Telecom Lecture1
Telecom Lecture1
• T rafficEngineering
• PDH / SDH
• Signal
ling
• U M T S/ M PL S, IN , N G N
• M ul
itpl
exing[Space, T ime, F requency, W avel
ength ]
• X . 2 5 , F rame R el
ay
• T S/ ST / T ST / ST S switch ing
• N umbering
• T C P/ IP, O SI L ayers
• T el
ecommunicationmeansth e exch ange ofinformationbetween2 distantpl
aces.
• C ommunicationsmeansth e exch ange ofinformationb between2 ormany individual
s.
• T el
ecommunicationistranferofinformation.
• Information: data, voice, video
• Subscriber: C al
lingsubscriber, C al
led Subscriber
• Source, Destination
• Step- by- step[Strowger]
• C rossbar
• Processor: Switch ingT iming
• Programs- - > Instructions- - > Store- - - > Stored Program C ontrol
( SPC )
• Space DivisionSwitch ing
• T ime DivisionSwitch ing
• Space Division Switch ing: A dedicated path isestabl
ish ed betweenth e cal
lingand th e cal
led
subsccriberforth e entire durationofth e cal
l.
• T im e Division Switch ing: Sampl
ed val
uesofspeech signal
sare transferred atfixed interval
s.
• Space Switch ing:
• T im e Switch ing:
• C entral
iz ed SPC
• Distributed SPC
• Standby M ode
• Synch ronousDupl
exM ode
• L oad Sh aringM ode
• C ircuitSwitch ing
• M essage Switch ing
• PacketSwitch ing
Itisnotrecommended forrealtime appl
icationsl
ike voice and video.
• Dedicated path isestabl
ish ed betweenth e cal
lingand th e cal
led subscribersforth e entire duration
ofth e cal
l.
• Itisused forboth anal
ogand digitalswitch ing.
• C rosspointswitch ismostl
y used.
• DigitalSwitch ingT ech nique
• Pul
se C ode M odul
ated