DATA ANALYTICS IN

EDUCATION, ENTERTAINMENT
& HOSPITALITY

MODULE 1
PREPARED BY:
MS. PRATIBHA SAJWAN
WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS

• DATA ANALYTICS IS THE PROCESS OF COLLECTING, ORGANIZING AND STUDYING DATA TO FIND USEFUL
INFORMATION UNDERSTAND WHAT’S HAPPENING AND MAKE BETTER DECISIONS. IN SIMPLE WORDS IT
HELPS PEOPLE AND BUSINESSES LEARN FROM DATA LIKE WHAT WORKED IN THE PAST, WHAT IS
HAPPENING NOW AND WHAT MIGHT HAPPEN IN THE FUTURE.
IMPORTANCE
 INTRODUCTION

• DEFINITION: THE PROCESS OF EXAMINING DATA SETS TO DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE INFORMATION
THEY CONTAIN.

• RELEVANCE: ENHANCES DECISION-MAKING ACROSS VARIOUS INDUSTRIES.

INTRODUCTION
 TYPES OF DATA ANALYTICS

• DESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICS: WHAT HAPPENED?

• DIAGNOSTIC ANALYTICS: WHY DID IT HAPPEN?

• PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS: WHAT WILL HAPPEN?

• PRESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICS: WHAT SHOULD WE DO?

 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICS

• EDUCATION: ANALYZING STUDENT PERFORMANCE AND ATTENDANCE RECORDS.

• ENTERTAINMENT: EVALUATING VIEWERSHIP RATINGS AND TRENDS.

• HOSPITALITY: SUMMARIZING OCCUPANCY RATES AND CUSTOMER FEEDBACK.

 DIAGNOSTIC ANALYTICS

• EDUCATION: IDENTIFYING FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENT PERFORMANCE.

• ENTERTAINMENT: UNDERSTANDING REASONS BEHIND CHANGES IN AUDIENCE ENGAGEMENT.

• HOSPITALITY: ANALYZING REASONS FOR FLUCTUATIONS IN CUSTOMER SATISFACTION.

 PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS

• EDUCATION: PREDICTING STUDENT DROPOUT RATES.

• ENTERTAINMENT: FORECASTING BOX OFFICE SUCCESS OR TV RATINGS.

• HOSPITALITY: ANTICIPATING PEAK SEASONS AND BOOKING TRENDS.

 PRESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICS

• EDUCATION: RECOMMENDING PERSONALIZED LEARNING PLANS.

• ENTERTAINMENT: SUGGESTING CONTENT PRODUCTION AND MARKETING STRATEGIES.

• HOSPITALITY: OPTIMIZING PRICING STRATEGIES AND PERSONALIZED OFFERS.

 DATA & DATA SOURCES FOR ANALYTICS

• SMALL DATA: INDIVIDUAL DATA SETS OR SMALL-SCALE DATA.

• BIG DATA: LARGE, COMPLEX DATA SETS.

• TRADITIONAL DATA SOURCES: SURVEYS, TRANSACTION RECORDS.

• NON-TRADITIONAL DATA SOURCES: SOCIAL MEDIA, IOT DEVICES.

 DATA SOURCES IN EDUCATION,
ENTERTAINMENT, AND HOSPITALITY

• EDUCATION: STUDENT RECORDS, ONLINE LEARNING PLATFORMS, ADMINISTRATIVE DATA.

• ENTERTAINMENT: SOCIAL MEDIA, STREAMING SERVICES, TICKET SALES.

• HOSPITALITY: CUSTOMER REVIEWS, BOOKING PLATFORMS, IOT DEVICES.

THE EVOLUTION OF DATA ANALYTICS: PAST,
PRESENT, AND FUTURE

• THE PAST: THE BIRTH OF DATA ANALYTICS

• THE PRESENT: THE AGE OF BIG DATA AND MACHINE LEARNING
• THE FUTURE: TOWARDS AN AI-DRIVEN WORLD
• AUTOMATED MACHINE LEARNING
• EXPLAINABLE AI
• REAL-TIME ANALYTICS
• DATA PRIVACY AND ETHICS
THE PAST: THE BIRTH OF DATA ANALYTICS

• DATA ANALYSIS IS NOT A NEW CONCEPT. EVEN IN ANCIENT TIMES, PEOPLE USED RUDIMENTARY FORMS
OF DATA ANALYSIS TO RECORD ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS, TRACK GOODS, AND MAINTAIN CENSUS
DATA. HOWEVER, IT WAS ONLY WITH THE ADVENT OF COMPUTERS IN THE MID-20TH CENTURY THAT
DATA ANALYTICS BEGAN TO TAKE ON A FORM WE WOULD RECOGNIZE TODAY.

• THE ADVENT OF DATABASES IN THE 1960S AND 1970S MARKED A SIGNIFICANT LEAP FORWARD IN
DATA ANALYTICS. THIS ALLOWED ORGANIZATIONS TO STORE AND MANAGE LARGE AMOUNTS OF DATA
DIGITALLY. THE 1980S SAW THE DEVELOPMENT OF MORE ADVANCED STATISTICAL SOFTWARE, AND BY
THE 1990S, DATA MINING TECHNIQUES WERE BEING USED TO EXTRACT INSIGHTS FROM LARGE
DATASETS.
THE PRESENT: THE AGE OF BIG DATA AND
MACHINE LEARNING
• IN THE 21ST CENTURY, DATA ANALYTICS HAS ENTERED A NEW ERA CHARACTERIZED BY TWO KEY
DEVELOPMENTS: THE EXPLOSION OF BIG DATA AND THE ADVENT OF MACHINE LEARNING.

• WITH THE ADVENT OF THE INTERNET, SOCIAL MEDIA, AND SMART DEVICES, WE ARE NOW GENERATING
DATA AT AN UNPRECEDENTED RATE. THIS HAS GIVEN RISE TO "BIG DATA," CHARACTERIZED BY ITS
VOLUME, VARIETY, AND VELOCITY. DATA ANALYTICS HAS HAD TO ADAPT TO HANDLE THIS DELUGE OF
INFORMATION.

• CONCURRENTLY, MACHINE LEARNING HAS TAKEN DATA ANALYTICS TO NEW HEIGHTS. MACHINE
LEARNING, A SUBSET OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, INVOLVES TEACHING COMPUTERS TO LEARN FROM
DATA AND MAKE PREDICTIONS OR DECISIONS WITHOUT BEING EXPLICITLY PROGRAMMED TO DO SO.
THIS HAS ENABLED MORE ADVANCED FORMS OF DATA ANALYTICS, SUCH AS PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS
AND PRESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICS.
THE FUTURE: TOWARDS AN AI-DRIVEN WORLD

• LOOKING AHEAD, IT'S CLEAR THAT THE EVOLUTION OF DATA ANALYTICS IS FAR FROM OVER. SEVERAL
EMERGING TRENDS SUGGEST THE
AUTOMATED MACHINE LEARNING

• AUTOMATED MACHINE LEARNING (AUTO ML) REPRESENTS THE NEXT STEP IN THE EVOLUTION OF
MACHINE LEARNING. IT INVOLVES

• AUTOMATING THE PROCESS OF APPLYING MACHINE LEARNING, MAKING IT MORE ACCESSIBLE TO

NON-EXPERTS AND IMPROVING

• EFFICIENCY OF EXPERTS.
REAL-TIME ANALYTICS

• WITH THE RISE OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) DEVICES AND OTHER TECHNOLOGIES THAT GENERATE
CONTINUOUS STREAMS OF DATA, REALTIME ANALYTICS IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT. THIS
INVOLVES ANALYZING DATA IN NEAR-REAL TIME TO GAIN INSTANT INSIGHTS.
DATA PRIVACY AND ETHICS

• AS DATA ANALYTICS BECOMES MORE PERVASIVE, ISSUES OF DATA PRIVACY AND ETHICS BECOME INCREASINGLY
IMPORTANT. FUTURE

• DEVELOPMENTS IN DATA ANALYTICS WILL NEED TO CONSIDER THESE ISSUES, BALANCING THE BENEFITS OF DATA
ANALYSIS WITH THE NEED

• TO PROTECT INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY AND ENSURE ETHICAL USE OF DATA.

• THE EVOLUTION OF DATA ANALYTICS FROM SIMPLE STATISTICS TO ADVANCED MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES
HAS BEEN A REMARKABLE

• JOURNEY. WITH THE ADVENT OF BIG DATA AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, DATA ANALYTICS IS POISED TO
CONTINUE ITS TRANSFORMATIVE

• IMPACT ON BUSINESSES AND SOCIETY. AS WE LOOK TO THE FUTURE, WE CAN EXPECT FURTHER INNOVATIONS
AND CHALLENGES IN THIS

• EXCITING FIELD
INTRODUCTION TO DATA PROCESSING

• DATA PROCESSING, THE CONVERSION OF RAW DATA INTO MEANINGFUL INFORMATION, IS PIVOTAL IN
TODAY'S INFORMATION-DRIVEN WORLD.

• THE DATA PROCESSING PROCESS IS VITAL ACROSS VARIOUS SECTORS, FROM BUSINESS AND SCIENCE TO
REAL-TIME APPLICATIONS, SHAPING THE WAY WE INTERPRET AND UTILIZE INFORMATION.
WHAT IS DATA PROCESSING?

DATA PROCESSING MEANS TO PROCESSING OF DATA I.E. TO CONVERT ITS FORMAT. AS WE

• DATA PROCESSING PROCESS SYSTEM IS ALSO REFERRED AS INFORMATION SYSTEM.
• IT IS ALSO RIGHT TO SAY THAT DATA PROCESSING BECOMES THE PROCESS OF CONVERTING
INFORMATION INTO DATA AND ALSO VICE-VERSA.
PROCESSING DATA VS PROCESSED DATA

• PROCESSING DATA DEFINITION INVOLVES DEFINING AND MANAGING THE STRUCTURE,

CHARACTERISTICS, AND SPECIFICATIONS OF DATA WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION.

• PROCESSED DATA DEFINITION TYPICALLY REFERS TO THE REFINED AND FINALIZED SPECIFICATIONS AND
ATTRIBUTES ASSOCIATED WITH DATA AFTER IT HAS UNDERGONE VARIOUS PROCESSING STEPS.
STAGES OF DATA PROCESSING PROCESS

• COLLECTION
• PREPARATION
• INPUT
• DATA PROCESSING
• DATA OUTPUT
• DATA STORAGE
COLLECTION

• THE PROCESS BEGINS WITH THE COLLECTION OF RAW DATA FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. THE STAGE
ESTABLISHES THE FOUNDATION FOR SUBSEQUENT PROCESSING, ENSURING A COMPREHENSIVE POOL OF
DATA RELEVANT TO THE INTENDED ANALYSIS. IT COULD INCLUDE SURVEYS, SENSORS, DATABASES, OR
ANY OTHER MEANS OF GATHERING RELEVANT INFORMATION.
PREPARATION

• DATA PREPARATION FOCUSES ON ORGANIZING, DATA CLEANING, AND FORMATTING RAW DATA.
IRRELEVANT INFORMATION IS FILTERED OUT, ERRORS ARE CORRECTED, AND THE DATA IS STRUCTURED
IN A WAY THAT FACILITATES EFFICIENT ANALYSIS DURING SUBSEQUENT STAGES OF PROCESSING.
INPUT

• DURING THE DATA INPUT STAGE, THE PREPARED DATA IS ENTERED INTO A COMPUTER SYSTEM. THIS
CAN BE ACHIEVED THROUGH MANUAL ENTRY OR AUTOMATED METHODS, DEPENDING ON THE NATURE OF
THE DATA AND THE SYSTEMS IN PLACE.
DATA PROCESSING

• THE CORE OF DATA PROCESSING INVOLVES MANIPULATING AND ANALYZING THE PREPARED DATA.
OPERATIONS SUCH AS SORTING, SUMMARIZING, CALCULATING, AND AGGREGATING ARE PERFORMED TO
EXTRACT MEANINGFUL INSIGHTS AND PATTERNS.
DATA OUTPUT

• THE RESULTS OF DATA PROCESSING ARE PRESENTED IN A COMPREHENSIBLE FORMAT DURING THE DATA
OUTPUT STAGE. THIS COULD INCLUDE REPORTS, CHARTS, GRAPHS, OR OTHER VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS
THAT FACILITATE UNDERSTANDING AND DECISION-MAKING BASED ON THE ANALYZED DATA.
DATA STORAGE

• THE FINAL STAGE ENTAILS STORING THE PROCESSED DATA FOR FUTURE REFERENCE AND ANALYSIS.
THIS IS CRUCIAL FOR MAINTAINING A HISTORICAL RECORD, ENABLING EFFICIENT RETRIEVAL, AND
SUPPORTING ONGOING OR FUTURE DATA-RELATED INITIATIVES. PROPER DATA STORAGE ENSURES THE
LONGEVITY AND ACCESSIBILITY OF VALUABLE INFORMATION.
TYPES OF DATA PROCESSING

• 1. MANUAL DATA PROCESSING

• 2. MECHANICAL DATA PROCESSING
• 3. ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING
• 4. BATCH DATA PROCESSING
• 5. REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING
• 6. ONLINE DATA PROCESSING
• 7. AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING
. MANUAL DATA PROCESSING

• IN THIS TYPE, DATA IS PROCESSED BY HUMANS WITHOUT THE USE OF MACHINES OR ELECTRONIC
DEVICES. IT INVOLVES TASKS SUCH AS MANUAL CALCULATIONS, SORTING, AND RECORDING, MAKING IT
A TIME-CONSUMING PROCESS.
MECHANICAL DATA PROCESSING

• THIS TYPE UTILIZES MECHANICAL DEVICES, SUCH AS PUNCH CARDS OR MECHANICAL CALCULATORS, TO
PROCESS DATA. WHILE MORE EFFICIENT THAN MANUAL PROCESSING, IT LACKS THE SPEED AND
CAPABILITIES OF ELECTRONIC METHODS.
• ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING (EDP) INVOLVES THE USE OF COMPUTERS TO PROCESS AND ANALYZE
DATA. IT SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCES SPEED AND ACCURACY COMPARED TO MANUAL AND MECHANICAL
METHODS, MAKING IT A FUNDAMENTAL SHIFT IN DATA PROCESSING.
WHAT IS REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING?
• REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING IS A TECHNIQUE OF INSTANTANEOUS INGESTION, TRANSFORMATION,
STORAGE, AND ANALYSIS OF DATA AS SOON AS IT IS GENERATED. IT IS A PREFERRED METHOD FOR
PERFORMING FASTER DATA OPERATIONS WITH LATENCY IN THE RANGE OF MILLISECONDS. YOU CAN
LEVERAGE REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING FOR ACCELERATED DATA ANALYSIS AND BUSINESS INSIGHTS
GENERATION.

• A COMMON REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING EXAMPLE IS THE PRODUCT RECOMMENDATION ALGORITHM OF

E-COMMERCE WEBSITES. HERE, YOU CAN COLLECT DATA ON CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR, SUCH AS THEIR
BROWSING HISTORY, SEARCH QUERIES, CLICKS, PURCHASES, OR ADD-TO-CART ACTIONS, IMMEDIATELY
WHEN THEY ARE NAVIGATING YOUR E-COMMERCE PORTAL. YOU CAN THEN ANALYZE THESE DATA TO
RECOMMEND MORE PERSONALIZED PRODUCT OPTIONS TO YOUR CUSTOMERS IN REAL-TIME.
HOW REAL-TIME PROCESSING WORKS?
1. DATA COLLECTION

• THE FIRST STEP IN REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING IS INSTANT DATA INGESTION. THIS IS DONE BY
COLLECTING DATA FROM VARIOUS SOURCES, SUCH AS SERVER LOGS, IOT DEVICES, OR SOCIAL MEDIA
FEEDS. YOU CAN INGEST THIS DATA WITH THE HELP OF DATA STREAMING TOOLS LIKE APACHE KAFKA
OR AMAZON KINESIS.
DATA PROCESSING

• HERE, THE INGESTED DATA IS AGGREGATED, CLEANED, TRANSFORMED, AND ENRICHED. THIS CONVERTS
IT INTO A FORMAT SUITABLE FOR OTHER DATA SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS.
DATA STORAGE

• AFTER PROCESSING, YOU CAN STORE YOUR DATA IN DESTINATION SYSTEMS SUCH AS RELATIONAL
DATABASES, STREAMING PLATFORMS, OR IN-MEMORY DATABASES.
DATA DISTRIBUTION

• YOU CAN DISTRIBUTE THE PROCESSED DATA ACROSS VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO MAKE IT ACCESSIBLE FOR
DOWNSTREAM OPERATIONS.
BENEFITS OF REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING

1. FASTER DECISION MAKING

• REAL-TIME PROCESSING PROVIDES YOU WITH DATA INSIGHTS QUICKLY AFTER ANALYSIS.
• THESE INSIGHTS HELP YOU IDENTIFY THE PARAMETERS ON WHICH YOU ARE PERFORMING WELL AND THE
FACTORS THAT ARE NEGATIVELY AFFECTING YOUR GROWTH.

• YOU CAN USE THIS INFORMATION TO SPEEDILY CHANGE YOUR PRODUCT FEATURES IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THE PREFERENCES OF YOUR TARGET CUSTOMERS.

• THIS GIVES YOU AN EDGE OVER YOUR COMPETITORS, CONTRIBUTING TO BUSINESS GROWTH.
ENHANCED DATA QUALITY

• DURING REAL-TIME DATA MOVEMENT, YOU CAN QUICKLY DISCOVER DISCREPANCIES IN YOUR
DATASETS.

• EARLY DETECTION HELPS YOU REMOVE ERRORS IMMEDIATELY AND IMPROVE YOUR DATA QUALITY.
• MOREOVER, THE ERRORS ARE CAUGHT CLOSER TO THEIR SOURCE IN REAL-TIME DATA FLOW. THIS
HELPS IDENTIFY THE ROOT CAUSE AND RESOLVE INACCURACIES IN DATA AT AN EARLY STAGE.
ELEVATED CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE

• IN AN ENTERPRISE, REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING CAN HELP YOU EXPONENTIALLY IMPROVE THE
CUSTOMER SERVICE EXPERIENCE.

• YOU CAN EVALUATE YOUR CUSTOMER DATA PROMPTLY AND IDENTIFY THE LOOPHOLES DISCOURAGING
PEOPLE FROM BUYING YOUR PRODUCTS OR SERVICES.

• SUCH EVALUATIONS HELP YOU IMPROVE YOUR PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
TO INCREASE CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT AND REVENUE.
INCREASED DATA SECURITY

• YOU CAN QUICKLY DETECT FRAUD OR SECURITY BREACHES BY MONITORING AND PROCESSING YOUR
DATA IN REAL-TIME.

• THIS IS ESPECIALLY USEFUL IN THE FINANCE SECTOR OR STOCK MARKETS. YOU CAN ALSO USE
REAL-TIME PROCESSING TO IDENTIFY EARLY SIGNS OF NEGATIVE TRENDS THAT COULD IMPACT MARKET
OR STOCK PRICES.

• THIS ALLOWS YOU TO TAKE PREVENTIVE ACTIONS BEFOREHAND TO MINIMIZE POTENTIAL LOSSES.
REAL-TIME VS. BATCH VS. NEAR REAL-TIME
DATA PROCESSING
Feature Real-time Processing Batch Processing
Definition Real-time processing involves Here, you have to process data flows and
instantaneous data flow and operations in batches.
operations.
Latency Range It has a latency range of a few It has a latency range from several hours to
milliseconds. days.
Complexity Real-time processing is a complex It is the easiest of the three processing
process that requires technical techniques.
expertise and infrastructure.

Cost It is highly expensive as it requires It is highly cost-effective as it requires

specialized equipment and software. inexpensive infrastructure.
• LAMBDA ARCHITECTURE HAS A LAYERED FRAMEWORK CONSISTING OF BATCH, SPEED, AND SERVING
LAYERS. THE BATCH LAYER ENABLES YOU TO STORE DATA IN RAW FORM, WHICH IS THEN PROCESSED IN
BATCHES. YOU CAN STORE DATA USING DISTRIBUTED FILE SYSTEMS LIKE HADOOP DISTRIBUTED FILE
SYSTEMS (HDFS). FOR BATCH PROCESSING YOUR DATA, YOU CAN USE TOOLS LIKE APACHE SPARK
OR APACHE FLINK.

• THE SPEED LAYER ENABLES THE DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING OF REAL-TIME DATA USING STREAM
PROCESSING TOOLS LIKE APACHE KAFKA OR APACHE STORM. THE SERVING LAYER ALLOWS YOU TO
UNIFY THE OUTPUTS OF BOTH BATCH AND SPEED LAYERS. IT ACTS AS AN INTERMEDIARY BETWEEN THE
END-USER AND THE PROCESSED DATA. THE SERVING LAYER USES A DATABASE SUCH AS APACHE
CASSANDRA OR MONGODB TO STORE PROCESSED DATA AND QUERY ENGINES LIKE APACHE HIVE TO
ENABLE YOU TO QUERY THE DATA.
2. KAPPA
• KAPPA ARCHITECTURE IS SIMPLER THAN LAMBDA ARCHITECTURE AND CAN HANDLE REAL-TIME
PROCESSING IN A MORE STREAMLINED WAY. IT CONSISTS OF ONLY ONE STREAMING LAYER. THE KAPPA
ARCHITECTURE LAYER USES TOOLS LIKE APACHE KAFKA STREAM OR APACHE FLINK TO INGEST AND
PROCESS DATA AND STORE IT IN A DATABASE LIKE APACHE CASSANDRA.
DELTA
• THE DELTA ARCHITECTURE ENABLES YOU TO COMBINE AND STREAMLINE BOTH LAMBDA AND KAPPA'S
STORAGE AND PROCESSING CAPABILITIES THROUGH THE MICRO-BATCHING TECHNIQUE. THIS TECHNIQUE
IS AN INTERMEDIARY APPROACH AND FORMS THE BASIS OF DATA PROCESSING IN MANY MODERN DATA
LAKES, LIKE DELTA LAKE.
CHALLENGES WITH PROCESSING DATA IN REAL-TIME

• 1. SCALABILITY
IT CAN BE CHALLENGING TO PROCESS LARGE VOLUMES OF DATA IN REAL-TIME COMING FROM SOURCES SUCH AS
SOCIAL MEDIA FEEDS OR FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS. THIS CAN LEAD TO INFRASTRUCTURE OVERLOADING,
REDUCING PROCESSING EFFICIENCY. MOREOVER, YOUR INFRASTRUCTURE MAY NOT SHOW FLEXIBILITY ACCORDING
TO AN INCREASE OR DECREASE IN DATA VOLUME, RESULTING IN OVER- OR UNNECESSARY USAGE OF ITS RESOURCES.

• 2. DATA QUALITY
REAL-TIME DATA COMES FROM VARIOUS SOURCES IN DIFFERENT FORMATS, WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT BE
COMPATIBLE WITH EACH OTHER. REAL-TIME PROCESSING ALSO INTRODUCES TECHNICAL GLITCHES, SOMETIMES
RESULTING IN MISSING DATA. ALL THESE IRREGULARITIES CONTRIBUTE TO THE DETERIORATION OF DATA QUALITY.
• 3. COMPLEXITY
• IN REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING, MULTIPLE TASKS, SUCH AS INGESTION, CLEANING, TRANSFORMATION, AND
LOADING, ARE PERFORMED SIMULTANEOUSLY. AS A RESULT, PROPER RESOURCE ALLOCATION FOR EACH OF
THESE TASKS BECOMES A CHALLENGE. HISTORICAL ANALYSIS ALSO BECOMES DIFFICULT IN REAL-TIME
PROCESSING AS MORE EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON CURRENT DATA. THIS AFFECTS THE FRAMING OF LONG-TERM
STRATEGIES IN BUSINESS.

• 4. SECURITY
• WHILE PROCESSING YOUR DATA IN REAL-TIME, THERE ARE RISKS OF UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS AND DATA
BREACHES. THE REASON FOR THIS IS THAT IN THE RUSH TO ACHIEVE FASTER PROCESSING, SECURITY PROTOCOLS
GET COMPROMISED. TO AVOID THIS, YOU SHOULD SECURE THE DATA PIPELINES THROUGH ROLE-BASED ACCESS
CONTROL, AUTHENTICATION, AND ENCRYPTION FEATURES.

• 5. COSTS
• REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING REQUIRES SPECIALIZED HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE INFRASTRUCTURE. THIS
INFRASTRUCTURE IS COSTLY TO BUY AND MAINTAIN, SO PROCESSING DATA IN REAL-TIME MAY CAUSE FINANCIAL
STRAIN.
USE CASES FOR REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING

• 1. FINANCE
• REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING IS USEFUL FOR DETECTING SUSPICIOUS TRANSACTIONS AND FRAUD IN THE
FINANCE SECTOR. IT ALSO FACILITATES REAL-TIME ANALYSIS OF STOCK MARKET TRENDS TO ENABLE YOU TO
TAKE PRECAUTIONARY ACTIONS BEFORE POTENTIAL MONETARY LOSS.

• 2. E-COMMERCE
• REAL-TIME PROCESSING IN E-COMMERCE CAN HELP YOU COMPREHENSIVELY ANALYZE CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR
DATA. IT HELPS YOU QUICKLY RELATE PURCHASING BEHAVIOR, SEARCH HISTORY, AND PREFERENCES TO GIVE
BETTER PRODUCT RECOMMENDATIONS. YOU CAN ALSO MANAGE YOUR INVENTORY BY CONTINUOUSLY
ANALYZING SALES AND INVENTORY DATA.
• 3. HEALTHCARE
• PROCESSING HEALTH DATA RECORDS OF A PATIENT IN REAL TIME HELPS IN THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND
TREATMENT OF SERIOUS DISEASES. IT ALSO HELPS IN MONITORING AND CONTROLLING PUBLIC
OUTBREAKS OF VIRUSES. YOU CAN ALSO USE REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING IN INVENTORY
MANAGEMENT OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND MEDICAL EQUIPMENT TO ENSURE THAT THERE ARE NO GAPS
IN DEMAND AND SUPPLY.

• 4. COMMUNICATION
• REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING HAS MADE SWIFT COMMUNICATION WITH NO LATENCY POSSIBLE. THIS IS
VITAL FOR CUSTOMER SERVICE, WHERE YOU CAN GET SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR PROBLEMS INSTANTLY
THROUGH TECHNOLOGIES LIKE CHATBOTS. REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING IS INTEGRAL TO STREAMING
SERVICES, DELIVERING CONTENT WITHOUT BUFFERING. IT IS ALSO AN IMPORTANT PART OF SHARED
WORKSPACES, ENABLING REAL-TIME INTERACTION AND COLLABORATION OF TEAMS FOR PROJECT
COMPLETION.
REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING TOOLS

THE REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING TOOLS ARE BROADLY CATEGORIZED BASED ON

• INGESTION,

• STORAGE,

• PROCESSING
• ANALYSIS FUNCTIONALITY
• REAL-TIME DATA INGESTION TOOLS
• REAL-TIME DATA INGESTION TOOLS ENABLE YOU TO COLLECT DATA AS SOON AS IT IS GENERATED FROM
VARIOUS SOURCES. APACHE KAFKA, APACHE NIFI, AMAZON KINESIS, AND WAVEFRONT ARE SOME
EXAMPLES OF REAL-TIME DATA INGESTION TOOLS.
• STREAM PROCESSING FRAMEWORKS
• STREAM PROCESSING INVOLVES REAL-TIME PROCESSING OF DATA STREAMS. THESE STREAMS COLLECT
AND SEND DATA RECORDS INTO MULTIPLE SYSTEMS SIMULTANEOUSLY. APACHE SPARK, APACHE
STORM, APACHE SAMZA, AND APACHE FLINK ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF STREAM PROCESSING
FRAMEWORKS.
• REAL-TIME DATA STORAGE
• THE REAL-TIME DATA STORAGE PROCESS INVOLVES CAPTURING AND STORING DATA IMMEDIATELY
AFTER ITS GENERATION WITH LOW LATENCY. THERE ARE SOME PLATFORMS THAT FACILITATE THIS,
SUCH AS APACHE CASSANDRA, AMAZON DYNAMODB, FIREBASE, AND MONGODB.
• REAL-TIME ANALYTICS
• REAL-TIME ANALYTICS INVOLVES INSTANT DATA ANALYSIS TO GENERATE FASTER INSIGHTS FOR QUICK
DECISION-MAKING. MANY TOOLS, SUCH AS GOOGLE CLOUD DATAFLOW, AZURE STREAM ANALYTICS,
STREAMSQL, AND IBM STREAM ANALYTICS, FACILITATE REAL-TIME ANALYTICS.
ANY QUERY?????
 DATA ANALYTICS IN
EDUCATION, ENTERTAINMENT
& HOSPITALITY

MODULE 2
PREPARED BY:
MS. PRATIBHA SAJWAN
DATA CREATION TOOLS

• MOCKAROO: CREATE REALISTIC MOCK DATA (NAMES, EMAILS, DATES, ETC.) IN FORMATS LIKE CSV,
SQL, JSON.
• GENERATEDATA.COM: ONLINE TOOL TO CREATE CUSTOMIZABLE FAKE DATA SETS FOR TESTING AND
TRAINING.

• DATABENE BENERATOR: JAVA-BASED TOOL FOR GENERATING TEST DATA WITH RULES AND
CONSTRAINTS.

• REDGATE SQL DATA GENERATOR: FOR CREATING DATA FOR SQL SERVER DATABASES WITH
REAL-LIKE PATTERNS.
SYNTHETIC DATA GENERATION TOOLS
(ESPECIALLY FOR ML/AI MODELS)

• SYNTHESIA: CREATES SYNTHETIC VIDEO DATA USING AI AVATARS.

• MOSTLY AI: AI-POWERED SYNTHETIC DATA GENERATOR MAINTAINING STATISTICAL RELEVANCE AND
PRIVACY.

• GRETEL.AI: TOOLS FOR GENERATING PRIVACY-PRESERVING SYNTHETIC DATA WITH APIS.

• SDV (SYNTHETIC DATA VAULT BY MIT): OPEN-SOURCE LIBRARY FOR SYNTHETIC DATA MODELING.
UNSTRUCTURED DATA CREATION (TEXT, IMAGE,
AUDIO, VIDEO)

• CHATGPT / GPT-4O: GENERATE LARGE VOLUMES OF SYNTHETIC TEXT DATA (EMAILS, ARTICLES,
DIALOGUES).

• DALL·E OR MIDJOURNEY: FOR GENERATING SYNTHETIC IMAGES BASED ON PROMPTS.

• DESCRIPT / REPLICA STUDIOS: VOICE DATA GENERATION FOR TRAINING VOICE ASSISTANTS.
• UNITY SIMULATION / UNREAL ENGINE: FOR GENERATING GAME OR VISUAL SIMULATION DATA.
 AREA WHERE DATA ANALYTICS IS REQUIRED
• DATA ANALYSIS INVOLVES USING STATISTICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES TO DERIVE INSIGHTS
FROM DATA, WHICH CAN BE APPLIED IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES SUCH AS HEALTHCARE, FINANCE,
MARKETING, AND MORE.
 IMPACT OF DATA ANALYTICS IN THE
HEALTHCARE, FINANCE, MARKETING AREA

• DATA ANALYTICS MAINTAINS THE EFFICIENCY BY TRACKING SUPPLY CHAIN METRICS, THUS SAVING
LIVES AND COSTS.

• ENHANCE SECURITY AND PREVENTS FRAUD: CYBERCRIMINALS ATTACK HOSPITAL DATABASES

RESULTING IN THE LOSS OF REVENUE AND LEAKAGE IN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION ABOUT PATIENTS.
EXISTING TOOLS AND SYSTEMS USED FOR DATA
ANALYTICS IN EDUCATION

• LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (LMS)

• MOODLE

• BLACKBOARD

• CANVAS

• GOOGLE CLASSROOM
EXISTING TOOLS AND SYSTEMS USED FOR DATA
ANALYTICS IN EDUCATION

• STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (SIS)

• POWERSCHOOL

• SKYWARD

• INFINITE CAMPUS

• ASPEN
EXISTING TOOLS AND SYSTEMS USED FOR DATA
ANALYTICS IN EDUCATION

• DATA VISUALIZATION AND ANALYSIS TOOLS

• TABLEAU

• POWER BI

• GOOGLE DATA STUDIO

• D3.JS

• EXCEL
EXISTING TOOLS AND SYSTEMS USED FOR DATA
ANALYTICS IN EDUCATION
• LEARNING ANALYTICS PLATFORMS

• KNEWTON- KNEWTON IS AN ADAPTIVE LEARNING TECHNOLOGY PROVIDER THAT MAKES IT POSSIBLE FOR
OTHERS TO BUILD ADAPTIVE LEARNING APPLICATIONS. IN 2016, THE COMPANY ALSO BEGAN DEVELOPING
COURSEWARE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION CLASSES USING CONTENT FROM EDUCATIONAL COMPANIES AND OPEN
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES.

• CIVITAS LEARNING-CIVITAS LEARNING IS A COMPANY THAT PROVIDES DATA-DRIVEN SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE

STUDENT OUTCOMES AND ACADEMIC PLANNING FOR COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES. LEARN ABOUT THEIR
PRODUCTS, SERVICES, LOCATIONS,
• BRIGHTBYTES-
BRIGHTBYTES GATHERS IDEAS FROM THE BEST EXPERTS IN THE WORLD AND CREATES EVIDENCE-BASED
FRAMEWORKS THAT ARE COMBINED WITH WORLD-CLASS RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS FROM YOUR SCHOOL OR
REGION, GIVING YOU THE TOOLS TO UNDERSTAND AND QUICKLY IMPROVE STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES.
THEIR SOLUTIONS ARE SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED TO ADDRESS THE UNIQUE NEEDS OF EDUCATIONAL LEADERS
GLOBALLY. THEIR FLAGSHIP PLATFORM, CALLED CLARITY, TRANSFORMS COMPLEX DATA INTO ACTIONABLE
INFORMATION. CLARITY IMPACTS STUDENTS IN 1 IN 5 SCHOOLS IN THE US.

• EAB NAVIGATE-THE EAB NAVIGATE SYSTEM IS AN ONLINE TOOL TO CONNECT STUDENTS TO FACULTY,
STAFF, AND CAMPUS RESOURCES. THROUGH THIS TOOL, USERS CAN RAISE EARLY ALERTS FOR STUDENTS,
VIEW THE PROGRESS FOR GROUPS OF STUDENTS, CREATE A KIOSK SYSTEM, INITIATE PROACTIVE APPOINTMENT
CAMPAIGNS, AND INNOVATIVELY HELP STUDENTS GRADUATE IN A TIMELY MANNER.
EXISTING TOOLS AND SYSTEMS USED FOR DATA
ANALYTICS IN EDUCATION

• ASSESSMENT AND FEEDBACK TOOLS

• KAHOOT!

• QUIZLET

• EDMODO

• SOCRATIVE
EXISTING TOOLS AND SYSTEMS USED FOR DATA
ANALYTICS IN EDUCATION

• EDUCATIONAL DATA MINING (EDM) TOOLS

• RAPIDMINER

• WEKA

• KNIME
EXISTING TOOLS AND SYSTEMS USED FOR DATA
ANALYTICS IN EDUCATION

• PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS TOOLS

• IBM SPSS

• SAS ANALYTICS

• RAPID INSIGHT
EXISTING TOOLS AND SYSTEMS USED FOR DATA
ANALYTICS IN EDUCATION

• ADAPTIVE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES

• DREAMBOX

• SMART SPARROW

• ALEKS
EXISTING TOOLS AND SYSTEMS USED FOR DATA
ANALYTICS IN EDUCATION

• DATA WAREHOUSING AND BIG DATA TOOLS

• APACHE HADOOP

• AMAZON REDSHIFT

• GOOGLE BIGQUERY
EXISTING TOOLS AND SYSTEMS USED FOR DATA
ANALYTICS IN EDUCATION

• LEARNING RECORD STORES (LRS)

• LEARNING LOCKER

• WATERSHED LRS
 EXISTING TOOLS AND SYSTEMS USED FOR DATA
ANALYTICS IN EDUCATION

• AI AND MACHINE LEARNING PLATFORMS

• TENSORFLOW

• KERAS

• PYTORCH

HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JGXP1EE4WMS

SOME DATA TOOLS.

 OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION IN DATA ANALYTICS

• ENROLLMENT AND ADMISSIONS

• PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS: FORECASTING STUDENT ENROLLMENT TRENDS TO OPTIMIZE RESOURCE ALLOCATION.

• DATA-DRIVEN MARKETING: IDENTIFYING THE MOST EFFECTIVE RECRUITMENT STRATEGIES AND CHANNELS.

• ADMISSION PROCESSES: STREAMLINING APPLICATION PROCESSING AND IDENTIFYING BOTTLENECKS.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DATA ANALYTICS AND DATA
ANALYSIS
DATA ANALYSIS IS A SUBSET OF DATA ANALYTICS
 OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION IN DATA ANALYTICS

• CURRICULUM AND COURSE PLANNING

• DEMAND FORECASTING: USING HISTORICAL DATA TO PREDICT DEMAND FOR COURSES AND PROGRAMS.

• COURSE SCHEDULING: OPTIMIZING COURSE SCHEDULES TO REDUCE CONFLICTS AND IMPROVE CLASSROOM
UTILIZATION.

• CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT: ANALYZING STUDENT PERFORMANCE DATA TO IDENTIFY GAPS AND IMPROVE
CURRICULA.
 OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION IN DATA ANALYTICS

• STUDENT RETENTION AND SUCCESS

• EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS: IDENTIFYING AT-RISK STUDENTS THROUGH

ATTENDANCE, GRADES, AND ENGAGEMENT DATA.

• PERSONALIZED INTERVENTIONS: TAILORING SUPPORT SERVICES AND

INTERVENTIONS BASED ON INDIVIDUAL STUDENT DATA.

• PERFORMANCE TRACKING: MONITORING STUDENT PROGRESS AND PROVIDING

TIMELY FEEDBACK.
 OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION IN DATA ANALYTICS

• RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

• STAFF ALLOCATION: OPTIMIZING FACULTY AND STAFF DEPLOYMENT BASED ON

WORKLOAD AND STUDENT NEEDS.

• FACILITY UTILIZATION: ANALYZING USAGE PATTERNS TO MAXIMIZE THE USE OF

CLASSROOMS, LABS, AND OTHER FACILITIES.

• BUDGET MANAGEMENT: USING FINANCIAL ANALYTICS TO TRACK EXPENDITURES

AND IDENTIFY COST-SAVING OPPORTUNITIES.
 OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION IN DATA ANALYTICS

• ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESSES

• WORKFLOW AUTOMATION: STREAMLINING ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS SUCH AS

ADMISSIONS, REGISTRATION, AND GRADING THROUGH AUTOMATION.

• DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT: IMPLEMENTING ELECTRONIC RECORDS AND DATA

MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR EFFICIENT INFORMATION RETRIEVAL AND STORAGE.

• COMPLIANCE AND REPORTING: ENSURING REGULATORY COMPLIANCE AND SIMPLIFYING

THE GENERATION OF REQUIRED REPORTS.
 OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION IN DATA ANALYTICS

• FINANCIAL PLANNING AND ANALYSIS

• BUDGET FORECASTING: USING HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA TO PREDICT FUTURE

BUDGETS AND FUNDING NEEDS.

• COST ANALYSIS: IDENTIFYING COST DRIVERS AND AREAS FOR POTENTIAL

SAVINGS.

• REVENUE MANAGEMENT: OPTIMIZING TUITION PRICING, FINANCIAL AID, AND

OTHER REVENUE STREAMS.
 OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION IN DATA ANALYTICS

• STUDENT ENGAGEMENT AND SATISFACTION

• FEEDBACK ANALYSIS: COLLECTING AND ANALYZING STUDENT FEEDBACK TO IMPROVE

SERVICES AND PROGRAMS.

• ENGAGEMENT METRICS: MONITORING STUDENT ENGAGEMENT THROUGH PARTICIPATION

IN EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES, ONLINE PLATFORMS, AND CAMPUS EVENTS.

• SERVICE IMPROVEMENT: USING DATA TO ENHANCE STUDENT SERVICES SUCH AS DINING,

HOUSING, AND TRANSPORTATION.
 OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION IN DATA ANALYTICS

• ALUMNI RELATIONS AND FUNDRAISING

• ALUMNI TRACKING: ANALYZING ALUMNI DATA TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL DONORS

AND ENGAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES.

• CAMPAIGN EFFECTIVENESS: EVALUATING THE SUCCESS OF FUNDRAISING

CAMPAIGNS AND EVENTS.

• DONOR ANALYTICS: UNDERSTANDING DONOR BEHAVIOR AND PREFERENCES TO

TAILOR FUNDRAISING EFFORTS.
 OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION IN DATA ANALYTICS

• TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES

• LMS AND SIS INTEGRATION: ENSURING SEAMLESS DATA FLOW BETWEEN LEARNING
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (LMS) AND STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (SIS).
• DATA WAREHOUSING: CENTRALIZING DATA FROM VARIOUS SOURCES FOR COMPREHENSIVE
ANALYSIS.

• BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE (BI) TOOLS: USING BI TOOLS LIKE TABLEAU, POWER BI, AND
GOOGLE DATA STUDIO FOR DATA VISUALIZATION AND REPORTING.
• MACHINE LEARNING MODELS: IMPLEMENTING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR
PREDICTIVE AND PRESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICS.
 OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION IN DATA ANALYTICS

• STEPS TO IMPLEMENT DATA ANALYTICS FOR OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY

• DATA COLLECTION: GATHER DATA FROM VARIOUS SOURCES SUCH AS LMS,

SIS, FINANCIAL SYSTEMS, AND FEEDBACK FORMS.
• DATA INTEGRATION: INTEGRATE DATA FROM DIFFERENT SYSTEMS INTO A
CENTRALIZED DATA WAREHOUSE.

• DATA CLEANING: ENSURE DATA QUALITY BY CLEANING AND PREPROCESSING THE

DATA.
 OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION IN DATA ANALYTICS

• STEPS TO IMPLEMENT DATA ANALYTICS FOR OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY

• DATA ANALYSIS: USE STATISTICAL AND MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES TO ANALYZE THE
DATA.

• VISUALIZATION: CREATE DASHBOARDS AND REPORTS TO VISUALIZE KEY METRICS AND INSIGHTS.
• ACTIONABLE INSIGHTS: DERIVE ACTIONABLE INSIGHTS TO INFORM DECISION-MAKING AND
POLICY FORMULATION.

• CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT: REGULARLY REVIEW AND UPDATE DATA ANALYTICS PROCESSES TO

ADAPT TO CHANGING NEEDS AND TECHNOLOGIES.
EXAMPLE OF DATA ANALYTICS FOR OPERATIONAL
EFFICIENCY

• DEFINE OBJECTIVES

• OPTIMIZE COURSE SCHEDULING TO REDUCE CONFLICTS AND MAXIMIZE

CLASSROOM UTILIZATION.
EXAMPLE OF DATA ANALYTICS FOR OPERATIONAL
EFFICIENCY

• DATA COLLECTION : DATA SOURCES

• HISTORICAL ENROLLMENT DATA

• COURSE SCHEDULES
• CLASSROOM AVAILABILITY AND CAPACITY
• FACULTY SCHEDULES
• STUDENT FEEDBACK
EXAMPLE OF DATA ANALYTICS FOR OPERATIONAL
EFFICIENCY

• DATA INTEGRATION : CENTRALIZED DATABASE

• INTEGRATE DATA FROM THE LMS, SIS, AND ROOM BOOKING SYSTEMS INTO A
CENTRALIZED DATA WAREHOUSE.
EXAMPLE OF DATA ANALYTICS FOR OPERATIONAL
EFFICIENCY

• DATA CLEANING :

• REMOVE DUPLICATES: ENSURE THERE ARE NO DUPLICATE RECORDS.

• CORRECT INCONSISTENCIES: STANDARDIZE COURSE CODES, ROOM NAMES, AND
TIMES.

• HANDLE MISSING VALUES: FILL IN OR ADDRESS ANY MISSING DATA POINTS.

EXAMPLE OF DATA ANALYTICS FOR OPERATIONAL
EFFICIENCY

• DATA ANALYSIS :
• DESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICS: ANALYZE HISTORICAL DATA TO IDENTIFY TRENDS IN COURSE ENROLLMENTS, PEAK USAGE
TIMES FOR CLASSROOMS, AND COMMON SCHEDULING CONFLICTS.

• PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS: USE MACHINE LEARNING MODELS TO FORECAST FUTURE ENROLLMENT FOR EACH COURSE.
• MODEL: TRAIN A REGRESSION MODEL USING HISTORICAL ENROLLMENT DATA.
• OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS: APPLY OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS TO GENERATE AN OPTIMAL SCHEDULE.
• ALGORITHM: USE LINEAR PROGRAMMING OR OTHER OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES.
EXAMPLE OF DATA ANALYTICS FOR OPERATIONAL
EFFICIENCY

• VISUALIZATION :

• DASHBOARDS: CREATE DASHBOARDS TO VISUALIZE KEY METRICS AND INSIGHTS

.

• TOOLS: USE TABLEAU OR POWER BI.

• REPORTS: GENERATE REPORTS ON CLASSROOM UTILIZATION, SCHEDULING
CONFLICTS, AND PREDICTED ENROLLMENTS.
EXAMPLE OF DATA ANALYTICS FOR OPERATIONAL
EFFICIENCY

• ACTIONABLE INSIGHTS :

• SCHEDULE ADJUSTMENTS: ADJUST COURSE SCHEDULES BASED ON THE

OPTIMIZATION MODEL.

• CLASSROOM ALLOCATION: ALLOCATE CLASSROOMS BASED ON PREDICTED

ENROLLMENTS AND ROOM CAPACITIES.

• CONFLICT RESOLUTION: IDENTIFY AND RESOLVE SCHEDULING CONFLICTS BEFORE

FINALIZING THE SCHEDULE.
EXAMPLE OF DATA ANALYTICS FOR OPERATIONAL
EFFICIENCY

• IMPLEMENTATION :

• SCHEDULING SOFTWARE: UPDATE THE UNIVERSITY’S SCHEDULING SOFTWARE

WITH THE NEW OPTIMIZED SCHEDULE.

• COMMUNICATION: COMMUNICATE THE NEW SCHEDULES TO FACULTY AND

STUDENTS.
EXAMPLE OF DATA ANALYTICS FOR OPERATIONAL
EFFICIENCY

• MONITORING AND EVALUATION :

• FEEDBACK COLLECTION: COLLECT FEEDBACK FROM FACULTY AND STUDENTS ON

THE NEW SCHEDULE.

• CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT: CONTINUOUSLY MONITOR CLASSROOM UTILIZATION

AND ADJUST SCHEDULES AS NEEDED BASED ON REAL-TIME DATA.
EG : IMPLEMENT OPTIMIZATION OF COURSE SCHEDULING TO
REDUCE CONFLICTS AND MAXIMIZE CLASSROOM
UTILIZATION

• HTML: CREATE A FORM TO INPUT COURSES, CLASSROOMS, AND TIME SLOTS. CREATE AN
INDEX.HTML FILE. IT PROVIDES A FORM FOR INPUTTING COURSES, CLASSROOMS, AND TIME SLOTS. A BUTTON
TRIGGERS THE OPTIMIZATION PROCESS.

• CSS: STYLE THE FORM FOR BETTER APPEARANCE. CREATE A STYLES.CSS FILE. IT STYLES THE FORM
AND RESULT DISPLAY FOR BETTER APPEARANCE.

• JAVASCRIPT: HANDLE THE OPTIMIZATION USING GLPK.JS TO SOLVE THE LINEAR

PROGRAMMING PROBLEM. CREATE A SCRIPT.JS FILE. IT PARSES INPUT VALUES AND CONSTRUCTS THE
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM USING GLPK.JS. IT DEFINES VARIABLES, CONSTRAINTS, AND THE OBJECTIVE FUNCTION.
IT SOLVES THE PROBLEM AND DISPLAYS THE OPTIMAL SCHEDULE.
DATA ANALYTICS IN
ENTERTAINMENT

MODULE 3
PREPARED BY:
MS. PRATIBHA SAJWAN
 CONTENT RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM

• A CONTENT RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM USING DATA

ANALYTICS IN ENTERTAINMENT FOCUSES ON ENHANCING USER
ENGAGEMENT AND SATISFACTION BY SUGGESTING PERSONALIZED
CONTENT—MOVIES, SHOWS, MUSIC, OR GAMES—BASED ON USER
BEHAVIOR AND PREFERENCES.
•Overview of the explosion of digital content in entertainment platforms (e.g., Netflix, Spotify, YouTube,
etc.).
•Importance of delivering the right content to the right user.
•Role of data analytics and AI/ML in recommendation systems.
• TO BUILD A RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM THAT SUGGESTS PERSONALIZED ENTERTAINMENT CONTENT
USING DATA ANALYTICS TECHNIQUES.

• TO ANALYZE USER BEHAVIOR AND PREFERENCES FOR IMPROVING CONTENT DISCOVERY.

• TO ENHANCE USER ENGAGEMENT AND RETENTION ON ENTERTAINMENT PLATFORMS.
•Content-Based Filtering: Recommends similar content based on user preferences (e.g., genre,
director).
•Collaborative Filtering: Suggests content based on similar users’ behavior.
•Hybrid Models: Combines both for better accuracy.
•Context-Aware Systems: Considers external factors (time, location, device).
•User interaction data: Watch history, search queries, clicks, likes/dislikes.
•Metadata: Genre, artist, actors, length, release year.
•Demographic data: Age, gender, region (if ethically collected and anonymized).
•Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA): To find patterns in user behavior.
•Machine Learning Models: Decision Trees, KNN, Matrix Factorization, Deep Learning.
•Clustering: For user segmentation.
•Natural Language Processing (NLP): To analyze reviews, captions, or subtitles.
•Data Pipeline: Ingestion → Cleaning → Storage
•Model Training: ML/AI-based recommendation engine
•Deployment: API integration with user interface (app or website)
•Feedback Loop: Updates based on user interaction with recommendations
• PRECISION/RECALL: ACCURACY OF RECOMMENDATIONS.
• F1 SCORE
• ROOT MEAN SQUARE ERROR (RMSE)
• USER ENGAGEMENT METRICS: TIME SPENT, CLICK-THROUGH RATE, CONTENT COMPLETION RATE.
• OTT PLATFORMS: NETFLIX, PRIME VIDEO FOR PERSONALIZED WATCHLISTS.
• MUSIC STREAMING: SPOTIFY, YOUTUBE MUSIC MOOD-BASED PLAYLIST SUGGESTIONS.
• GAMING PLATFORMS: GAME RECOMMENDATIONS ON STEAM, XBOX LIVE.
• SOCIAL MEDIA: TIKTOK, INSTAGRAM VIDEO REELS OR SONG CLIPS.
• OLD START PROBLEM: NEW USERS/CONTENT HAVE NO DATA.
• SCALABILITY: PROCESSING MILLIONS OF USERS AND CONTENT ITEMS.
• PRIVACY AND ETHICS: ENSURING DATA IS ANONYMIZED AND SECURE.
• BIAS AND FILTER BUBBLES: AVOIDING REPEATED SUGGESTIONS THAT LIMIT DISCOVERY.
•Integration with emotion detection or wearable sensors for mood-based recommendations.
•Real-time recommendation using streaming data (Apache Kafka, Spark).
•Cross-platform recommendations combining TV, music, games, and books.
BIG DATA IN ENTERTAINMENT DECISION MAKING

• BIG DATA IN ENTERTAINMENT DECISION-MAKING INVOLVES USING LARGE VOLUMES OF

DIVERSE DATA TO INFORM STRATEGIC AND OPERATIONAL DECISIONS.

• THIS DATA CAN COME FROM VARIOUS SOURCES LIKE SOCIAL MEDIA, STREAMING
SERVICES, BOX OFFICE SALES, AND VIEWER RATINGS.

• THE GOAL IS TO UNDERSTAND AUDIENCE PREFERENCES, OPTIMIZE CONTENT CREATION,

AND ENHANCE MARKETING STRATEGIES..
BIG DATA IN ENTERTAINMENT DECISION MAKING

• DATA SOURCES: SOCIAL MEDIA, STREAMING PLATFORMS, ONLINE REVIEWS, BOX OFFICE RECEIPTS,
TICKET SALES, AND AUDIENCE DEMOGRAPHICS.

• ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: SENTIMENT ANALYSIS, PREDICTIVE MODELING, TREND ANALYSIS, AND

CLUSTERING.

• APPLICATIONS: CONTENT RECOMMENDATION SYSTEMS, TARGETED ADVERTISING, RELEASE STRATEGIES,

AND AUDIENCE ENGAGEMENT.
BIG DATA IN ENTERTAINMENT DECISION MAKING

• STREAMING SERVICES LIKE NETFLIX USE BIG DATA TO ANALYZE VIEWING PATTERNS AND PREFERENCES.

• THEY TRACK WHAT SHOWS ARE WATCHED, WHEN, AND FOR HOW LONG, AND USE THIS DATA TO
RECOMMEND CONTENT, DECIDE ON RENEWALS OR CANCELLATIONS, AND PLAN NEW PRODUCTIONS.
IMPACT OF DATA ANALYTICS IN ENTERTAINMENT

• DATA ANALYTICS HAS TRANSFORMED THE ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY BY ENABLING MORE INFORMED
DECISION-MAKING, ENHANCING USER EXPERIENCES, AND OPTIMIZING OPERATIONS.

• THE IMPACT IS EVIDENT IN AREAS SUCH AS CONTENT CREATION, MARKETING, AUDIENCE ENGAGEMENT,
AND REVENUE GENERATION.
IMPACT OF DATA ANALYTICS IN ENTERTAINMENT

• CONTENT CREATION: DATA ANALYTICS HELPS CREATORS UNDERSTAND WHAT TYPES OF CONTENT
RESONATE WITH AUDIENCES, LEADING TO MORE SUCCESSFUL PRODUCTIONS.

• MARKETING: TARGETED ADVERTISING AND PERSONALIZED MARKETING CAMPAIGNS ARE DRIVEN BY

DATA INSIGHTS, INCREASING EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS.

• AUDIENCE ENGAGEMENT: ANALYTICS HELPS IN UNDERSTANDING AUDIENCE BEHAVIOR, LEADING TO

MORE ENGAGING AND INTERACTIVE CONTENT.

• OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY: DATA ANALYTICS STREAMLINES PRODUCTION SCHEDULES, OPTIMIZES

RESOURCE ALLOCATION, AND REDUCES COSTS.
IMPACT OF DATA ANALYTICS IN ENTERTAINMENT

• DATA ANALYTICS WAS USED TO DETERMINE THE POPULARITY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONTENT DURING
DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE YEAR, LEADING TO STRATEGIC SCHEDULING OF NEW RELEASES TO MAXIMIZE
VIEWERSHIP.
EXISTING TOOLS AND SYSTEMS USED FOR DATA
ANALYTICS IN ENTERTAINMENT

• VARIOUS TOOLS AND SYSTEMS ARE EMPLOYED IN THE ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY TO GATHER,
PROCESS, AND ANALYZE DATA.

• THESE TOOLS RANGE FROM DATA MANAGEMENT PLATFORMS TO ADVANCED ANALYTICS AND
VISUALIZATION TOOLS.
EXISTING TOOLS AND SYSTEMS USED FOR DATA
ANALYTICS IN ENTERTAINMENT

• APACHE HADOOP: FOR PROCESSING LARGE DATA SETS ACROSS DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
ENVIRONMENTS.

• TABLEAU: FOR DATA VISUALIZATION AND CREATING INTERACTIVE DASHBOARDS.

• GOOGLE ANALYTICS: FOR TRACKING AND ANALYZING WEBSITE AND APP TRAFFIC.

• R AND PYTHON: FOR STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND DATA MODELING.

• NETFLIX’S RECOMMENDATION ENGINE: USES COLLABORATIVE FILTERING AND OTHER ALGORITHMS TO

SUGGEST CONTENT TO USERS BASED ON THEIR VIEWING HISTORY.
EXISTING TOOLS AND SYSTEMS USED FOR DATA
ANALYTICS IN ENTERTAINMENT

• TABLEAU CAN BE USED BY A MOVIE STUDIO TO CREATE DASHBOARDS THAT VISUALIZE BOX OFFICE
PERFORMANCE, AUDIENCE DEMOGRAPHICS, AND SOCIAL MEDIA SENTIMENT, HELPING EXECUTIVES MAKE
DATA-DRIVEN DECISIONS.
• DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS MEANS COLLECTING AND EXAMINING FACTORS, SUCH AS AGE, GENDER
IDENTIFICATION, LOCATION, EDUCATION, AND INCOME. THIS IS USUALLY THE FIRST AND EASIEST STEP
IN ANALYZING YOUR CUSTOMER BASE AND HELPS REVEAL RELEVANT ISSUES AND A RELATABLE STYLE.
• HTTPS://WWW.SEMRUSH.COM/BLOG/SOCIAL-MEDIA-ANALYTICS-TOOLS/

• HTTP://VARIANCEEXPLAINED.ORG/R/TRUMP-TWEETS/
WHY USE SOCIAL MEDIA ANALYTICS TOOLS?
• 1. CUSTOMER FEEDBACK ANALYSIS – AMAZON & FLIPKART
• ANALYZING CUSTOMER REVIEWS TO DETERMINE SATISFACTION LEVELS WITH PRODUCTS.
• HELPS IN RECOMMENDING SIMILAR PRODUCTS OR IMPROVING EXISTING ONES.
• SOCIAL MEDIA MONITORING – TWITTER/X & FACEBOOK
• COMPANIES MONITOR BRAND MENTIONS TO UNDERSTAND PUBLIC OPINION DURING PRODUCT LAUNCHES
OR PR EVENTS.

• EXAMPLE: COCA-COLA ANALYZES TWEETS FOR CAMPAIGNS LIKE #SHAREACOKE.

• MOVIE REVIEW ANALYSIS – IMDB & NETFLIX
• SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF USER REVIEWS TO RECOMMEND MOVIES OR PREDICT BOX OFFICE SUCCESS.
• NETFLIX USES THIS TO REFINE ITS RECOMMENDATION ENGINE.
• POLITICAL SENTIMENT ANALYSIS – ELECTION CAMPAIGNS
• TOOLS LIKE CRIMSON HEXAGON ANALYZE PUBLIC SENTIMENT AROUND POLITICAL CANDIDATES AND
ISSUES.

• USED DURING US PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS TO SHAPE CAMPAIGN STRATEGIES.

• FINANCIAL MARKET SENTIMENT – STOCK MARKET PREDICTION
• PLATFORMS LIKE BLOOMBERG USE SENTIMENT FROM NEWS AND SOCIAL MEDIA TO ASSESS INVESTOR
MOOD.

• HELPS IN RISK ASSESSMENT AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT.

• HEALTHCARE FEEDBACK SYSTEMS
• HOSPITALS ANALYZE PATIENT REVIEWS FOR SERVICE IMPROVEMENT.
• SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF ONLINE FEEDBACK HELPS IDENTIFY AREAS OF CONCERN (E.G., WAIT TIMES,
STAFF BEHAVIOR).
• TRAVEL & HOSPITALITY – TRIPADVISOR & AIRBNB
• ANALYZING SENTIMENT IN REVIEWS HELPS IDENTIFY TOP-PERFORMING PROPERTIES OR SERVICE ISSUES.
• BUSINESSES USE THIS FOR QUALITY CONTROL AND CUSTOMER RETENTION.
TECHNOLOGIES USED

•GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks): Generate highly realistic images, videos, and art.
•Transformers (e.g., GPT, BERT): Generate text content, translate languages, write scripts.
•VAEs (Variational Autoencoders): Used in image generation and compression.
•RNNs and LSTMs: For generating sequences like music and speech.
 EXAMPLES BY CONTENT TYPE
Content Type Deep Learning Application Examples

Natural Language Generation (NLG), ChatGPT, Jasper.ai, novel or article

Text
Transformers generation

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), DALL·E, StyleGAN – create art, product

Image
CNNs design

Video Deepfake, Video Synthesis Models Synthesia – AI avatars, virtual news anchors

Jukebox by OpenAI – generate music;

Audio RNNs, WaveNet, GANs for audio
text-to-speech tools

Language models trained on programming

Code GitHub Copilot – write code automatically
data
LATEST THREATS OF AI IN CONTENT CREATION
ANY QUERY?????
 DATA ANALYTICS IN
EDUCATION, ENTERTAINMENT
& HOSPITALITY

MODULE 4
PREPARED BY:
MS. PRATIBHA SAJWAN
 SEGMENTATION

• SEGMENTATION REFERS TO DIVIDING A DATASET OR IMAGE INTO MEANINGFUL REGIONS OR SEGMENTS.

• IN ANALYTICS, THIS HELPS IDENTIFY PATTERNS OR STRUCTURES (E.G., SEGMENTING STUDENTS INTO
PERFORMANCE GROUPS).
 THRESHOLDING

• GLOBAL THRESHOLDING: A FIXED THRESHOLD VALUE IS APPLIED TO CONVERT DATA INTO BINARY (0
OR 1).

• ADAPTIVE THRESHOLDING: DIFFERENT THRESHOLDS ARE USED FOR DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE DATASET
OR IMAGE.

• OTSU’S METHOD: FINDS THE OPTIMAL THRESHOLD VALUE BY MINIMIZING INTRA-CLASS VARIANCE
(COMMONLY USED FOR GRAYSCALE IMAGES).
 EXAMPLE USE CASES

• EDUCATION: CLASSIFYING STUDENTS AS PASS/FAIL BASED ON MARKS.

• ENTERTAINMENT: THRESHOLD-BASED COLOR DETECTION IN MOVIE POSTERS.

• HOSPITALITY: IDENTIFYING CUSTOMER SENTIMENT IN REVIEWS AS POSITIVE/NEGATIVE.

 CONNECTED COMPONENT LABELING (CCL)

• A METHOD USED TO IDENTIFY AND LABEL CONNECTED REGIONS IN BINARY DATA (LIKE GROUPING
PIXELS OF THE SAME COLOR).

• APPLIED TO OBJECT DETECTION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION.

 HIERARCHICAL SEGMENTATION

• AGGLOMERATIVE: START WITH INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS AND GROUP THEM STEP-BY-STEP (BOTTOM-UP
APPROACH).

• DIVISIVE: START WITH THE ENTIRE DATASET AND SPLIT IT RECURSIVELY (TOP-DOWN APPROACH).

• PRODUCES A DENDROGRAM, SHOWING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLUSTERS.

 EXAMPLE USE CASES

• EDUCATION: GROUPING SIMILAR STUDENT BEHAVIORS IN LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS.

• ENTERTAINMENT: IDENTIFYING OBJECTS IN GAMING SCENES.

• HOSPITALITY: DETECTING PATTERNS IN ROOM BOOKINGS BASED ON SEASONS.

 SPATIAL CLUSTERING

• DIVIDES DATA POINTS INTO CLUSTERS BASED ON PROXIMITY.

• K-MEANS CLUSTERING: PARTITIONS DATA INTO K CLUSTERS BASED ON CENTROIDS.

• DBSCAN (DENSITY-BASED SPATIAL CLUSTERING): FORMS CLUSTERS BASED ON DENSE REGIONS

AND CAN DETECT OUTLIERS.
 RULE-BASED SEGMENTATION

• USES IF-ELSE RULES TO SEGMENT DATA BASED ON SPECIFIC CONDITIONS (E.G., AGE > 25 AND SALARY
< 50K).
 EXAMPLE USE CASES

• EDUCATION: CLUSTERING STUDENTS BY LEARNING PACE.

• ENTERTAINMENT: SEGMENTING VIEWERS BASED ON THEIR WATCH HISTORY.

• HOSPITALITY: IDENTIFYING VIP CUSTOMERS BASED ON BOOKING FREQUENCY AND FEEDBACK.

 SPLIT AND MERGE SEGMENTATION

• DIVIDES (SPLITS) DATA OR AN IMAGE INTO REGIONS RECURSIVELY AND THEN MERGES SIMILAR
REGIONS.

• COMMONLY USED IN IMAGE ANALYSIS WHERE REGIONS WITH SIMILAR PROPERTIES ARE GROUPED
TOGETHER.
 MOTION-BASED SEGMENTATION

• SEGMENTS MOVING OBJECTS IN A VIDEO BY DETECTING CHANGES BETWEEN FRAMES.

• BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION: SEPARATES FOREGROUND (MOVING OBJECTS) FROM THE BACKGROUND.

 EXAMPLE USE CASES

• EDUCATION: DETECTING STUDENT GESTURES IN ONLINE CLASSROOMS.

• ENTERTAINMENT: ANALYZING PLAYER MOVEMENT IN SPORTS BROADCASTS.

• HOSPITALITY: TRACKING GUEST MOVEMENTS FOR PERSONALIZED SERVICES.

 EDGE DETECTION

• IDENTIFIES BOUNDARIES WITHIN DATA OR IMAGES WHERE VALUES CHANGE SHARPLY.

• CANNY EDGE DETECTION: MULTI-STEP PROCESS TO DETECT EDGES WITH NOISE FILTERING.

• SOBEL FILTER: DETECTS EDGES BY CALCULATING GRADIENTS IN THE X AND Y DIRECTIONS.

 LINE DETECTION

• HOUGH TRANSFORM: DETECTS STRAIGHT LINES BY MAPPING THEM INTO POLAR COORDINATES.

• HELPS IDENTIFY PATTERNS SUCH AS ROADS, WALLS, OR PATHS IN A DATASET.

 EXAMPLE USE CASES

• EDUCATION: EDGE DETECTION IN SCANNED EXAM PAPERS TO EXTRACT DIAGRAMS.

• ENTERTAINMENT: DETECTING SCENE CHANGES IN MOVIES OR SHOWS.

• HOSPITALITY: RECOGNIZING LAYOUT DESIGNS IN BLUEPRINTS OF HOTELS AND RESORTS.

 DEEP LEARNING FOR SEGMENTATION

• USES NEURAL NETWORKS TO AUTOMATICALLY DETECT AND SEGMENT COMPLEX PATTERNS IN IMAGES
OR VIDEOS.

• CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS (CNNS): EXTRACT FEATURES FOR SEGMENTATION TASKS.

• U-NET ARCHITECTURE: USED IN MEDICAL IMAGING, SEGMENTS OBJECTS PRECISELY.

• MASK R-CNN: DETECTS OBJECTS AND CREATES PIXEL-WISE MASKS FOR EACH OBJECT.
 EXAMPLE USE CASES

• EDUCATION: SEGMENTING HANDWRITTEN TEXT FOR EVALUATION (OCR).

• ENTERTAINMENT: IDENTIFYING ACTORS IN SCENES USING FACIAL SEGMENTATION.

• HOSPITALITY: DETECTING OBJECTS (E.G., BEDS OR FURNITURE) IN ROOM IMAGES FOR INVENTORY
MANAGEMENT.
 REVENUE PER AVAILABLE ROOM (REVPAR)

• REVPAR MEASURES THE AVERAGE REVENUE GENERATED FROM ALL AVAILABLE ROOMS, WHETHER
OCCUPIED OR NOT.

• IT REFLECTS BOTH OCCUPANCY RATE AND ROOM PRICING, MAKING IT A CRITICAL METRIC TO ASSESS
THE OVERALL FINANCIAL HEALTH OF A HOTEL.

• REVPAR=AVAILABLE ROOMS / TOTAL ROOM REVENUE OR

• REVPAR=AVERAGE DAILY RATE (ADR)×OCCUPANCY RATE
 DATA ANALYTICS IN
EDUCATION, ENTERTAINMENT
& HOSPITALITY

MODULE 5
PREPARED BY:
MS. PRATIBHA SAJWAN
 BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE AND ITS FORMATION

• BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE (BI) REFERS TO THE PROCESSES AND TOOLS USED TO ANALYZE DATA AND
PRESENT ACTIONABLE INSIGHTS FOR DECISION-MAKING.

• BI IS FORMED BY GATHERING, PROCESSING, AND ANALYZING RELEVANT DATA, OFTEN FROM

MULTIPLE SOURCES, TO GENERATE REPORTS, DASHBOARDS, AND FORECASTS.

• STEPS IN BI FORMATION:
• DATA COLLECTION: FROM INTERNAL (PMS, CRM) AND EXTERNAL SOURCES (MARKET TRENDS).
• DATA CLEANING & INTEGRATION: REMOVING INCONSISTENCIES AND MERGING DATASETS.
• DATA ANALYSIS: APPLYING STATISTICAL AND PREDICTIVE TECHNIQUES TO EXTRACT INSIGHTS.
• REPORT GENERATION & VISUALIZATION: PRESENTING INSIGHTS USING DASHBOARDS AND REPORTS.
 EXAMPLE USE CASES

• A HOTEL CHAIN COLLECTS BOOKING DATA FROM MULTIPLE PROPERTIES, INTEGRATES IT INTO A
CENTRALIZED SYSTEM, AND CREATES DASHBOARDS TO VISUALIZE REVENUE TRENDS, SEASONAL
BOOKING PATTERNS, AND GUEST PREFERENCES. THIS ALLOWS MANAGEMENT TO ADJUST ROOM
PRICES DYNAMICALLY AND OPTIMIZE MARKETING STRATEGIES.
 IMPACT OF DATA ANALYTICS ON BUSINESS
INTELLIGENCE

• IMPROVED DECISION-MAKING: DATA ANALYTICS PROVIDES DEEPER INSIGHTS, MAKING BI MORE

ACCURATE AND PREDICTIVE.

• FASTER REPORTING: AUTOMATED ANALYTICS TOOLS ENHANCE THE SPEED OF BI, REDUCING
DEPENDENCY ON MANUAL DATA HANDLING.

• PERSONALIZATION: ANALYTICS ALLOWS BI TO PROVIDE CUSTOMIZED INSIGHTS TAILORED TO

SPECIFIC DEPARTMENTS OR ROLES (E.G., FINANCE, MARKETING).

• PREDICTIVE INSIGHTS: ADVANCED ANALYTICS TECHNIQUES SUCH AS MACHINE LEARNING ENHANCE

BI WITH FORECASTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
 EXAMPLE USE CASES

• IN EDUCATION, PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS HELPS A UNIVERSITY ANALYZE STUDENTS' PAST

PERFORMANCE AND ATTENDANCE TO PREDICT AT-RISK STUDENTS. THE BI SYSTEM GENERATES
AUTOMATED ALERTS AND REPORTS, PROMPTING COUNSELORS TO INTERVENE EARLY, IMPROVING
GRADUATION RATES.
KEY COMPONENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL BI STRATEGY

• CLEAR OBJECTIVES: DEFINE GOALS SUCH AS REVENUE OPTIMIZATION, CUSTOMER RETENTION, OR

OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY.

• DATA GOVERNANCE: ENSURE DATA QUALITY, SECURITY, AND COMPLIANCE.

• USER ADOPTION: TRAIN STAKEHOLDERS TO USE BI TOOLS EFFECTIVELY.
• SCALABLE INFRASTRUCTURE: USE CLOUD PLATFORMS AND TOOLS THAT GROW WITH BUSINESS
NEEDS (E.G., POWER BI, TABLEAU).

• PERFORMANCE MONITORING: CONTINUOUSLY MEASURE AND IMPROVE THE BI SYSTEM THROUGH

KPIS.
 EXAMPLE USE CASES

• A RETAIL CHAIN IMPLEMENTS A BI STRATEGY BY DEFINING THE GOAL OF INCREASING CUSTOMER

RETENTION BY 10%. IT ENSURES CLEAN DATA FROM THE CRM, USES DATA GOVERNANCE POLICIES
FOR SECURITY, AND TRAINS MANAGERS ON USING POWER BI DASHBOARDS TO MONITOR CUSTOMER
ENGAGEMENT.
UNDERSTANDING DATA SOURCE AND COLLECTION
METHODS

• CLEAR DATA SOURCES:

• INTERNAL: CRM, ERP, TRANSACTION LOGS, EMPLOYEE DATA.
• EXTERNAL: MARKET RESEARCH REPORTS, SOCIAL MEDIA, IOT SENSORS, PUBLIC DATASETS.
• COLLECTION METHODS:
• MANUAL ENTRY: SURVEYS, FORMS, FEEDBACK.
• AUTOMATED SYSTEMS: APIS, IOT DEVICES, WEB SCRAPING, AND TRANSACTION RECORDS.
 EXAMPLE USE CASES

• A RESTAURANT COLLECTS DATA THROUGH ITS POINT-OF-SALE (POS) SYSTEM, CAPTURING DETAILS
LIKE ORDER HISTORY, PEAK HOURS, AND POPULAR MENU ITEMS. IT ALSO GATHERS CUSTOMER
FEEDBACK THROUGH ONLINE REVIEWS, HELPING IDENTIFY AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT.
DATA VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION

• DATA VISUALIZATION HELPS CONVERT RAW DATA INTO MEANINGFUL VISUALS FOR EASIER
UNDERSTANDING AND DECISION-MAKING.

• COMMON TECHNIQUES:
• BAR CHARTS & LINE GRAPHS: FOR TREND ANALYSIS.
• HEAT MAPS: FOR COMPARING METRICS ACROSS MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS.
• PIE CHARTS: FOR SHOWING PROPORTIONS.
• DASHBOARDS: INTERACTIVE DASHBOARDS PROVIDE REAL-TIME DATA INSIGHTS.
• TOOLS: TABLEAU, POWER BI, GOOGLE DATA STUDIO.
 EXAMPLE USE CASES

• A THEME PARK USES A DASHBOARD WITH HEATMAPS TO VISUALIZE VISITOR DENSITY ACROSS
DIFFERENT ATTRACTIONS. THE PARK MANAGEMENT USES THESE INSIGHTS TO ADJUST STAFF
ALLOCATIONS AND REDUCE WAIT TIMES AT POPULAR RIDES.
CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING A BI PROGRAM

• DATA VISUALIZATION HELPS CONVERT RAW DATA INTO MEANINGFUL VISUALS FOR EASIER
UNDERSTANDING AND DECISION-MAKING.

• DATA QUALITY ISSUES: POOR OR INCOMPLETE DATA CAN LEAD TO INACCURATE INSIGHTS.
• INTEGRATION PROBLEMS: COMBINING DATA FROM DIFFERENT SYSTEMS IS COMPLEX.
• USER RESISTANCE: EMPLOYEES MAY RESIST USING NEW BI TOOLS WITHOUT PROPER TRAINING.
• HIGH COSTS: INITIAL SETUP AND LICENSING FOR BI TOOLS CAN BE EXPENSIVE.
• SECURITY RISKS: DATA LEAKS AND BREACHES ARE POTENTIAL CONCERNS IF GOVERNANCE ISN’T
STRONG.
 EXAMPLE USE CASES

• A HOSPITAL FACES INTEGRATION CHALLENGES WHEN MERGING PATIENT RECORDS FROM DIFFERENT
DEPARTMENTS INTO A SINGLE BI SYSTEM. THIS REQUIRES ADDITIONAL EFFORT IN DATA CLEANING
AND MAPPING TO ENSURE SMOOTH OPERATIONS AND REPORTING.
 DATA GOVERNANCE AND SECURITY

• DATA GOVERNANCE: REFERS TO THE MANAGEMENT OF DATA AVAILABILITY, USABILITY, AND

INTEGRITY. IT ENSURES DATA QUALITY AND COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATIONS (LIKE GDPR).

• SECURITY: INCLUDES ENCRYPTION, ACCESS CONTROL, AND AUDITING TO PREVENT UNAUTHORIZED

ACCESS OR MISUSE OF DATA.
 EXAMPLE USE CASES

• A BANK IMPLEMENTS A DATA GOVERNANCE POLICY TO ENSURE CUSTOMER DATA IS ENCRYPTED AND
ONLY ACCESSIBLE TO AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL. REGULAR AUDITS AND COMPLIANCE CHECKS ENSURE
THAT THE BANK FOLLOWS REGULATIONS LIKE GDPR.
 FUTURE OF DATA ANALYTICS AND BUSINESS
INTELLIGENCE

• AI-DRIVEN BI: FUTURE BI SYSTEMS WILL BE MORE PREDICTIVE AND PRESCRIPTIVE, LEVERAGING
AI AND MACHINE LEARNING.
• REAL-TIME ANALYTICS: BI WILL INCREASINGLY OFFER REAL-TIME INSIGHTS TO RESPOND TO
DYNAMIC MARKET CONDITIONS.

• NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP): USERS WILL INTERACT WITH BI TOOLS USING VOICE
COMMANDS OR NATURAL LANGUAGE QUERIES.

• SELF-SERVICE BI: BUSINESS USERS WILL GAIN THE ABILITY TO CREATE THEIR OWN REPORTS AND
DASHBOARDS WITHOUT TECHNICAL EXPERTISE.

• EDGE ANALYTICS: DATA ANALYSIS WILL SHIFT CLOSER TO THE DATA SOURCE (E.G., IOT DEVICES),
REDUCING LATENCY AND ENHANCING EFFICIENCY.
 EXAMPLE USE CASES

• A SMART HOTEL USES AI-DRIVEN BI TO OFFER PERSONALIZED GUEST EXPERIENCES. IF A GUEST

PREFERS ROOM SERVICE BREAKFAST, THE AI SYSTEM RECOMMENDS SIMILAR SERVICES DURING
THEIR NEXT VISIT, ENHANCING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND LOYALTY.