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Data Structure

The document outlines essential data structures for mastering data science, including arrays, lists, dictionaries, sets, tuples, DataFrames, Series, queues, stacks, graphs, trees, heaps, and matrices. Each structure is defined, its significance explained, and practical use cases provided, emphasizing their roles in data manipulation and analysis. Understanding these data structures is crucial for efficient data handling and implementing machine learning algorithms.

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Samiran Sardar
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0 views15 pages

Data Structure

The document outlines essential data structures for mastering data science, including arrays, lists, dictionaries, sets, tuples, DataFrames, Series, queues, stacks, graphs, trees, heaps, and matrices. Each structure is defined, its significance explained, and practical use cases provided, emphasizing their roles in data manipulation and analysis. Understanding these data structures is crucial for efficient data handling and implementing machine learning algorithms.

Uploaded by

Samiran Sardar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sai Kumar Bysani

@saibysani18

Data Structures You


Must Know to Master
Data Science

https://www.linkedin.com/in/saibysani18/ Sai Kumar Bysani


Arrays

What it is:

Arrays are fixed-type collections stored in contiguous


memory, commonly handled via NumPy in Python.

Why it matters:

They power fast numerical operations, reduce memory


usage, and support vectorized computation—essential
for performance in large datasets.

Use Case:

Performing matrix operations in linear algebra, image


processing, or manipulating time series data for ML
models.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/saibysani18/ Sai Kumar Bysani


Lists

What it is:

Lists are dynamic arrays in Python that can store


elements of any type.

Why it matters:

They’re easy to use and ideal for collecting, storing, and


iterating through raw or intermediate data results.

Use Case:

Storing model predictions, aggregating errors during


validation, or batching rows during preprocessing.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/saibysani18/ Sai Kumar Bysani


Dictionaries

What it is:

Dictionaries are unordered key-value pair structures in


Python.

Why it matters:
They allow for fast lookups and structured storage of
related information, especially useful when mapping or
configuring models.

Use Case:
Storing hyperparameters like {‘learning_rate’: 0.01,
‘batch_size’: 32} or mapping encoded labels to class
names.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/saibysani18/ Sai Kumar Bysani


Sets

What it is:

Sets are unordered collections that store only unique


elements.

Why it matters:

They’re useful for deduplication, efficient membership


testing, and operations like union, intersection, and
difference.

Use Case:

Finding unique product categories in a dataset or


checking whether a value has already been processed.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/saibysani18/ Sai Kumar Bysani


Tuples

What it is:

Tuples are immutable sequences, meaning their content


cannot be changed after creation.

Why it matters:

They're efficient, safer for fixed data structures, and


commonly used where immutability is preferred—such
as dictionary keys.

Use Case:

Storing feature-label pairs for training loops or


representing coordinate values in geospatial data.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/saibysani18/ Sai Kumar Bysani


DataFrames

What it is:

DataFrames are 2D labeled tabular structures provided


by Pandas.

Why it matters:

They’re the backbone of data analysis and preprocessing


—ideal for slicing, cleaning, transforming, and analyzing
structured data.

Use Case:

Loading a CSV, filtering missing values, aggregating data


by group, and plotting trends using Pandas and Seaborn.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/saibysani18/ Sai Kumar Bysani


Series

What it is:

A Series is a one-dimensional labeled array from Pandas,


similar to a single column in a spreadsheet.

Why it matters:

They’re optimized for handling single-variable data


efficiently while preserving index labels.

Use Case:

Handling time-series sensor data or extracting one


column from a DataFrame for analysis or model input.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/saibysani18/ Sai Kumar Bysani


Queues

What it is:

Queues follow the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principle for


processing data.

Why it matters:

They’re essential in managing tasks or data chunks in


real-time pipelines where order of processing must be
preserved.

Use Case:

Handling incoming events in a data stream or


processing user inputs sequentially in ML workflows.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/saibysani18/ Sai Kumar Bysani


Stacks

What it is:

Stacks follow the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle for


managing data.

Why it matters:

They’re useful for tracking nested operations, recursion,


and managing backtracking logic in algorithms.

Use Case:

Navigating tree structures or implementing undo


mechanisms during data transformation.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/saibysani18/ Sai Kumar Bysani


Graphs

What it is:

Graphs consist of nodes and edges representing entities


and their relationships.

Why it matters:
They model relationships between data points, making
them powerful for recommendation systems and
network-based analysis.

Use Case:

Building social network graphs, product


recommendation engines, or fraud detection systems.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/saibysani18/ Sai Kumar Bysani


Trees

What it is:

Trees are hierarchical data structures with parent-child


relationships between nodes.

Why it matters:
They're the backbone of many ML models like decision
trees and are useful for organizing data that follows a
hierarchy.

Use Case:
Training classification models, organizing product
categories, or parsing structured data formats like
XML/JSON.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/saibysani18/ Sai Kumar Bysani


Heaps

What it is:

Heaps are binary trees designed to quickly access the min


or max element.

Why it matters:
They support efficient priority queue operations and
top-N extractions without full sorting.

Use Case:

Maintaining a leaderboard of top-performing users or


finding the top 10 highest-selling products.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/saibysani18/ Sai Kumar Bysani


Matrices

What it is:

Matrices are 2D numeric arrays that support a wide range


of linear algebra operations.

Why it matters:
They are at the core of machine learning algorithms—
from linear regression to deep learning.

Use Case:

Calculating weights, performing dot products, or applying


transformations in neural networks.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/saibysani18/ Sai Kumar Bysani


Sai Kumar Bysani
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