Name: -

M Ahmad Tahir
Department: -
Computer Science
Subject: -
Mobile Application Development
Semester: -
8th
Roll No: -
FC-072
Submitted to: -
Ms. Samra Tariq
Work: -
Quiz 3
What is a JSON file?
JSON, which stands for JavaScript Object Notation, is a lightweight, text-based, open
standard format designed for human-readable data interchange. It was derived from
JavaScript but is a language-independent format, meaning it can be used with many
different programming languages. JSON is commonly used for transmitting data
between a server and a web application (e.g., sending data from the server to be
displayed on a webpage, or vice versa).

Explain syntax and use?

Syntax

JSON syntax is built on two fundamental structures:

1. Objects:
o An unordered collection of key/value pairs.
o Begins with a left curly brace { and ends with a right curly brace }.
o Each key is a string enclosed in double quotes (").
o Each key is followed by a colon :.
o Values can be strings, numbers, booleans (true or false), arrays, other
JSON objects, or the null value.
o Key/value pairs are separated by commas ,.
o Keys within an object should ideally be unique.
o The order of key/value pairs in an object is not significant.
2. Arrays:
o An ordered list of values.
o Begins with a left square bracket [ and ends with a right square
bracket ].
o Values are separated by commas ,.
o Array elements can be of any valid JSON data type (strings, numbers,
booleans, objects, other arrays, or null).

Basic Data Types in JSON:

 String: A sequence of zero or more Unicode characters, enclosed in double

quotes ("). Special characters must be escaped with a backslash (\).
 Number: A signed decimal number. It can be an integer or a floating-point
number. Octal and hexadecimal formats are not used. It cannot include non-
numbers like NaN or Infinity.
 Boolean: Can be either true or false.
 Array: An ordered list of values.
 Object: An unordered collection of key/value pairs.
 null: Represents an empty value or absence of data.
Key Syntax Rules and Restrictions:

 Keys must be strings enclosed in double quotes.

 String values must be enclosed in double quotes (single quotes are not
allowed).
 No trailing commas are allowed in objects or arrays (e.g., {"key": "value",} is
invalid).
 Comments are not allowed in JSON.
 Whitespace (spaces, tabs, newlines) between elements is generally ignored
but can make the JSON more human-readable.
 JSON files typically use the .json extension and the MIME type
application/json.
 JSON exchange in an open ecosystem should be encoded in UTF-8.

Use Cases

JSON is widely used in various applications due to its simplicity and ease of parsing:

1. Web Development (APIs): It's the most common format for data exchange
between web clients (browsers) and servers. RESTful APIs frequently use JSON
to send and receive data.
2. Configuration Files: Many applications use JSON to store configuration
settings because it's easy for both humans and machines to read and write.
3. Data Storage: While not a database itself, JSON is often used to structure data
that is then stored in NoSQL databases like MongoDB, which use JSON-like
document formats (BSON).
4. Data Serialization: Converting data structures or objects in a programming
language into a format that can be stored or transmitted, and then
reconstructed later.
5. Logging: Storing log data in JSON format makes it easier to parse, search, and
analyze.
6. Inter-Process Communication: Exchanging data between different software
applications or components.

How you can read data from a JSON file explain with the help of
code.
How to Read Data from a JSON File

Reading data from a JSON file typically involves opening the file, reading its content as a
string, and then parsing that string into a data structure native to the programming language
being used
MainActivity.java
package com.example.json;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.TextView;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";

private TextView jsonDataTextView;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

// Initialize the TextView from the layout

jsonDataTextView = findViewById(R.id.json_data_textview);

// Load and parse the JSON data

loadJSONFromAsset();
}

private void loadJSONFromAsset() {

String jsonString;
try {
// Open the JSON file from the assets folder
InputStream inputStream = getAssets().open("sample.json"); //
Ensure your file is named sample.json
int size = inputStream.available();
byte[] buffer = new byte[size];
inputStream.read(buffer);
inputStream.close();

// Convert the byte array to a String

jsonString = new String(buffer, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

// Parse the JSON string

parseJson(jsonString);

} catch (IOException ex) {

Log.e(TAG, "IOException: Error reading JSON file from assets",
ex);
jsonDataTextView.setText("Error reading JSON file: " +
ex.getMessage());
return; // Exit if file reading fails
} catch (JSONException ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "JSONException: Error parsing JSON data", ex);
jsonDataTextView.setText("Error parsing JSON data: " +
ex.getMessage());
}
}
 private void parseJson(String jsonString) throws JSONException {
// Create a JSONObject from the JSON String
JSONObject rootObject = new JSONObject(jsonString);

// Extract data from the root object

String studentName = rootObject.getString("studentName");
int studentAge = rootObject.getInt("age");
boolean isEnrolled = rootObject.getBoolean("isEnrolled");

// Log some basic info

Log.i(TAG, "Student Name: " + studentName);
Log.i(TAG, "Student Age: " + studentAge);
Log.i(TAG, "Is Enrolled: " + isEnrolled);

// Example: Displaying some data in the TextView

StringBuilder displayText = new StringBuilder();
displayText.append("Student Name: ").append(studentName).append("\
n");
displayText.append("Age: ").append(studentAge).append("\n");
displayText.append("Enrolled: ").append(isEnrolled).append("\n\n");

// Accessing a nested JSONObject ("contact")

JSONObject contactObject = rootObject.getJSONObject("contact");
String email = contactObject.getString("email");
String phone = contactObject.getString("phone");
displayText.append("Contact:\n");
displayText.append(" Email: ").append(email).append("\n");
displayText.append(" Phone: ").append(phone).append("\n\n");
Log.i(TAG, "Email: " + email);

// Accessing a JSONArray ("courses")

JSONArray coursesArray = rootObject.getJSONArray("courses");
displayText.append("Courses:\n");
Log.i(TAG, "Courses:");
for (int i = 0; i < coursesArray.length(); i++) {
JSONObject courseObject = coursesArray.getJSONObject(i);
String courseName = courseObject.getString("courseName");
int credits = courseObject.getInt("credits");

displayText.append(" - ").append(courseName).append("
(").append(credits).append(" credits)\n");
Log.i(TAG, " - Course: " + courseName + ", Credits: " +
credits);
}

// Set the formatted text to the TextView

jsonDataTextView.setText(displayText.toString());
}
}

activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
 android:padding="16dp"
tools:context=".MainActivity">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/json_data_textview"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Loading JSON data..."
android:textSize="16sp" />

</LinearLayout>

Sample.json
{
"studentName": "Wahab Noman",
"studentID": "FC076",
"age": 21,
"isEnrolled": true,
"courses": [
{
"courseName": "Android Development",
"credits": 4
},
{
"courseName": "Economics In Computing",
"credits": 2
},
{
"courseName": "Parallel & Distributive Computing",
"credits": 2
}
],
"contact": {
"email": "[email protected]",
"phone": "0000000000"
}
}

Output