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Programming Concepts Answers

The document provides a comprehensive overview of programming concepts including compilers, variables, operators, loops, and error detection. It includes definitions, examples, and coding problems related to if-else statements, switch cases, and loops. Additionally, it covers naming conventions and operator precedence with practical examples in C programming.

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kingjordi82
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1 views3 pages

Programming Concepts Answers

The document provides a comprehensive overview of programming concepts including compilers, variables, operators, loops, and error detection. It includes definitions, examples, and coding problems related to if-else statements, switch cases, and loops. Additionally, it covers naming conventions and operator precedence with practical examples in C programming.

Uploaded by

kingjordi82
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming Concepts – Full Answer Sheet

✅ Part - 1
1. Compiler, Operators, Operands, Expression

- Compiler: A compiler translates high-level code (like C or Java) into machine-level


language for execution.
- Operators: Symbols that perform operations. Example: +, -, *, /.
- Operands: Values/variables on which operators work. Example: In a + b, a and b are
operands.
- Expression: Combination of operators and operands that produces a result. Example: a + b
- c.

2. Variables, Constants, Type Casting (with Examples)

- Variable: A named memory location. Example: int age = 20;


- Constant: A fixed value. Example: const float PI = 3.14;
- Type Casting: Changing one data type into another. Example: float a = (float) 5 / 2; //
Output: 2.5

3. Tokens, Keywords, Format Specifiers

- Tokens: Smallest elements of a program (keywords, identifiers, constants, symbols).


- Keywords: Reserved words. Example: int, return, if, else.
- Format Specifiers:
%d → Integer
%f → Float
%c → Character
%s → String

✅ Part - 2
4. Variable Naming Convention (Valid & Invalid)

- Valid: studentName, marks_1, _total


- Invalid: 1name, class%, my name

5. Operators Definition and Example

- Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %
- Relational: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
- Logical: &&, ||, !

6. Loop Definition
- For Loop: for(int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) { printf("%d ", i); }
- While Loop: int i = 1; while(i <= 5) { printf("%d ", i); i++; }
- Do-While Loop: int i = 1; do { printf("%d ", i); i++; } while(i <= 5);

7. If-Else Definition with Structure

int a = 10, b = 20;


if(a > b) {
printf("A is greater");
} else {
printf("B is greater");
}

8. Switch Case with Structure

int day = 3;
switch(day) {
case 1: printf("Monday"); break;
case 2: printf("Tuesday"); break;
case 3: printf("Wednesday"); break;
default: printf("Invalid Day");
}

9. Error Detection

- Syntax error: missing ;


- Undeclared variable: using a variable not defined
- Type mismatch: assigning float to int without casting

10. Operators Precedence (Show Output Step by Step)

int result = 5 + 2 * 3;
Multiplication first: 2 * 3 = 6
Then addition: 5 + 6 = 11
Output: 11

11. Naming Convention – Valid and Invalid Check

- Valid: age, roll_no, name123


- Invalid: 123name, student-name, total marks

✅ Code-Related Problems
1. If-Else (Greatest of 3 Numbers, Even or Odd)

int a = 5, b = 10, c = 7;
if(a > b && a > c)
printf("A is greatest");
else if(b > c)
printf("B is greatest");
else
printf("C is greatest");

// Even or Odd
int x = 9;
if(x % 2 == 0)
printf("Even");
else
printf("Odd");

2. Switch Case (Grading and Day)

int marks = 85;


switch(marks / 10) {
case 9: printf("Grade A"); break;
case 8: printf("Grade B"); break;
case 7: printf("Grade C"); break;
default: printf("Fail");
}

int day = 2;
switch(day) {
case 1: printf("Sunday"); break;
case 2: printf("Monday"); break;
case 3: printf("Tuesday"); break;
//...
}

3. Nested Loop (Pyramid Pattern)

for(int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {


for(int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
printf("* ");
}
printf("\n");
}

4. Number Printing (for loop)

for(int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {


printf("%d\n", i);
}

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