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1. D What is the difference between Phong model of light sources and the reality?
A. Phong assumes infinite light sources, while in reality, shadows and inter-reflec-
tions occur
B. Phong assumes diffuse light only, while in reality, discrete light sources create
shadows

2. B What are the two traditional methods suggested for modeling light effects based
on surface characteristics?
A. Ray tracing for matte surfaces and radiosity for specular surfaces
B. Ray tracing for mostly specular surfaces and radiosity for mostly matte surfaces
C. Radiosity for both matte and specular surfaces
D. Ray tracing for both matte and specular surfaces

3. A What is the transformation where the transformation matrix is as follows?

A. Scale 2 and translate 1 along x axis, translate 2 along y axis . Scale 2 and translate
2 along x axis, translate 1 along y axis
B C. Translate 2 along x axis, translate 1 along y axis
D. Scale 2 and translate 2 along x axis, keep unchanged to y axis
201 T=02 2 001

4. B What is image processing generally focused on achieving?

A. Generating textual information from images
B. Extracting useful information and enhancing images
C. Converting images into audio signals
D. Creating three-dimensional representations of images

5. A Which approach is employed to spread the range of intensity to make full use of
possible values?
A. Contrast stretching
B. Gray world
C. Ground truth
D. Histogram equalization

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6. A What is the primary purpose of the Fourier transform in signal processing and
image analysis?
A. Frequency analysis
B. Noise reduction
C. Edge detection
D. Color correction

7. A How does the sampling rate affect the representation of frequencies in the Fourier
transform of a signal?
A. A higher sampling rate increases frequency accuracy.
B. A lower sampling rate increases frequency accuracy.
C. It has no effect on frequency representation.
D. A higher sampling rate decreases frequency accuracy.

8. C What is an advantage of utilizing a series of one-dimensional transforms over

large, non-separable,two-dimensional filter kernels in image processing?
A. Improved color accuracy
B. Enhanced detail preservation
C. Increased computational efficiency
D. Reduced memory requirements

9. D When preventing aliasing, what additional step may be required before applying
a shearing transformation in image processing?
A. Downsampling in the both directions
B. Applying a non-separable filter kernel
C. Adjusting the color space transformation
D. Upsampling in the opposite direction

10. D What is true about the Elliptical Weighted Average (EWA) filter?
A. It relies on an single-pixel computation
B. Affine mapping introduces a skewed two-dimensional coordinate system in the
distance of each source
pixel x
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C. Ellipsoidal projection of a small pixel grid in source pixel onto destination pixel
is computed
D. Gaussian filtering whose inverse covariance matrix is this ellipsoid is used

11. A What is the Nyquist frequency in the context of Fourier transform?

A. Half of the sampling frequency
B. The highest frequency in the signal
C. The frequency at which the signal becomes periodic
D. The frequency corresponding to the imaginary part of the spectrum

12. C Why is pre-filtering necessary to prevent aliasing in computer graphics?

A. To enhance image resolution
B. To reduce the computational cost
C. To minimize distortion during texture mapping
D. To maintain a consistent resampling rate

13. A What does the "consensus" in RANSAC refer to?

A. The majority of inliers in the data set
B. The average value of the data points
C. The deviation of the model from the data
D. The total number of iterations performed

14. A In the Harris Corner Detector, what property of corners is exploited for detection?
A. High gradient magnitude
B. High pixel intensity
C. Low gradient magnitude
D. Low pixel intensity

15. A Which type of following spaces does the Hough Transform often use for repre-
senting lines in parameter space?
A. Polar space
B. Cartesian space

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C. Transform space
D. Gradient space

16. B How is the orientation of the gradient computed? (I: intensity at pixels, x: x
coordinate of pixel, y: y coordinate of pixel)
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
dI/dy dI/dx
I
tan-1 dI/dy
II
dI/dx dI/dy
tan-1 dI/dx
III
IV

17. B Which of the following operators utilizes Laplacian of Gaussian?

A. Prewitt operator
B. Canny operator
C. Sobel (3x3)
D. Sobel (5x5)

18. A How does SIFT handle rotations for keypoint matching?

A. By aligning keypoints based on dominant orientation
B. By rotating the entire image to a standard orientation
C. By using a fixed orientation for all keypoints
D. By discarding keypoints with varying orientations

19. A What is true about image segmentation?

A. An image is broken into many regions using the characteristics of pixels to
identify objects
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B. The representation of an image is changed into something containing more

complex information to analyze
C. Color is assigned to every pixel of an image
D. Not at all

20. B What should we do if the goal is to detect dark lines against a light background
using the basic masks in convolution based technique?
A. Apply gradient-based edge detection
B. Negate the mask values
C. Adjust the convolution kernel size
D. Increase the image resolution

21. AB (Choose 2 answers)

What are the factors influencing the evolution of digital image processing? (2
options)
A. Computer development
B. mathematical progress
C. Social media trends
D. Narrow range of a specific application

22. B A. First derivative

Which of the following methods identifies edges in an image by zero-crossing
technique?
B. Second derivative
C. Prewitt operator
D. Robert operator

23. D When dealing with image classification, what kind of challenges do we face with
images?
A. Variations due to scaling
B. Variations due to illumination
C. Image occlusion
D. All the above
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24. A In K mean segmentation, what does "K" represent?

A. Number of clusters
B. Number of nearest neighbors
C. The kernel size of each cluster
D. Kernels in an image

25. A How many colour channels does a Grayscale image have?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

26. A What is the purpose of the internal energy term in the Snake Model?
A. To penalize large deformations of the contour
B. To attract the contour towards object boundaries
C. To perform non-maximum suppression
D. To adjust the intensity of edge pixels

27. B How many steps are there in the task of face recognition?
A. 1
B. 4
C. 2
D. 3

28. A What is parallax in the context of imaging?

Which type of A. Shift in the position of objects with a change in viewpoint
information does B. Image distortion due to lens imperfections
Optical Flow NOT C. Chromatic aberration in images
provide? D. The blurring effect caused by motion during image capture
A. Acceleration of
objects
B. Velocity of pix-
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el motion
C. Direction of
pixel motion
D. Location of
keypoints\A

29. D Which of the following is an application of computer vision?

A. Security
B. Robotics
C. Medicine
D. All of the above

30. D What is not true about image stitching?

A. It is the process of combining multiple photographic images with overlapping
fields of view
B. It is used in forensic and investigate science for the reconstruction of torn
paper
C. It is used to complete mapping of a particular place
D. It maps two pixels that have similar intensity from two adjacent images

31. C The lower limit of the dynamic range ratio can be determined by_
A. Contrast
B. Saturation
C. Noise
D. Brightness

32. C ....is the process of combining multiple photographic images with overlapping
fields of view to produce a segmented panorama or high-resolution image.
A. Image preprocessing
B. Image subtraction
C. Image stitching
D. Image acquisition

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33. C What is not true object detection?

A. It is the task of detecting instances of objects of a certain class within an image
B. It allows to identify and locate objects in a video
C. It recognizes with a contour in the image
D. It detects instances of semantic objects of a certain class

34. A is a parameter estimation approach designed to cope with a large proportion of

outliers in the input data
A. RANSAC
B. Mean shift
C. K-mean
D. Canny edge detection

35. D Which of the following disadvantages of Snake model?

A. Sensitive to local minima states
B. Not works perfectly even for binary images
C. dependent
D. All of the above

36. A Cylindrical is used if the camera is level and we have only rotation around its
vertical axis
A. True
B. False

37. wedge}k) How is the required minimum number of trials calculated in RANSAC algorithm,
B. given P, the probability of success after S trails, p, the probability of inliers and k,
log(1-P)^{*}log(1-p^{\wedge}k)
the number of random samples inliers?
C. A. log(1-P)/log(1-p^{
log[(1-P)(1-p^{\wedge}k)]
D.
.log[(1-P)/(1-p^{\wedge}k)]\A

38. A
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What does RANSAC stand for in the context of computer vision?

A. Random Sample Consensus
B. Random Assignment for Numerical Stability in Alignment and Classification
C. Robust Analysis for Noisy and Scattered Alignment of Components
D. Recursive Alignment and Sampling for Numerical Convergence

39. A What is the key idea behind the RANSAC algorithm for 2D alignment?
A. Iteratively estimating a model from a subset of inliers
B. Minimizing the sum of squared differences
C. Maximizing mutual information between images
D. Employing kernel density estimation for feature matching

40. A The dynamic range of the imaging system is a quantitative relation where the
upper limit can be determined by
A. Saturation
B. Contrast
C. Noise
D. Brightness

41. A What system does the digital camera use to perform the digitization of images?
A. Sensor system
B. Number system
C. Logic system
D. Optical system

42. C Which of the following methods of traditional detection?

A. YOLO
B. RCNN
C. Hog detector
D. Retina Net

43. C Which of the following is not an Image filters used in OpenCV?

A. Box Filter
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B. Bilateral Filter
C. Blue Blur
D. Build Pyramid

44. C What is the range of the spectrum that humans can see as colors?
A. 200nm-500nm
B. 300nm-600nm
C. 400nm-700nm
D. 500nm-900nm

45. A What is meant by image segmentation in image processing?

A. Image segmentation is the division of an image into regions or categories,
which correspond to different objects or parts of objects.
B. Image segmentation is a method in which a digital image is broken down into
various subgroups based their color or position
C. All of the others
D. None of the others

46. B Choose the best answer about digital image

A. The digital image is a two-dimensional array of color
B. The digital image is a matrix of pixels.
C. The digital images are composed of a combination of colors.
D. The digital images are created from digital cameras through a mechanical
system.

47. A Choose the best answer about chromatic aberration:

A. Chromatic aberration is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same point.
B. Chromatic aberration the index of refraction of glass varies slightly as a function
frequency.
C. Chromatic aberration is different wavelengths focus at slightly same distances.
D. All of the others

48. C
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In Fourier transform, what is the abbreviation for DFT?

A. 49/50-CAP Fourier Transform
B. Distribute Fourier Transform
C. Discrete Fourier Transform
D. Discontinous Fourier Transform

49. C What are the fields related to computer vision?

A. AUTO CAP ON Cessing, graphics algorithms, Cognitive sciences.
B. Robotics, Neurobiology, Information retrieval
C. All of the others
D. Not of others

50. B Choose the best description of the Fourier Transform

A. Fourier transform is a mathematical function which transforms a signal from the
frequency domain to the time domain.
B. The Fourier Transform is an important image processing tool which is used to
decompose an image into its sine and cosine components
C. In the Fourier domain image, each point represents a particular spatial con-
tained in the frequency domain image.
D. All of the others

51. A A. Computer Vision is a field of computer science that enables the computer to
understand just like a human.
B. Computer Vision is the analysis and manipulation of a digitized image, espe-
cially in order to improve its quality.
C. Computer Vision is the study of computers and computational systems like
electrical and computer engineers.
D. Computer Vision is a task defined as the technical analysis of an image by using
complex algorithms.

52. D What are the differences between correlation and convolution?

A. Convolution is measurement of total noise of one image on the other image.
B. The mathematical calculation of Correlation is difference as convolution in time
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domain
C. If the filter is asymmetrical then the output of both the expression would be
same.
D. Correlation is measurement of the similarity between two image.

53. B Choose the best answer about Photometry:

A. Photometry is proportional to the amount of light directed by the surface patch
which projects onto the computer.
B. Photometry is the science of the measurement of light, in terms of its perceived
brightness to the human eye
C. Photometry is the phenomenon of light being absorbed when it reaches the
surface of the matter.
D. All of the others

54. D Which of the following studies various techniques to classify patterns?

A. Image Processing
B. Photogrammetry
C. Image Recognition
D. Pattern Recognition

55. A In K-means for Segmentation, what is the meaning of K value?

A. It represents the number of clusters.
B. It represents the number of images.
C. It represents the step of clusters.
D. It represents the color groups.

56. C The ....... is based on the observation that the affine mapping x = Ax' defines a
skewed two-dimensional coordinate system in the vicinity of each source pixel x.
Choose the best answer
A. MIP Mapping filter
B. Gaussian White filter
C. Elliptical Weighted Average (EWA) filter
D. Multi pass filter
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57. B It is performed fully automated image stitching is a technique to recognize which

images actually go together.What is the exact name of this process?
A. Panoramas creating
B. Recognizing panoramas
C. Parallax removal
D. Bundle Adjustment

58. D Object recognition consists of ........ objects within a picture with a given degree
of confidence. Choose the best correct answer
A. Detection, identifying, and locating
B. Identifying, and locating
C. Detection and locating
D. Recognizing, identifying, and locating

59. B In image processing, what is the next step after feature detection?
A. Preprocessing
B. Feature description
C. Feature combination
D. Noise remove(filters)

60. C What is the Difference Between Cylindrical and Spherical Panoramas?

A. By using spherical panoramas you can effortlessly capture any area in all
directions.
B. Cylindrical panoramas cover an entire 360 degree, except for the up and down
view.
C. Spherical panoramas on the other hand not only capture the 360-degree view
but also take into account the horizontal and vertical view.
D. Cylindrical panoramas are the best of the lot, as they can be taken without the
tripod being seen or the photographer's shadow.

61. D Why use the image feature for processing, rather than using the whole image
A. In the photo, we are only interested in the color, as well as the size of the photo.
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B. Use features to be able to apply more advanced techniques later like deep
learning.
C. It reduces the number of resources required to describe a large set of data
D. All of the others

62. D Choose the best answer about 2D Lines

A. A line is a straight one-dimensional figure having no thickness and extending
infinitely in both directions.
B. Lines are an idealization of such objects, which are often described in terms of
two points
C. Line in the plane is often defined as the set of points whose coordinates satisfy
a given linear equation.
D. All of others

63. C It is usually performed by locating the moving object, which is represented

by an embryonic object region, from one frame to the next: multi-view based,
template-based. It refers to the object's shape and appearance. What is the exact
name of this approach for object tracking? Choose the best correct answer
A. Kernel Tracking
B. Point tracking
C. Contour tracking
D. Features tracking

64. D Active contour is described as an active model for the process of segmentation.
Which of the following algorithms is used in active contour? Choose the best
answer
A. Snakes model
B. Scissors model
C. Sets model
D. All of the others

65. B What is translation transformation?

A. We rotate the object at a particular angle (theta) from its origin
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B. It moves an object to a different position on the screen.

C. It changes the size of an object.
D. It is scaling, skewing, and rotation.

66. C ...is a method of enhancing the image quality of textures on surfaces of computer
graphics that are at oblique viewing angles with respect to the camera where the
projection of the texture. Choose the best answer
A. MIP Mapping filter
B. Elliptical Weighted Average (EWA) filter
C. Anisotropic filtering
D. Gaussian White filter

67. D What is image filter? Choose the best answer

A. Filtering is a technique for modifying or enhancing an image.
B. Filters are just systems that form a new, and preferably enhanced, image from
a combination of the original image's pixel values.
C. Filtering is a neighborhood operation, in which the value of any given pixel in
the output image is determined by applying some algorithm to the values of the
pixels in the neighborhood of the corresponding input pixel.
D. All of the others

68. C Algorithms used for face detection based on what set features to recognize faces?
Choose the best correct answer
A. Eyes, eyebrows, nose, hair, jaw
B. Eyes, eyebrows, nose, neck, mouth
C. Eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth, jaw
D. Eyes, eyebrows, jaw, neck, ear

69. C Choose the best description of the convolution- Kernel

A. It is an array-representative for transforming images from different spatial
domains.
B. It is the process of adding each element of the image to its local neighbors,
weighted by the intensity value.
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C. It is a small matrix used to clarify certain features.

D. It is used in all filters to increase the brightness of the image.

70. C Choose the best description of the contrast stretching

A. It is used as a filter, removing noise like salt and pepper
B. It is also known as Invert-Normalization
C. It improves an image by stretching the range of intensity values it contains.
D. It is a way of representing histogram in terms of light balance implementation

71. D Which of the following is an application of Computer Vision?

A. 22/50-CAP
B. Medicine
C. Security
D. All of the others

72. A ..... is the process of dividing an image into different regions based on the
characteristics of pixels to identify objects or boundaries to simplify an image and
more efficiently analyze it. Choose the best correct answer
A. Image segmentation
B. Image analysis
C. Object detection
D. Object recognition

73. D The ...... treats the image it operates upon like a topographic map, with the
brightness of each point representing its height, and finds the lines that run along
the tops of ridges. Choose the best correct answer
A. Image transformation
B. Heuristic transformation
C. Hybrid transformation
D. Watershed transformation

74. D Choose the best description about global alignment in image stitching
A. Global alignment requires the non-linear minimization of an error term, which
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is defined from point correspondences.

B. Global alignment is still needed to obtain a globally coherent mosaic.
C. The goal of global alignment is then to find a globally consistent set of align-
ment parameters that minimize the misregistration between all pairs of images.
D. All of the others

75. B Edge detection is a technique widely used in image processing, as well as

computer vision. It reduces the amount of data in an image and preserves the
structural properties of an image. So what do you understand abı 26/50-CAP
detection?
A. Edge Detection is a method of segmenting an image into regions of continuity.
B. Edge detection allows users to observe the features of an image for a significant
change in the gray level.
C. Edge detection can be defined as a set of connected pixels that forms a
boundary between two disjoint regions
D. All of the others

76. B It is an approach that identifies, for every pixel, a belonging instance of the object.
It detects each distinct object of interest in the image. What is the exact name of
this process?
A. Semantic detection
B. Instance segmentation
C. Instance detection
D. Semantic segmentation

77. A Choose the best description of the line detection using the convolution based
technique
A. A convolution-based technique that produces an image description of the thin
lines in an input image
B. These kernel masks are tuned for dark lines against a grey background
C. A convolution-based technique is the foundation of deep learning models.
D. All of the others

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78. A It is a technique for efficiently finding peaks in this high-dimensional data distri-
bution without ever computing the complete function explicitly. What is the exact
name of this technique in image segmentation?
A. Mean shift model
B. K-mean clustering model
C. Gaussian Mixture Models
D. K- nearest model

79. C Choose the best description of the Prewitt operator for edge detection
(Choose 1 answer)
A. It detects the overlap edges of an image.
B. It is one of the best ways to detect the color intensity and magnitude of an
image
C. It is a good performance on detecting vertical and horizontal edges
D. It is never a good choice to detect the orientation of an image

80. D Choose the best description of the Fourier Transform

A. The Fourier Transform is a device that breaks a waveform into an alternate
representation, characterized by sine and cosines.
B. The Fourier Transform shows that any waveform can be re-written as the sum
of sinusoidal functions.
C. The Fourier Transform gives us a unique and powerful map of viewing these
waveforms.
D. All of the others

81. D What is the use of the geometric transformations in real life?

A. Align multiple images that were clicked at different times.
B. Correct images for avoiding lens distortion.
C. Images according to camera orientation.
D. All of the others

82. A How are pixel transforms understood? Choose the best correct answer
A. Those are transformation techniques based on pixel-by-pixel processing.
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B. Those are transformation techniques based on pixel-by-cluster processing.

C. Those are transformation techniques based on pixel-by-image processing.
D. Those are transformation techniques based on cluster-by-cluster processing.

83. B How does the shutter speed parameter in digital cameras work?
A. Adjusting amplification and black level to get a "good fit" of the incident light
power to the range of the image
B. Controls the amount of light reaching the sensor
C. The physical spacing between adjacent sensor cells on the imaging chip
D. The active sensing area size as a fraction of the theoretically available sensing
area

84. B Suppose we have two images at two different times: I(x,y,t) and I(x,y,t+1). How to
estimate pixel motion from image l(x,y,t) to l(x,y,t+1)?
A. Put two images on top of each other and calculate the closest distance of I(x,y,t)
and I(x,y,t+1)
B . Given a pixel in I(x,y,t), look for nearby pixels of the same color in I(x,y,t+1)
C. Use the interpolation method to estimate the next positions of I(x,y,t).
D. Based on the color of each pixel at the position I(x,y,t) relative to the overall
image at time t+1

85. B What is the main approach of feature-based alignment?

A. Align the 4 corners of two photos
B. Finding a way to recover an image's angle through spatial transformations
C. Overlap the pictures together and find similarities between them
D. Find a few matching features in both images then compute alignment

86. A It is a type of image segmentation, where we change the pixels of an image to

make the image easier to analyze. We convert an image from color or grayscale
into a binary image, i.e., one that is simply black and white. What is the exact name
of this process?
A. Thresholding Segmentation.
B. Edge-Based Segmentation.
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C. Region-Based Segmentation.
D. Watershed Segmentation.

87. D Choose the best description of the Hough transform

A. The Hough transform is a technique that can be used to isolate features of a
particular shape within an image.
B. Hough transform can be employed in applications where a simple analytic
description of a feature is not possible.
C. The main advantage of the Hough transform technique is that it is tolerant
of gaps in feature boundary descriptions and is relatively unaffected by image
noise.
D. All of the others

88. D Line detection is an important step in image processing. There are two techniques
applied to line search. The first technique is the Hough transform. So what is the
second technique? Choose the best correct answer
A. Content-based techniques
B. Edge detection technique
C. Gaussian technique
D. Convolution based technique

89. D Object detection method has two approaches. In which the non-neural approach
is widely used in computer vision. Which of the following algorithms belongs to
the category of non-neural approach?
A. Mean shift model
B. Single Shot MultiBox Detector
C. RANdom Sample Consensus
D. Histogram of oriented gradients

90. D After extracted features and their descriptors from two or more images then the
next is to establish some preliminary feature matches between these images.
Which name is it called?
A. Feature reduce
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B. Feature combination
C. Feature compression
D. Feature matching

91. C ...is a technique of image processing used to identify points in a digital image with
discontinuities sharp changes in the image brightness. Choose the best answer
A. Peak detector
B. Peak descriptor
C. Edge detection.
D. Edge descriptor

92. C are probabilistic models and use the soft clustering approach for distributing the
points in different clusters.
A. K-mean clustering model
B. SVN model
C. Gaussian Mixture Models
D. K- nearest model

93. C How are thresholding methods implemented? Choose the best answer
A. It replaces each pixel in an image with a black pixel if the image intensity is less
than some fixed constant.
B. It replaces each pixel in an image with a white pixel if the image intensity is
greater than that constant.
C. The first and second is correct
D. The first or second is correct

94. B The most difficult part of getting a fully automated stitching algorithm to work
is deciding which pairs of images actually correspond to the same parts of the
scene. What is the best solution to solve these issues? Choose the best correct
answer
A. Using a feature-based approach to remove objects from image frames. Then
we get a completed panoramas image.
B. Using a direct pixel-based comparison between the registered images to
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determine if they actually are different views of the same scene.

C. To find the similarity of adjacent images, we determine whether the properties
match or not, using the image combination method.
D. All of the others

95. D Choose the best answer about the illumination model:

A. The illumination model describes the process of absorbing light from an
artificial source and is represented in 2D space.
B. The illumination model is a spatial transformation, used to describe the trans-
formation of 3D space to 2D space.
C. The illumination model used to calculate the intensity of light emitted from
natural light sources (Sun, moor
D. The illumination model describes inputs, assumptions, and outputs used to
calculate the brightness of surface elements

96. B Choose the best description of the gaussian smoothing

A. Gaussian smoothing is the result of blurring an image by a Laplace function.
B. It enhance image structures at different scales.
C. Smooth blur resembling that of replace the image through a translucent
screen
D. All of the others

97. A ...is the process by which an existing graph, or graphed equation, is modified to
produce a variation of the proceeding graph. Choose the best answer
A. Graph transformation
B. Image transformation
C. Graph computing
D. Image computing

98. B Choose the best answer about color space

A. Color space is the term for a system that uses a specific image model to translate
color into numbers.
B. A color space is a specific organization of colors.
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C. System that turns image into numbers.

D. Color spaces are mathematical models describing the way image can be
represented.

99. D Which of the following algorithms is used for feature detection?

A. Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT)
B. Harris Corner Detector
C. Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST)
D. All of the others

100. D ...can be used to find a sparse set of corresponding locations in different images.
Choose the best answer
A. Edge features
B. Line features
C. Object features
D. Point features

101. A A. Mean shift model

It is a technique for efficiently finding peaks in this high-dimensional data distri-
bution without ever computing the complete function explicitly. What is the exact
name of this technique in image segmentation?
B. K-mean clustering model
C. Gaussian Mixture Models
D. K- nearest model

102. C A. Projective transformation

An is a transformation that preserves collinearity and the ratio of distances. Choose
the best answer
B. Euclidean transformation
C. Affine transformation
D. Similarity transformation

103. C
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The basic idea of is to break the image into a set of disjoint regions which are
coherent within themselves.Choose the best correct answer
A. Region combination
B. Object combination
C. Region splitting
D. Object splitting

104. C Choose the best description of the convolution- Kernel

A. It is an array-representative for transforming images from different spatial
domains.
B. It is the process of adding each element of the image to its local neighbors,
weighted by the intensity value
C. It is a small matrix used to clarify certain features.
D. It is used in all filters to increase the brightness of the image.

105. A Edge detection is a technique widely used in medical image processing, auto-
matic traffic control systems.Edge detection is divided into two basic types: the
second is Gaussian - based operator which computes second-order derivations
in a digital image. Which of the following algorithms belongs to this type?
A. Canny edge detector
B. Sobel operator
C. Gaussian detector
D. HOG detector

106. D Choose the best correct answer about parallax removal

A. Parallax is a key challenge that leads to inaccurate registration and ghosting
effect of objects in the result.So it needs to remove.
B. It is used to optimize the camera poses. Once these have been estimated,
the desired location of a 3D point xi can be estimated as the average of the
back-projected 3D locations.
C. It is a displacement or difference in the apparent position of an object viewed
along two different lines of sight, and is measured by the angle or semi-angle of

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inclination between those two lines.

D. All of the others

107. C Choose the best answer about the bidirectional reflectance distribution function:
A. It describes the light that reaches the surface of matter in low light and how the
color spectrum in the corresponding frequency range can be calculated.
B. It is reciprocal- can calculate by a total of the incident and reflected intensity.
C. It describes the proportion of light coming from each incident direction that is
redirected to each reflected direction.
D. All of the others

108. D The object tracking level can be divided into two basic types. The first type is Single
Object Tracking (SOT).Choose the best description of Single Object Tracking
(SOT)
A.
It creates bounding boxes that are given to the tracker based on the first frame of
the input image.
B. Single Object Tracking is also sometimes known as Visual Object Tracking.
C. SOT implies that one singular object is tracked, even in environments involving
other objects.
D. All of the others

109. D The aim is to identify the facial landmarks that are key to distinguishing your face.
What is the exact name of this step in face recognition? Choose the best correct
answer
A. Face detection
B. Face locating
C. Features analysis
D. Face analysis

110. D Choose the best description of the K-Mean for segmentation

A. The k-means clustering algorithm attempts to fill in the missing data intervals
to create new clusters.
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B. It is used to identify data labels based on a given labeled dataset.

C. K Means is a classifying algorithm.
D. In the K-Mean algorithm, in the same data group, the closer to the central data
point, the larger the difference in data will be.

111. B There are many applications for image alignment, such as tracking objects on
video, motion analysis, and many other tasks of computer vision. How do you
understand image alignment?
A. It is the image that has been created using elements from a variety of different
pictures.
B. Image alignment is the process of matching one image called a template with
another image.
C. The images are more paired together as a collection of stand-alone images that
may follow a theme or story.
D. All of the others

112. D It is an approach detecting, for every pixel, belonging class of the object. What is
the exact name of this process?
A. Instance segmentation
B. Semantic detection
C. Instance detection
D. Semantic segmentation

113. D Pixel operator is a function is used to process pixel forest. What are the input and
output of pixel operators?Choose the best correct answer.
A. Input is an image and output is an image.
B. Input is an image and output is the images.
C. Input is one or more images and output is the images.
D. Input is one or more images and output is an image.

114. A What is the difference between image processing and computer vision? Choose
the most correct answer
A. Image processing and computer vision are two different concepts.
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B. The task of computer vision is an analysis of an image.

C. Computer vision can be understood as the steps to increase image clarity,
through noise filtering steps.
D. Image processing performs tasks such as analyzing what objects are in the
image

115. D Choose the best description of the RANdom SAmple Consensus- RANSAC
A. RANSAC is a parameter estimation approach designed to cope with a large
proportion of outliers in the input data
B. RANSAC is a resampling technique that generates candidate solutions by using
the minimum number of data points required to estimate the underlying model
parameters.
C. It is a key point matching algorithm.
D. All of the others

116. D Why do we need image stitching?

A. Image stitching is a widely used technique for recovering original data from
ripped data.
B. Image stitching is used in forensic and investigative science for the reconstruc-
tion of torn paper which is a big problem.
C. In image mapping, stitching of images is done to do the complete mapping of
a particular place.
D. All of the others

117. C Detecting cancerous cells as quickly as possible can potentially save millions of
lives. Object detection will not be very useful here. So why is image segmentation
so useful in this area?
A. We will generate bounding boxes which will not help us in identifying the shape
of the cells.
B. Segmentation processing is many times faster than object detection, thus
helping to quickly prevent cance
cells.

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C. The shape of the cancerous cells plays a vital role in determining the severity of
cancer.
D. All of the others.

118. C ...is a method of enhancing the image quality of textures on surfaces of computer
graphics that are at oblique viewing angles with respect to the camera where the
projection of the texture. Choose the best answe
A. MIP Mapping filter
B. Elliptical Weighted Average (EWA) filter
C. Anisotropic filtering
D. Gaussian White filter

119. B Object detection method has two approaches. In which, the first approach is
non-neural which is widely used in traditional computer vision. What is the second
approach? Choose the best correct answer
A. Color-based approach
B. Neural network approaches
C. Feature-based approach
D. Convolution-based techniques

120. C In a the line detector operator consists of a convolution mask tuned to detect the
presence of lines of a particular width n and a 9 orientation. Choose the best
correct answer
A. Content-based techniques
B. Gaussian technique
C. Convolution based technique
D. Edge detection technique

121. A The basic idea consisted of placing a water source in each regional minimum in
the relief, to flood the entire relief from sources, and build barriers when different
water sources meet. What is the exact name of this process?
A. Watershed segmentation
B. Waterfall segmentation
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C. Interconnected water bottles

D. Flowing water

122. A Hough transform is used to recognize complex lines in photographs. How do you
understand Hough transform?
A. The purpose of the technique is to find imperfect instances of objects within a
certain class of shapes by a voting procedure.
B. For the Hough Transform algorithm, it is crucial to perform point detection first
to produce a point image which will then be used as input into the algorithm.
C. The Hough technique is particularly useful for computing a local description of
a feature.
D. All of the others

123. B Choose the best description of the Geometric Transformations

A. In these transformations, pixel values are not changed, the positions of pixel
values are changed.
B. A geometric transformation of an image is a spatial transformation of the image
coordinate system.
C. Geometric transformation is the geometry of image is changed with altering
its actual pixel values.
D. All of the others

124. C Choose the best description of the image feature

A. Feature is a piece of information about the content of an image
B. Feature may be specific structures in the image such as points, edges, or
objects
C. All of the others
D. None of the others

125. B Edge detection is a technique widely used in medical image processing, automat-
ic traffic control systems.Edge detection is divided into two basic types: the first
is a Gradient-based operator which computes first-order derivations in a digital
image. Which of the following algorithms belongs to this type?
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A. Canny edge detector

B. Prewitt operator
C. Laplacian detector
D. HOG detector

126. C What are the fields related to computer vision?

A. Image processing, graphics algorithms, Cognitive sciences.
B. Robotics, Neurobiology, Information retrieval
C. All of the others
D. Not of others

127. C It is the ability to perceive an object's physical properties (such as shape, color,
and texture) and apply semantic attributes to the object. What is the exact name
of this process? Choose the best correct answer
A. Object detection
B. Object locating
C. Object recognition
D. Object tracking

128. C What are the input and output of image processing?

A. signal and image
B. signal only
C. image only
D. depends on input

129. B Choose the best description of the Mean Shift segmentation

A. It is a local homogenization technique that is very useful for salt- pepper or
tonality differences in global objects.
B. Mean shift implicitly models this distribution using a smooth continuous
non-parametric model
C. The idea is to replace each pixel with the 3x3 of the pixels in a range neighbor-
hood and whose value is within a distance d
D. All of the others
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130. A Choose the best description of the image segmentation

A. Segmentation is the technique of dividing or partitioning an image into parts.
B. Image segmentation is the process of assigning a color to every pixel in an
image.
C. Image segmentation is typically used to recognize objects and their name in
images.
D. All of the others.

131. A What is the basic principle of object detection?

A. Object detection is based on the features that make up the object.
B. Each object's surface has a different structure and shape. Hence object detec-
tion relies on color relevance.
C. Object detection is based on the semantics of the objects in the image.
D. All of the others

132. A How does a computer understand input images?

A. The computer understands the image as a matrix of pixels.
B. The computer understands the image as a single color matrix.
C. The computer reads the input image as an integer array of values stored in the
binary image.
D. All of the others

133. C A. Display Fourier Transform

In Fourier transform, what is the abbreviation for DFT?
B. Distribute Fourier Transform
C. Discrete Fourier Transform
D. Discontinous Fourier Transform

134. B Suppose we have two images at two different times: I(x,y,t) and I(x,y,t+1). How to
estimate pixel motion from image l(x,y,t) to l(x,y,t+1)?
A. Put two images on top of each other and calculate the closest distance of I(x,y,t)
and I(x,y,t+1)
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B. Given a pixel in I(x,y,t), look for nearby pixels of the same color in I(x,y,t+1)
C. Use the interpolation method to estimate the next positions of I(x,y,t).
D. Based on the color of each pixel at the position I(x,y,t) relative to the overall
image at time t+1

135. B Choose the best description of the active contours

A. It is the process of assigning a color to every pixel in an image.
B. It defines a separate boundary or curvature for the regions of the target object
for segmentation.
C. Image segmentation is typically used to recognize the color range and their
group in images.
D. It is described as a multi-model for the process of segmentation.

136. D The treats the image it operates upon like a topographic map, with the brightness
of each point representing its height, and finds the lines that run along the tops
of ridges. Choose the best correct answer
A. Image transformation
B. Heuristic transformation
C. Hybrid transformation
D. Watershed transformation

137. B How do you understand image stitching?

A. It is a process that includes two operations (in order), the first: blending, and
the second: image alignment.
B. It is a process that includes two operations, image alignment, and blending.
C. It is a process that includes two operations
D. Geometrical registration and photometric registration.

138. C The is based on the observation that the affine mapping x = Ax' defines a skewed
two-dimensional coordinate system in the vicinity of each source pixel x. Choose
the best answer
A. MIP Mapping filter
B. Gaussian White filter
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C. Elliptical Weighted Average (EWA) filter

D. Multi pass filter

139. A The is a measure of change in a function, and an image can be considered to be

an array of samples of some continuous function of image intensity. Choose the
best answer
A. Gradient
B. Edge
C. Grayscale
D. Contour

140. A In the technique, a sparse set of features are detected in one image and matched
with the features in the other image. A transformation is then calculated based
on these matched features that warp one image onto the other. What is the exact
name of this technique?
A. Feature-Based alignment
B. Feature-Based detection
C. Feature-Based recognition
D. Feature-Based filter

141. C Detecting cancerous cells as quickly as possible can potentially save millions of
lives. Object detection will not be very useful here. So why is image segmentation
so useful in this area?
A. We will generate bounding boxes which will not help us in identifying the shape
of the cells.
B. Segmentation processing is many times faster than object detection, thus
helping to quickly prevent cancer cells.
C. The shape of the cancerous cells plays a vital role in determining the severity of
cancer.
D. All of the others.

142. A ...is an image that is meant to be viewed as if seen through the inside of a cylinder.
You can look at the image horizontally at a 360 degree. Choose the best correct
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answer
A. Cylindrical projection
B. Cylindrical viewing
C. Cylindrical panoramic
D. None of the others

143. C In image storing, which of the following image formats follows the pattern of the
lossy scheme?
A. iac
B. bmp
C. jpg
D. ppm

144. B What is translation transformation?

A. We rotate the object at a particular angle ’(theta) from its origin
B. It moves an object to a different position on the screen.
C. It changes the size of an object.
D. It is scaling, skewing, and rotation.

145. B Edge detection is a technique widely used in image processing, as well as

computer vision. It reduces the amount of data in an image and preserves
the structural properties of an image. So what do you understand about edge
detection?
A. Edge Detection is a method of segmenting an image into regions of continuity.
B. Edge detection allows users to observe the features of an image for a significant
change in the gray level.
C. Edge detection can be defined as a set of connected pixels that forms a
boundary between two disjoint regions
D. All of the others

146. D Choosing the position of K centroids positions is very important. How is the initial
value of K centroids positions calculated? Choose the best answer
A. Divide by K number and photo scale
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B. Evenly distribute K in the image

C. Central value.
D. Randomly

147. A Choose the best description of the feature descriptors

A. Feature descriptor is an algorithm that takes an image and outputs feature
vectors.
B. Feature descriptors are used to find the essential features from the given
image
C. Feature descriptors are used to convert features to other representations
through spatial transformations.
D. All of the others

148. D Object detection method has two approaches. In which the non-neural approach
is widely used in computer vision. Which of the following algorithms belongs to
the category of non-neural approach?
A. Mean shift model
B. Single Shot MultiBox Detector
C. RANdom SAmple Consensus
D. Histogram of oriented gradients

149. A What happens in the thin lens model?

A. The object is inverted.
B. The image is discolored.
C. Objects placed before or after Len produce the same results.
D. The image will stay the same size when you use white light as the source (sun).

150. B A convolution-based technique is used to detect the line. Here are the four
convolution masks to detect horizontal, vertical, oblique +- amount lines in an
image. What is the specific value of the oblique in degrees?
A. 15
B. 45

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C. 90
D. 180

151. A Choose the best description of image histogram

A. It is a type of histogram that acts as a graphical representation of the tonal
distribution in a digital image.
B. It is a histogram representing the layout organization of an image, such as color
and corresponding pixel position.
C. Two images with different compositions will produce two different image
histograms.
D. Image histogram is used to synthesize colors in an image.

152. B What do the components of a pixel include?

A. Intensity value and size of the image
B. Position address and intensity value
C. Position address and size of the image
D. All of the others

153. B Choose the best answer about 2D point

A. It is a geometric setting in which two values are required to determine the
position of an element.
B. It represents a location in (x,y) coordinate space.
C. It is the property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on
the eye as a result of the way the object reflects or emits light.
D. All of the others

154. A Object tracking takes an approach that uses point tracking techniques. So how is
the approach to using point tracking understood? Choose the best answer
A. Objects detected in consecutive frames are represented by object: determin-
istic, probabilistic methods,and the association of the object is based on the
previous object state which can include object position and motion.
B. It is usually performed by locating the moving object, which is represented
by an embryonic object region,from one frame to the next: a multi- view based,
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template-based.
C. It refers to the object's shape and appearance.
D. This approach requires an external mechanism to detect the object in every
frame.

155. C When the Fourier transform is used, the values of the properties are also trans-
formed accordingly. What is the result of the Fourier transform applied to convo-
lution f(x) * h(x)?
A. F(w)+H(w)
B. F(w)*H(w)
C. F(w)H(w)
D. F(w)H*(w)

156. A Choose the best description of the linear filtering

A. It is filtering in which the value of an output pixel is a linear combination of the
values of the pixels in the input pixel's neighborhood.
B. It is that instead of using the spatial mask in a convolution process
C. Filters are just mask that form a new, and preferably enhanced, image from a
combination of the original image's pixel values.
D. None of the others

157. C is a method of enhancing the image quality of textures on surfaces of computer

graphics that are at oblique viewing angles with respect to the camera where the
projection of the texture. Choose the best answer
A. MIP Mapping filter
B. Elliptical Weighted Average (EWA) filter
C. Anisotropic filtering
D. Gaussian White filter

158. D The object tracking level can be divided into two basic types. The first type is Single
Object Tracking (SOT).Choose the best description of Single Object Tracking
(SOT)
A. It creates bounding boxes that are given to the tracker based on the first frame
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of the input image.

B. Single Object Tracking is also sometimes known as Visual Object Tracking.
C. SOT implies that one singular object is tracked, even in environments involving
other objects.
D. All of the others

159. B ...is a function or operator that takes an image as its input and produces an image
as its output. Choose the best answer
(Choose 1 answer)
A. Geometric transformation
B. Image transformation
C. Geometric computing
D. Image computing

160. C Choose the best answer

are probabilistic models and use the soft clustering approach for distributing the
points in different clusters.
A. K-mean clustering model
B. SVN model
C. Gaussian Mixture Models
D. K- nearest model

161. D can be used to find a sparse set of corresponding locations in different images.
Choose the best answer
A. Edge features
B. Line features
C. Object features
D. Point features

162. A Edge detection is a technique widely used in medical image processing, auto-
matic traffic control systems.Edge detection is divided into two basic types: the
second is Gaussian-based operator which computes second-order derivations in
a digital image. Which of the following algorithms belongs to this type?
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A. Canny edge detector

B. Sobel operator
C. Gaussian detector
D. HOG detector

163. A How to calculate the intensity value of pixel in color space?

A. It is the average of the color values.
B. It is represented through three color values: Red, Green, and Blue.
C. The color component with the largest value will be represented as a represen-
tation of the intensity value.
D. It is a combination of colors in the color space.

164. D Choose the best answer about the illumination model:

A. The illumination model describes the process of absorbing light from an
artificial source and is represented in 2D space.
B. The illumination model is a spatial transformation, used to describe the trans-
formation of 3D space to 2D space.
C. The illumination model used to calculate the intensity of light emitted from
natural light sources (Sun, moon)
D. The illumination model describes inputs, assumptions, and outputs used to
calculate the brightness of surface elements

165. C The most difficult part of getting a fully automated stitching algorithm to work
is deciding which pairs of images actually correspond to the same parts of the
scene. What is the best solution to solve these issues? Choose the best correct
answer
A. Using a feature-based approach to remove objects from image frames. Then
we get a completed panoramas image.
B. Using a direct pixel-based comparison between the registered images to
determine if they actually are different views of the same scene.
C. To find the similarity of adjacent images, we determine whether the properties

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match or not, using the image combination method.

D. All of the others

166. C In a the line detector operator consists of a convolution mask tuned to detect the
presence of lines of a particular width n and a e orientation. Choose the best
correct answer
A. Content-based techniques
B. Gaussian technique
C. Convolution based technique
D. Edge detection technique

167. A Choose the best description of the edge in image

A. Edges are significant local changes of intensity in a digital image.
B. An edge can be defined as a set of connected pixels that forms a boundary
between two conjoined regions.
C. Three types of edges include horizontal edges, vertical edges, and circle edges
D. All of the others

168. B When the Fourier transform is used, the values of the properties are also trans-
formed accordingly. What is the result of the Fourier transform applied to multi-
plication f(x)h(x) ?
A. F(w)+H(w)
B. F(w)H(w)
C. F(w)H*(w)
D. F(w)*H(w)

169. D How do you understand image alignment? Choose the best correct answer
A. Image alignment algorithms can discover the correspondence relationships
among images with varying degrees of overlap.
B. They are ideally suited for applications such as video filters, color increate, and
the creation of panoramic monochrome.
C. Image alignment algorithms take the alignment estimates produced by such

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registration algorithms and blend the images in a seamless manner

D. All of the others

170. A ...is the process of dividing an image into different regions based on the charac-
teristics of pixels to identify objects or boundaries to simplify an image and more
efficiently analyze it. Choose the best correct answer
A. Image segmentation
B. Image analysis
C. Object detection
D. Object recognition

171. A Choose the best answer about image color

A. Color is the aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of light being
reflected or emitted by them.
B. Color is white light emitted by a natural source - the sun
C. Color is a way of displaying the value of an image and color has seven primary
colors.
D. All of others

172. B In image processing, what is the next step after feature detection?
A. Preprocessing
B. Feature description
C. Feature combination
D. Noise remove( filters)

173. A If the input signal of the Fourier transform is an impulse signal, what will the result
after the transform look like?Choose the most correct answer.
A. Constant transform
B. Almost unchanged
C. Unit magnitude and linear phase
D. None of the others

174. C
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The idea of is simply to replace each pixel value in an image with the average value
of its neighbors,including itself. Choose the best answer
A. Median Filter
B. Gausian Filter
C. Mean Filter
D. Bilatera Filter

175. B It is a feature extraction technique used in image analysis, computer vision, and
digital image processing. The purpose of the............ is to find imperfect instances
of objects within a certain class of shapes by a voting procedure. Choose the best
correct answer
A. Prewitt operator
B. Hough transform
C. Convolution-based techniques
D. Edge transform

176. B Choose the best description of the Histogram of Oriented Gradients- HOG
A. HOG is a histogram of orientations of the image gradients within an object
B. HOG method is used for object detection and image recognition.
C. HOG is based on a feature detector, which extracts useful information and
discards unnecessary parts.
D. HOG calculates the total component of the gradient's magnitude and direction
of each individual pixel.

177. B How do you understand object detection?

A. Object detection is merely to recognize the object with a different color in the
image.
B. Object detection is the task of detecting instances of objects of a certain class
within an image.
C. Object detection allows us to classify and locates objects in an image or video.
D. All of the others

178. B
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Choose the best description of computer vision

A. Computer vision processes low levels in the image.
B. Computer vision works by identifying different components in the image
C. Computer vision is only deployed on large and fast processing systems.
D. Computer vision is applied in medical image processing, but not as expected
in other fields such as agriculture.

179. A Active contour is described as an active model for the process of segmentation.
Which of the following algorithms is used in active contour? Choose the best
answer
(Choose 1 answer)
A. Snakes model
B. Scissors model
C. Sets model
D. All of the others

180. C The basic idea of is to break the image into a set of disjoint regions which are
coherent within themselves.Choose the best correct answer
(Choose 1 answer)
A. Region combination
B. Object combination
C. Region splitting
D. Object splitting

181. C It is the motion of objects between consecutive frames of the sequence, caused
by the relative movement between the object and camera.
A. What is the exact name of this process?
B. Image stitching
C. Optical flow
D. Object moving

182. A Which type of filter is commonly used for smoothing an image and reducing
noise?
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A. Low-pass filter
B. High-pass filter
C. Band-pass filter
D. Adaptive filter

183. C What method is commonly employed to extract feature locations and descriptors
in the feature-based matching stage of panorama recognition?
A. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
B. Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG)
C. Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT)
D. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)

184. A How does the "CMYK" color model relate to color printing?
A. It is a subtractive color model for printing
B. It is used for video encoding
C. It represents the primary colors for additive color mixing for printing
D. It is primarily used for web-based color representation

185. B What is linear filtering?

A. It is a standard way to add text data
B. It is a standard way to filter images using convolution
C. It is a standard way to filter text
D. None of the above

186. B What is not true about the RANSAC algorithm?

A. It estimates the parameter to deal with a large number of outliers
B. It generates candidate solutions by using the maximum number of data points
required to estimate the underlying model parameters
C. It selects data items randomly and then finds how many data items fit the
model
D. If the tolerance is big enough, the algorithm will accept fit and exit with success

187. C
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Which of the following is NOT an application of image alignment?

A. Identifying document templates
B. Generating panorama images
C. Comparing multiple scans of tissue taken at different times
D. Enhancing scanned or photographed documents

188. B Based on Haar Cascade, if the difference is close to 1, then there is an edge
detected.
A. True
B. False

189. A How does SIFT achieve scale invariance in feature detection?

A. By downscaling the image at different resolutions
B. By using an adaptive window size for feature detection
C. By applying a Gaussian filter to the entire image
D. By normalizing pixel intensities across the image

190. A What is the primary objective of the watershed algorithm in image segmenta-
tion?
A. Region-based segmentation
B. Graph-based segmentation
C. Active contour-based segmentation
D. Deep learning segmentation

191. C What role does the edge linking process play in image processing after edge
detection?
A. It introduces disorder to the detected edge pixels
B. It randomly rearranges the order of edge pixels
C. It organizes an unordered set of edge pixels into an ordered list of edges
D. It eliminates edge information by breaking connections between neighboring
pixels

192. A
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Support Vector Machines for Image classification may use kernels. There are
different types of kernels, which of the following is not a type of Kernel?
A. Histogram of Oriented Gradients
B. Polynomial
C. Radial Basis Function
D. Linear

193. A Which type of tracking method is based on comparing the target object to a
reference template in each frame?
A. Template matching
B. Optical flow tracking
C. Kalman filtering
D. Mean Shift tracking

194. D In the process of face recognition, what step involves comparing your faceprint
against a database of known faces?
A. Face detection
B. Face analysis
C. Converting the image to data
D. Finding a match

195. A When preventing aliasing, what additional step may be required before applying
a shearing transformation in image processing?
A. Downsampling in both directions
B. Applying a non-separable filter kernel
C. Adjusting the color space transformation
D. Upsampling in the opposite direction

196. D Which of the following disadvantages of Snake model? A. Sensitive to local minima
states
B. Not works perfectly even for binary images
C. Dependent
D. All of the above
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197. A What is the effect of shifting a signal in the time domain on its Fourier transform?
A. The phase spectrum is shifted
B. The magnitude spectrum is scaled
C. The frequency components are attenuated
D. The Nyquist frequency is altered

198. C In which coordinate system are points represented using the radial distance,
azimuthal angle, and height?
A. Cylindrical coordinates
B. Cartesian coordinates
C. Spherical coordinates
D. Polar coordinates

199. C How does a Gaussian Mixture Model represent each cluster?

A. By a parabolic line
B. By a decision tree
C. By a distribution
D. By a random selection

200. C ______ is the process of combining multiple photographic images with overlap-
ping fields of view to produce a segmented panorama or high-resolution image.
A. Image preprocessing
B. Image subtraction
C. Image stitching
D. Image acquisition

201. B Which of the following methods identifies edges in an image by zero-crossing

technique?
A. First derivative
B. Second derivative
C. Prewitt operator
D. Robert operator
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202. C What is the primary purpose of finding connected components in the overlap
graph during panorama recognition?
A. Identifying outliers in the image set
B. Recognizing individual panoramas
C. Estimating camera poses
D. Calculating image overlap angles

203. D What is a prerequisite for the successful application of the Hough Transform to
recognize complex lines?
A. Utilizing machine learning algorithms
B. Performing extensive image cropping
C. Employing gradient-based image enhancement
D. Edge detection performed on the image

204. A When preventing aliasing, what additional step may be required before applying
a shearing transformation in image processing?
A. Downsampling in the both directions
B. Applying a non-separable filter kernel
C. Adjusting the color space transformation
D. Upsampling in the opposite direction

205. A Support Vector Machines for Image classification may use kernels. There are
different types of Kernels, which of the following is not a type of Kernel?

A. Histogram of Oriented Gradients

B. Polynomial

C. Radial Basis Function

D. Linear

206. C
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What role does the edge linking process play in image processing after edge
detection?

A. It introduces disorder to the detected edge pixels

B. It randomly rearranges the order of edge pixels

C. It organizes an unordered set of edge pixels into an ordered list of edges

D. It eliminates edge information by breaking connections between neighboring

pixels

207. A Which type of tracking method is based on comparing the target object to a
reference template in each frame?

A. Template matching

B. Optical flow tracking

C. Kalman filtering

D. Mean Shift tracking

208. D In the process of face recognition, what step involves comparing your faceprint
against a database of known faces?

A. Face detection

B. Face analysis

C. Converting the image to data

D. Finding a match

209. C
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Which of the following color is having the largest frequency in visible spectrum?

A. Red

B. Blue

C. Violet

D. Green

210. A When preventing aliasing, what additional step may be required before applying
a shearing transformation in image processing?

A. Downsampling in both directions

B. Applying a non-separable filter kernel

C. Adjusting the color space transformation

D. Upsampling in the opposite direction

211. A What is the primary purpose of finding connected components in the overlap
graph during panorama recognition?

A. Identifying outliers in the image set

B. Recognizing individual panoramas

C. Estimating camera poses

D. Calculating image overlap angles

212. C What is the primary goal of feature-based alignment in image processing?

A. Enhancing image resolution of an image patch

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B. Removing noise from images

C. Estimating the motion between sets of matched points

D. Adjusting image brightness

213. A Which of the following is an application of Computer Vision?

A Robotics
B Medicine
C Security
D All of the others

214. A What is the primary objective of the watershed algorithm in image segmenta-
tion?
A Region-based segmentation
B Graph-based segmentation
C Active contour-based segmentation
D Deep learning segmentation

215. C What is an advantage of utilizing a series of one-dimensional transforms over

large, non-separable, two-dimensional filter kernels in image processing?
A Improved color accuracy
B Enhanced detail preservation
C Increased computational efficiency
D Reduced memory requirements

216. A What is the primary cause of chromatic aberration in lenses?

A Dispersion of light
B Lens curvature
C Lens thickness
D Lens material
E None of the others

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217. A What is the primary purpose of the Fourier transform in signal processing and
image analysis?
A Frequency analysis
B Noise reduction
C Edge detection
D Color correction

218. B Based on Haar Cascade, if the difference is close to 1, then there is an edge
detected.
A True
B False

219. C Which of the following is NOT an application of image alignment?

A Identifying document templates
B Generating panorama images
C Comparing multiple scans of tissue taken at different times
D Enhancing scanned or photographed documents

220. A In which type of object tracking method is the moving object represented by an
embryonic object region, with emphasis on object shape and appearance?
A Kernel Tracking
B Point Tracking
C Silhouette Tracking
D Template Matching

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