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Lecture 03

The document provides an overview of various operators in C++, including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, bitwise, logical, and conditional operators, along with examples. It also covers string manipulation and mathematical functions available in C++ through the cmath library. Additionally, it includes example code snippets demonstrating the usage of these operators and functions.

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0 views7 pages

Lecture 03

The document provides an overview of various operators in C++, including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, bitwise, logical, and conditional operators, along with examples. It also covers string manipulation and mathematical functions available in C++ through the cmath library. Additionally, it includes example code snippets demonstrating the usage of these operators and functions.

Uploaded by

seanbrayan93
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Operators: Arithmetic operators

Operator Name Description Example


+ Addition Adds together two values x+y
- Subtraction Subtracts one value from another x-y
* Multiplication Multiplies two values x*y
/ Division Divides one value by another x/y
% Modulus Returns the division remainder x%y
-- Decrement Decreases the value of a variable by 1 --x
++ Increment Increases the value of a variable by 1 ++x

Operators: Assignment Operators


Operator Name Example Same As
= Simple Assignment x=5 x=5
+= Add AND Assignment x += 3 x=x+3
-= Subtract AND Assignment x -= 3 x=x-3
*= Multiply AND Assignment x *= 3 x=x*3
/= Divide AND Assignment x /= 3 x=x/3
%= Modulus AND Assignment x %= 3 x=x%3

Operators: Comparison Operators/ Relational Operators


Operator Name Example
== Equal to x == y
!= Not equal x != y
> Greater than x>y
< Less than x<y
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y
<= Less than or equal to x <= y

Operators: Bitwise Operators


Operators: Bitwise Assignment Operators
Operators: Logical Operators
Operator Name Description Example
&& Logical Returns true if both statements x < 5 && x < 10
and are true
|| Logical Returns true if one of the x < 5 || x < 4
or statements is true
! Logical Reverse the result, return false if !(x < 5 && x < 10)
not the result is true

Example:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(){
//bool isCPPHard = true;
//bool CPPEnjoyable = false;
//cout << isCPPHard;
//cout << CPPEnjoyable;
int x = 10;
int y = 9;
//cout << (x > y);
//cout << (x == 10);
//cout<< (x < 5 && x < 10);
cout<< (y < 5 || y < 10);
return 0;
}
C++ Conditions:
If condition:
Syntax: if (condition) {
}
Example: int x = 20; int y = 18;
if (x>y){
cout<<x<<" is greater than "<<y<<endl;
return 0;
}
If … else condition:
Syntax: if (condition) {
}
else {
}
If … else if … else condition:
Syntax: if (condition 1) {
}
else if (condition 2) {
}
else {
}
Example 01:
int CurrentTime;
cout<<"Please Enter the Current Time (24hr format) :"
cin>>CurrentTime;
if (time < 12) {
cout << "Good morning.";
} else if (time < 18) {
cout << "Good day.";
} else {
cout << "Good evening.";
}

Example 02: Find the larger value from the three integers entered by user from
the keyboard.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a, b,c;
cout << "Please enter three values :";
cin>>a>>b>>c;

if(a>b && a>c){


cout<<a<<" is larger value";
}
else if(b>a && b>c){
cout<<b<<" is larger value";
}
else{
cout<<c<<" is larger value";
}

return 0;
}
Working with strings:
To work with strings, first include the string library:
#include <string>
Concatenation: using +
Append: firstVariable.append(lastVariable)
String length: variable_Name.size() or variable_Name.length()
Access to string: variable_Name[index]
Change the string characters: variable_Name[index] = 'new_Char'
User input string: getline(cin, variable_Name) to get full strings
Special characters: \', \" , and \\

Example:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main(){
string firstName = "RAIN MAN"
string lastName = "RAJA"
string firstName = firstName + lastName;
cout << fullName;
// cout<<firstName <<" "<<lastName<<endl;
// string fullName = firstName.append(lastName);
// cout<<fullName;
// cout<<firstName.append(lastName);
// string x = "100";
// string y = "333";
// string z = x+y;
// cout<<z;
// cout<<firstName.size();
// cout<<fullName.length()<<"\n";
// cout<<fullName[4]<<endl;
// fullName[15]='Z';
// cout<<fullName;

// string fullName;
// cout << "Type your full name: ";
// // cin>>fullName;
// getline (cin, fullName);
// cout << "Your name is: " << fullName<<endl;
return 0;
}

Working with math:


To use all mathematical operations, first include the cmath library:
#include <cmath>
abs(x) Returns the absolute value of x
acos(x) Returns the arccosine of x i.e. cos-1
asin(x) Returns the arcsine of x i.e. sin-1
atan(x) Returns the arctangent of x i.e. tan-1
cbrt(x) Returns the cube root of x
ceil(x) Returns the value of x rounded up to its nearest integer
cos(x) Returns the cosine of x
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
cosh(x) Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x i.e. 2

exp(x) Returns the value of ex (e = 2.718281….)


expm1(x) Returns ex -1
fabs(x) Returns the absolute value of a floating x
fdim(x, y) Returns the positive difference between x and y
floor(x) Returns the value of x rounded down to its nearest integer
hypot(x, y) Returns sqrt(x2 +y2) w/o intermediate overflow or underflow
log(x) Return the log of x as natural log or e base log or ln
log10(x) Return the log of x as 10 base log.
max(x,y) Return maximum value from x and y
min(x,y) Return minimum value from x and y
fmax(x, y) Returns the highest value of a floating x and y
fmin(x, y) Returns the lowest value of a floating x and y
fmod(x, y) Returns the floating point remainder of x/y
pow(x, y) Returns the value of x to the power of y
round(x) Returns the rounded value of x
sin(x) Returns the sine of x (x is in radians)
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
sinh(x) Returns the hyperbolic sine of x i.e.
2

sqrt(x) Return the square root of a value


tan(x) Returns the tangent of an angle
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
tanh(x) Returns the hyperbolic tangent of x i.e. 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥

Example:
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

int main(){
int a = 100;
cout<<log10(a);
return 0;
}

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