Hello")
```

- Reading:

```python

with open("file.txt", "r") as f:

print(f.read())

```

3. **Access Modes**: `r`, `w`, `a`, `r+`

4. **Error Handling**:

```python

try:

x=1/0

except ZeroDivisionError:

print("Can't divide by zero")

```

5. **Exception Hierarchy**: BaseException > Exception > ArithmeticError > ZeroDivisionError

6. **Multiple Exceptions**:

```python

try:

# code

except (IOError, ValueError):

pass

```
7. **Working with Directories**:

```python

import os

os.mkdir("new_folder")

```

UNIT IV
**UNIT IV: Relational Databases and GUI**

1. **SQL Statements**:

- SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

2. **SQLite with Python**:

```python

import sqlite3

conn = sqlite3.connect("data.db")

c = conn.cursor()

c.execute("CREATE TABLE users (id INT, name TEXT)")

conn.commit()

```

3. **GUI and Events** (Using Tkinter):

```python

from tkinter import *

def click():

print("Clicked")

btn = Button(text="Click", command=click)


btn.pack()

```

UNIT V
**UNIT V: Machine Learning Tools in Python**

1. **Numpy**:

```python

import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])

```

2. **Pandas**:

```python

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({"Name": ["A", "B"], "Age": [20, 21]})

```

3. **Matplotlib**:

```python

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.plot([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])

plt.show()

```

4. **Seaborn**:

```python
import seaborn as sns

sns.histplot([1,2,3,4])

```

5. **Scikit-learn**:

```python

from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression

```

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