Mechanical Engineering Dept.

,
Faculty of Engineering,
King Abdul Aziz University

SYSTEM DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

MENG-366
Spring 2022

Prof. Mohamed A. Eltaher

Mechanical Engineering Dept,
Faculty of Engineering,
King Abdulaziz University,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Email: [email protected]
Room No.: 24E33
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Automatic Control [MENG-366]

Antenna azimuth position control system

Course Syllabus

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Automatic Control [MENG-366]

System Dynamics and Control

 System is a combination of components or elements so
constructed to achieve an objective or multiple objectives.
Course Name

Dynamics is a branch of mechanics, concerned with studies

of particles and bodies in motion.

 Control refers to the process of modifying the dynamic

behavior of a system in order to achieve some desired outputs.
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Automatic Control [MENG-366]

Course Syllabus
 Prerequisite:
i. MENG-262 (Engineering Mechanics – Dynamics)
Course Syllabus

ii.MATH-204 ( Differential Equations & Laplace Transform)

iii.EE-251 (Basic Electrical Engineering)
iv. Programming with MATLAB

Course Instructor:
Prof. Mohamed A. Eltaher.
Office: Engineering Building, Room# 24E33
Office hours: 11:00 am to 1:00 pm Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday
e-mail address: [email protected]

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Automatic Control [MENG-366]

Grading Policy
To determine your final grade in the course, the following will be done:

The total of your grades will be calculated using the following :

Course Syllabus

2 Major Exams: 40%

Quizzes : 20%
HW : 10%
Final Exam : 30%

Total: 100%
 No make-up exams.
 No makeup for quizzes, exams or homework.
 Missing quizzes, exams or homework will result in a grade of zero in that.
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Automatic Control [MENG-366]

Course Outline
1) Introduction to Control Systems.
Course Syllabus

A. Overview of Control System.

B. Open Loop Vs. Closed Loop Systems.

2) Mathematical Tools (Laplace Transforms).

A. Laplace Transform.
B. Inverse Laplace.
C. Solution of ODE by using Laplace Transform.
D. Initial and final value theories.

3) State Space Equations

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Automatic Control [MENG-366]

Course Outline
4) Dynamic Models
A. Dynamics of Mechanical systems
Course Syllabus

B. Electrical Systems
C. Electro-mechanical system
D. Liquid Systems
E. Pneumatic Systems
F. Hydraulic Systems
5) Trainset Time Response.
A. Frist Order System.
B. Second Order system.

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Automatic Control [MENG-366]

Course Outline
6) Stability and Error
Course Syllabus

7) Basic Control Actions.

A. Proportional Control (P).
B. Proportional Integral Control (PI).
C. Proportional Derivative Control (PD).
D. Proportional Integral Derivative Control (PID).
8) Root Locus Method.
9) Frequency Response (Bode Diagrams).

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Automatic Control [MENG-366]

Recommended Texts
 Class Notes and Handouts.
Course Syllabus

 Modern Control Engineering (5th Edition)

K. Ogata

 Control Systems Engineering (7th Edition)

Norman S. Nise
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Automatic Control [MENG-366]

DO YOU REALLY NEED

Course Syllabus

TO STUDY
CONTROL SYSTEM?

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Automatic Control [MENG-366]

What does happen if !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 you are a pilot, and you can't make an airplane go
where you want it to go? https://freakonometrics.hypothe
ses.org/16093
Course Syllabus

 In a chemical products production line, if you can't

control temperature, pressure and pH in the process?

 If you can't control the temperature of an oven ? https://www.industrytap.com/5-

chemical-plant-explosions-and-
what-caused-them/16655
 If you can't control the flow rate of a pump?

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Automatic Control [MENG-366]

 What do these two have in common?

Course Syllabus

 Both are Highly Nonlinear, Complicated Dynamics !

 Both are capable of transporting goods and people over long distance.
 One is controlled, and other is not.
HOWEVER  Control is “The hidden technology that you meet every day”
 It heavily relies on the notion of “Feedback”. 12
Automatic Control [MENG-366]

CONTROL SYSTEM
A control system is a collection of components working together under the direction of some
machine intelligence.
• In most cases, electronic circuits provide the intelligence, and electromechanical components such as sensors
Course Syllabus

and motors provide the interface to the physical world.

EXAMPLE
The Modern Automobile
• Various sensors supply the on-board computer with information about the engine’s condition.
• The computer then calculates the precise amount of fuel to be injected into the engine and adjusts the
ignition timing.
• The mechanical parts of the system include the engine, transmission, wheels, and so on.
• To design, diagnose, or repair these sophisticated systems, you must understand the electronics, the
mechanics, and control system principles
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WHY SYSTEM CONTROL IS IMPORTANT?

• System control has played a vital role in the advance of engineering and science. It has an
extreme importance in:
 Space-vehicle systems
 Missile-guidance systems
Course Syllabus

 Robotics systems (Add Some examples………………….)

• System control has become an important and integral part of modern manufacturing and
industrial processes.
• For example,
• In the numerical control of machine (CNC) tools in the manufacturing industries.
• In the design of autopilot systems in the aerospace industries.
• In the design of cars and trucks in the automobile industries.
• It is also essential in such industrial operations as controlling pressure, temperature, humidity,
viscosity, and flow in the process industries.
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WHY SYSTEM CONTROL IS IMPORTANT?

We are not the only creators of automatically controlled systems;

these systems also exist in nature.
Course Syllabus

• Within our own bodies are numerous control systems, such as

 The pancreas, which regulates our blood sugar.
 In time of “fight or flight,” our adrenaline increases along with our heart rate,
causing more oxygen to be delivered to our cells
 Our eyes follow a moving object to keep it in view

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CONTROL SYSTEM
• A control system consists of subsystems and processes (or plants) assembled for the
purpose of obtaining a desired output with desired performance, given a specified input.
Course Syllabus

• Every control system has (at least) a controller and an actuator (also called a final control
element).

• The actuator is an electromechanical device that takes the signal from the controller and
converts it into some kind of physical action. Examples of typical actuators would be an
electric motor, an electrically controlled valve, or a heating element.
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CONTROL SYSTEM

We build control systems for the following primary reasons:

Course Syllabus

1. Power Amplification (Radar antenna)

2. Remote Control (Dangerous locations of radioactive environment)

3. Convenience of input form (A temperature control system)

4. Compensation for disturbances (Noise)

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CONTROL AROUND US
The Thermostat
Course Syllabus

The thermostat maintains desired (reference) temperature despite

disturbances (such as doors opening/closing, variations of outside
temperature, number of persons in the house, etc.)

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CONTROL AROUND US
Water Level Regulator The Toilet Tank
First Feedback Control System in History
Course Syllabus

The flush toilet employs a control mechanism

that ensures that the toilet gets flushed and
that the tank is filled to a set reference level.
Similar systems are used in other applications
where fluid levels need to be regulated. 19
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CONTROL AROUND US
Automobile Steering Control
Course Syllabus

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Course Syllabus

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