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Lab 4

The document outlines Experiment-4 of the EEE 307 course, focusing on Frequency Modulation (FM) using square wave and voice signals. It details the theoretical background, experimental procedures, results, and conclusions drawn from the experiment, including the relationship between FM signal frequency deviation and message amplitude. The experiment successfully demonstrated FM modulation techniques and their applications.

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Shakil Sikdar
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2 views13 pages

Lab 4

The document outlines Experiment-4 of the EEE 307 course, focusing on Frequency Modulation (FM) using square wave and voice signals. It details the theoretical background, experimental procedures, results, and conclusions drawn from the experiment, including the relationship between FM signal frequency deviation and message amplitude. The experiment successfully demonstrated FM modulation techniques and their applications.

Uploaded by

Shakil Sikdar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course Code and Title:

EEE 307: Telecommunication Engineering

Semester and Year:

Fall – 2021

Experiment Number and Name:

Experiment-4: Frequency modulation

Name of Student and ID: Name of Lab Instructor:

Md. Abu Shayem Kamanashis Saha


ID: 2019-1-80-021 Lecturer, EEE
Date of Report Submission: Date of Performance:

17 December, 2021 23 November, 2021


Objective: The main goal of this experiment is to familiarize with FM modulation using square
wave and voice signal, how it works, advantage and difficulties and visualize real life modulated
signal.

Theory: FM Modulation is varied its frequency based on message signal’s state change. When
message signal goes positive value to negative value then FM signal change it’s frequency and
vice versa. In the figure below we can see the result of modulating the carrier with the message
using FM modulation.

If we look into the FM signal it shows there has a no component of carrier frequency which is
different from DSBFC.

The SSB is also different from FM which can be understood by considering the mathematical
model that defines the FM signal,

FM = Ac×cos[2𝜋fct+𝛽sin⁡(2𝜋fmt)]
Experimental Result:
Part A:

Code:

close all;
clear all;
clc;
Ac=2;
fc=50000;
t=0:1/(fc*20):20/fc;
csig=Ac*sin(2*pi*fc*t);
fm=5000;
m = square(2*pi*fm*t);
Kf=10000;
td=t(2)-t(1);
Theta =zeros(1,length(t));

for i=1:length(t)

Theta(i)=(2*pi*fc*t(i)+(2*pi*Kf*sum(m(1:i))*t
d));
end
MDS=Ac*sin(Theta);
figure(1)
plot(t,m,'linewidth',1);
hold on
plot(t,MDS)
xlabel('time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title(['FM modulation for Kf= ' num2str(Kf)])

Fig-2: FM modulated signal for square wave signal.


Fig-3: FM modulated signal for square wave signal.

Fig-3: FM modulated signal for square wave signal.

• For increasing Kf value, frequency of FM signal is degreasing for negative value of


message signal.
Part B - Using the product detector to recover the message
Code:

clc
close all
clear all
fc=50000;
Ac= 2;
[y,Fs] = audioread('Shayem.mp3');
t = 0:1/Fs:1100/Fs;
m = 3*y(140000:141100);
Kf=10000;
td=t(2)-t(1);
Theta =zeros(1,length(t));
for i=1:length(t)

Theta(i)=(2*pi*fc*t(i)+(2*pi*Kf*sum(m(1:i))*t
d));
end
MDS=Ac*sin(Theta);
figure(1)
plot(t,m,'r','linewidth',1);
hold on
plot(t,MDS)
xlabel('time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('FM modulated signal for voice signal')
Fig-5: FM modulated signal for voice signal.

Part B - Considering the spectral composition of FM signalsCode:

close all;
clear all;
clc;
Ac=2;
fc=50000;
t=0:1/(fc*20):20/fc;
csig=Ac*sin(2*pi*fc*t);
fm=5000;
m = square(2*pi*fm*t);
Kf=10000;
td=t(2)-t(1);
Theta =zeros(1,length(t));
for i=1:length(t)

Theta(i)=(2*pi*fc*t(i)+(2*pi*Kf*sum(m(1:i))*t
d));
end
MDS=Ac*sin(Theta);
spk=fftshift(abs(fft(MDS)));
frq=linspace(-1/td,1/td,length(t));
figure(1)
plot(frq,spk,'linewidth',1);
xlabel('time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('Frequency spectrum for square wave')
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

fc=50000;
Ac= 2;
[y,Fs] = audioread('Shayem.mp3');
t = 0:1/Fs:1100/Fs;
m = 3*y(140000:141100);
Kf=10000;
td=t(2)-t(1);
Theta =zeros(1,length(t));
for i=1:length(t)

Theta(i)=(2*pi*fc*t(i)+(2*pi*Kf*sum(m(1:i))*t
d));
end
MDS=Ac*sin(Theta);
SS=abs(fft(MDS));
spk=fftshift(SS);
frq=linspace(-1/td,1/td,length(t));
figure(2)
plot(frq,spk,'linewidth',1);
xlabel('time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('Frequency spectrum for voice signal')
hold off
figure(3)
for d=1:length(SS)
if(SS(d)<3)
SS(d)=35*SS(d);
end
if(SS(d)<10)
SS(d)=15*SS(d);
end
if(SS(d)<15)
SS(d)=6*SS(d);
end
if(SS(d)<25)
SS(d)=4*SS(d);
end
if(SS(d)<35)
SS(d)=3*SS(d);
end

snv=sin(2*pi*SS(d)*t);
hold on
plot(t,snv,'linewidth',1)
end

xlabel('time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('FM signals is rich in sinewaves')

Fig-6: Message signal spectram.


Fig-7: voice signal spectram

Fig-8: plot of sine spectrum


(Code of Part-c cont…)

hold off
figure(3)
for d=1:length(SS)
% if(SS(d)<3)
% SS(d)=35*SS(d);
% end
% if(SS(d)<10)
% SS(d)=15*SS(d);
% end
% if(SS(d)<15)
% SS(d)=6*SS(d);
% end
% if(SS(d)<25)
% SS(d)=4*SS(d);
% end
% if(SS(d)<35)
% SS(d)=3*SS(d);
% end

snv=sin(2*pi*SS(d)*t);
hold on
plot(t,snv,'linewidth',1)
end

xlabel('time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('FM signals is rich in sinewaves')
Fig-9: plot of sine spectrum without rearrange values.

Q-Answer-1:

The frequency with the amplitude of message signal which multiplied with frequency sensitivity,
Kf.

Fi(t)= fc+Kf× 𝑚(𝑡)

Q-Answer-2:

Yes. We can calculate the frequency using Fi(t)= fc+Kf× 𝑚(𝑡) equation. When the wave is
negative, Fi(t)= fc+Kf× 𝑚(𝑡)

=50000+10000× −1= 40000 Hz

Q-Answer-3:

The relationship between the FM signal’s frequency deviation and the amplitude
of the message is, ∆𝑓=Kf×Am.

Conclusion:
From this lab, we achieved our objective and we know how to modulate FM signal using voice
signal and we can use this in other labs.

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