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Conditional Statements in Java

The document explains conditional statements in Java, which control the flow of execution based on specific conditions. It covers various types of decision-making statements such as if, if-else, nested-if, if-else-if, switch-case, and jump statements (break, continue, return). Best practices for using these statements are also provided to enhance code readability and maintainability.

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3 views12 pages

Conditional Statements in Java

The document explains conditional statements in Java, which control the flow of execution based on specific conditions. It covers various types of decision-making statements such as if, if-else, nested-if, if-else-if, switch-case, and jump statements (break, continue, return). Best practices for using these statements are also provided to enhance code readability and maintainability.

Uploaded by

baljasgurman
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Conditional Statements in Java

Decision-making statements in Java execute a block of code based on a


condition. Decision-making in programming is similar to decision-making in real
life. In programming, we also face situations where we want a certain block of
code to be executed when some condition is fulfilled.
A programming language uses control statements to control the flow of execution
of a program based on certain conditions. These are used to cause the flow of
execution to advance and branch based on changes to the state of a program. Java
provides several control statements to manage program flow, including:
 Conditional Statements: if, if-else, nested-if, if-else-if
 Switch-Case: For multiple fixed-value checks
 Jump Statements: break, continue, return
Types of Decision-Making Statements
 if
 if-else
 nested-if
 if-else-if
 switch-case
 jump - break, continue, return
1. Java if Statement
The if statement is the most simple decision-making statement. It is used to
decide whether a certain statement or block of statements will be executed
or not i.e. if a certain condition is true then a block of statements is
executed otherwise not.
Syntax:
if(condition) {
// Statements to execute if
// condition is true
}
Example:

Output
Inside If block
10 is less than 15
I am Not in if
2. Java if-else Statement
The if statement alone tells us that if a condition is true it will execute a
block of statements and if the condition is false it won't. But what if we
want to do something else if the condition is false? Here, comes the "else"
statement. We can use the else statement with the if statement to execute
a block of code when the condition is false.
Syntax:
if(condition){
// Executes this block if
// condition is true
}else{
// Executes this block if
// condition is false
}
Example

3. Java nested-if Statement

A nested if is an if statement that is the target of another if or else. Nested if


statements mean an if statement inside an if statement. Yes, java allows us
to nest if statements within if statements. i.e, we can place an if statement
inside another if statement.
Syntax:
if (condition1) {
// Executes when condition1 is true
if (condition2)
{
// Executes when condition2 is true
}}
Example:
// Java program to demonstrate the
// working of nested-if statement
import java.util.*;

class Geeks {
public static void main(String args[])
{
int i = 10;

if (i == 10 || i < 15) {

// First if statement
if (i < 15)
System.out.println("i is smaller than 15");
// Nested - if statement
// Will only be executed if statement above
// it is true
if (i < 12)
System.out.println(
"i is smaller than 12 too");
}
else {
System.out.println("i is greater than 15");
}}}
Output
i is smaller than 15
i is smaller than 12 too

4. Java if-else-if ladder


Here, a user can decide among multiple options.The if statements are
executed from the top down. As soon as one of the conditions controlling
the if is true, the statement associated with that 'if' is executed, and the rest
of the ladder is bypassed. If none of the conditions is true, then the final
else statement will be executed. There can be as many as 'else if' blocks
associated with one 'if' block but only one 'else' block is allowed with one
'if' block.
Syntax:
if (condition1) {
// code to be executed if condition1 is true
} else if (condition2) {
// code to be executed if condition2 is true
} else {
// code to be executed if all conditions are false
}
Example

5. Java Switch Case

The switch statement is a multiway branch statement. It provides an easy


way to dispatch execution to different parts of code based on the value of
the expression.
Syntax:
switch (expression) {
case value1:
// code to be executed if expression == value1
break;
case value2:
// code to be executed if expression == value2
break;
// more cases...
default:
// code to be executed if no cases match }
Example:
Out
put
It is 20
 The expression can be of type byte, short, int char, or an enumeration.
Beginning with JDK7, the expression can also be of type String.
 Duplicate case values are not allowed.
 The default statement is optional.
 The break statement is used inside the switch to terminate a statement
sequence.
 The break statements are necessary without the break keyword, statements
in switch blocks fall through.
 If the break keyword is omitted, execution will continue to the next case.
6. jump Statements
Java supports three jump statements: break, continue and return. These
three statements transfer control to another part of the program.
 Break: In Java, a break is majorly used for:

o Terminate a sequence in a switch statement (discussed above).


o To exit a loop.
o Used as a "civilized" form of goto.
 Continue: Sometimes it is useful to force an early iteration of a loop. That is,
you might want to continue running the loop but stop processing the
remainder of the code in its body for this particular iteration. This is, in
effect, a goto just past the body of the loop, to the loop's end. The continue
statement performs such an action.
Example: The below Java Program demonstrates how the
continue statement skip the current iteration when a condition is
true.
// Java program to demonstrates the use of
// continue in an if statement
import java.util.*;

class Geeks {
public static void main(String args[])
{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

// If the number is even


// skip and continue
if (i % 2 == 0)
continue;

// If number is odd, print it


System.out.print(i + " ");
}
}
}

Output
1 3 5 7 9

Return Statement
The return statement is used to explicitly return from a method.
That is, it causes program control to transfer back to the caller of
the method.
Example: The below Java program demonstrates how the return
statements stop a method and skips the rest of the code.
// Java program to demonstrate the use of return
import java.util.*;

public class Geeks {


public static void main(String args[])
{
boolean t = true;
System.out.println("Before the return.");

if (t)
return;

// Compiler will bypass every statement


// after return
System.out.println("This won't execute.");
}
}
Output
Before the return.
Best Practices for Decision-Making in Java
 Use switch for multiple exact matches, it improves readability.
 Try avoiding deep nesting.
 Always include default in switch for unexpected cases.
 Prefer if-else for range checks.

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