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GraphAcademy Neo4j Certified Professional

You answered 80 of 80 questions correctly, giving you a total score of 100%.

You can review your answers and gather feedback below.

General 12 of 12 100%

Properties
What statement best describes properties in Neo4j?

Properties are the key-value pairs used for nodes and relationships.

Properties are the key-value pairs used exclusively for nodes.

Properties are the key-value pairs used exclusively for relationships.

None of the above.

Feedback

Properties are the key-value pairs used for nodes and relationships.

Graph vs RDBMS
Which of the following is a benefit of using a graph database over a relational
database?
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Enhanced storage capacity for large binary files

To perform fast and complex traversals of highly interconnected data

Simplified handling of unstructured text data

Better compatibility with legacy SQL applications

Feedback

Graph databases like Neo4j are optimized for querying and traversing complex and
interconnected relationships, offering significantly better performance compared
to relational databases for such tasks.

The Seven Bridges problem

True or False - It is possible to visit each landmass in the city of Königsberg while
crossing each of the seven bridges only once.

The Seven Bridges of Königsberg

True

False

Feedback

Using Graph Theory, Leonhard Euler was able to definitively demonstrate that it
was not possible to visit each landmass in the city of Königsberg while crossing
each of the seven bridges only once.
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Reference: The Seven Bridges

Which of the following elements make up a property graph?

Select all of the options that apply

Collections

Foreign keys

Nodes

Labels

Relationships

Properties

Rows

Feedback

These key elements of a Neo4j property graph are Nodes and Relationships.
Nodes and relationships hold Properties.

Nodes are grouped by their Labels and relationships are grouped by their type.

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Relationships
True or false, a relationship can start and end at the same node.

True

False

Feedback

The answer is True.

What is Neo4j?
What type of database is Neo4j?

Key-value store.

Document database.

Graph database.

Relational database.

Semantic database.

Feedback

Correct. Neo4j is a Graph Database.

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You can learn more in Neo4j Fundamentals.

Cypher
What statement best describes Cypher, Neo4j’s graph query language?

It’s an SQL plugin for Neo4j.

It is a regular expression-like programming language for interfacing with Neo4j.

It is a declarative query language designed for graph pattern matching and

traversals.

It is a procedural programming language for interfacing with Neo4j.

Feedback

Correct. Cypher is a declarative query language designed for graph pattern

matching and traversals.

You can learn more in Cypher Fundamentals.

ACID
True or False - Neo4j supports ACID transactions.

True

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False

Indexes
True or False - Neo4j uses indexes to store relationships between nodes.

True

False

Feedback

Neo4j does not use indexes to store relationships between nodes.

Protocols
What protocol do the official Neo4j drivers use to access the Neo4j database?

Bolt

TLS

RMI

NFJ

Feedback
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Drivers connect to Neo4j using the Bolt protocol.

Index-free Adjacency
What statement best describes index-free adjacency for a Neo4j database?

Nodes and their relationships are stored as pointers so that access is very fast
without the need for an index to traverse nodes.

You never have to add indexes to a Neo4j database to perform faster queries.

Each relationship is stored as a table where nodes related to each are stored in the
same table.

Each group of nodes is stored as a table where the relationships are mapped to
nodes in the same group.

Feedback

Index-free adjacency means that the query engine uses pointers to traverse paths
(nodes connected by relationships) in the graph, which makes queries across
relationships performant.

Query caching
To take advantage of the Query cache, what should you do?

Select all of the appropriate answers.

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Use parameters in your queries.

Use literals in your queries.

Ensure the casing of keywords and parameters is followed identically in queries.

Define an ID for query reuse.

Cypher 32 of 32 100%

Deleting nodes
How can you delete a specific node in Neo4j using Cypher?

Use the MATCH clause to find the node and then DELETE it

Use the DELETE clause with the pattern you want to delete

Use the MERGE clause to delete the node

There is no way to delete a specific node in Neo4j

Feedback

To delete a specific node in Neo4j, you can use the MATCH clause to find the node
and then DELETE it. For more information, refer to the lesson at:

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https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/cypher-fundamentals/2-writing/9-
delete/

Filtering results
Which of the following Cypher statements will find people who acted in the movie Toy
Story?

Select all of the options that apply.

MATCH people → acted in → movie(toy story)

MATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]→(m:Movie) WHERE m.title = 'Toy Story' RETURN p

MATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]→(m:Movie {title: 'Toy Story'}) RETURN p

SELECT path= (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]→(m:Movie {title: 'Toy Story'}) RETURN path

Feedback

The last three options are valid Cyher statements. The first two return the
(:Person) node ( p ), while the third returns a Path ; an object consisting of a list

of Relationships .

Property existence
How can you ensure that a property exists in a Cypher query?

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Use the 'IS NULL' operator

Use the 'IS NOT NULL' operator

Use the 'EXISTS' function

Use the 'NOT EXISTS' function

Feedback

You can ensure that a Movie node has a 'tagline' property by using the 'IS NOT
NULL' operator in a Cypher query. This filters out Movie nodes that do not have a
'tagline' property. Source: https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/cypher-
fundamentals/1-reading/6-filtering-queries/

The MATCH clause

Which of the following statements best describes the pattern described in this MATCH
clause?

MATCH (p:Person)-[r]->(m:Movie)

It finds nodes with the label Person with an outgoing relationship to a Movie node.

It finds nodes with the label Movie with an outgoing relationship to a Person node.

It finds nodes with the label Person with a relationship in any direction.

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It is an invalid MATCH clause.

Feedback

Cypher is a declarative language that allows you to identify patterns in your data
using an ASCII-art-style syntax consisting of parentheses, dashes and arrows.

The parentheses represent nodes.

You can learn more in Cypher Fundamentals.

Find or create
Update the following Cypher statement to find or create a node in the database.

/*select:MERGE'*/ (m:Movie {title: 'Toy Story'})

RETURN m

INSERT

MATCH OR CREATE

MERGE

UPSERT

Feedback

If Neo4j cannot find a node when using the MERGE statement, it creates a new
node with the specified properties.
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Reference: https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/cypher-fundamentals/2-
writing/7-merge-processing/

Duplicate rows
How can you eliminate duplicate rows in the results of a Cypher query?

Using the DISTINCT keyword

Using the UNIQUE keyword

Using the REMOVE DUPLICATES function

Using the DELETE clause

Feedback

The DISTINCT keyword eliminates duplicate rows in the results. Source:

https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/cypher-intermediate-queries/2-
controlling-results/05-limiting/

Optional Matches
How can optional matches be useful in a Neo4j query?

Optional matches allow you to specify patterns that may or may not exist in the
graph.

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Optional matches are only used for nodes that have a specific property.

Optional matches force a pattern to exist in the graph, otherwise the query will
return an error.

Optional matches are not supported in Neo4j queries.

Feedback

Optional matches allow you to specify patterns that may or may not exist in the
graph, ensuring flexibility in query results. See more at:
https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/cypher-intermediate-queries/1-
filtering-queries/13-multiple-match/

Parentheses in Cypher
In the following Cypher statement, what do the parentheses represent?

MATCH p = ()-->() RETURN p

Nodes

Relationships

Label

Tables

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Feedback

Cypher is a declarative language that allows you to identify patterns in your data
using an ASCII-art-style syntax consisting of parentheses, dashes and arrows.

The parentheses represent nodes.

Relationships in Cypher
In the following MATCH clause, which of the elements represents the relationship
between two nodes?

MATCH (a)-[b]->(c)

(a)

(a)-

-[b]→

(c)

→(c)

Feedback

Relationships are drawn with two dashes, plus greater than or less than arrows to
denote the direction and square brackets to enclose information about the
relationship.

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Learn more in Cypher Fundamentals.

The MERGE clause

Which of the following best describes the behavior of MERGE in Neo4j?

It always creates new nodes and relationships.

It matches existing patterns or creates new ones if they do not exist.

It only updates existing nodes and relationships.

It deletes existing nodes and relationships before creating new ones.

Feedback

Correct! MERGE will match existing patterns or create new ones if they do not exist.
Source: https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/cypher-fundamentals/2-
writing/7-merge-processing/

MERGE statements
How do you ensure that the same relationship is not created twice between two nodes?

Use the DISTINCT keyword when creating the relationship.

Use the UNIQUE keyword when creating the relationship.

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Use the ONLY keyword when creating the relationship.

Use the MERGE keyword when creating the relationship.

Feedback

The MERGE command will find or create a pattern in the database.

Behaviour of the MERGE command

Say you open up a new database and run the following Cypher command to create a
new (:Movie) node.

CREATE (:Movie {title: "Barbie"})

Then, you run the following MERGE Cypher statement.

MERGE (p:Person {name: "Margot Robbie"})-[:ACTED_IN]-(m:Movie {title: "Barb

 

How many nodes will exist in your database?

None, you need to create a schema first

Two nodes, one (:Movie) and one (:Person)

Three nodes, one (:Person) and two (:Movie)

Four nodes, two (:Person) and two (:Movie)

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Feedback

When you run a MERGE statement, Neo4j will attempt to find the entire pattern. If
any of the elements within the pattern do not exist, the entire path will be created.

For more information, see the MERGE section of the Cypher Manual.

Variables in subqueries
Complete the Cypher statement below to pass the p identifier to the subquery.

MATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->()-[:IN_GENRE]->(:Genre {name: 'Comedy'})

CALL {
/*select:WITH p*/
SET p:FunnyActor
} IN TRANSACTIONS OF 1000 ROWS

WITH p

HAVING p

USING p

SELECT p FROM $mainQuery

Feedback

For more information, see the Cypher manual.

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Escaping Special Characters

How can you escape special characters such as spaces in database, user and role
names?

With double quotes (").

With single quotes (').

With backticks (`).

With backslashes (\).

Feedback

The answer is backticks (`). For information, see

https://neo4j.com/docs/operations-manual/current/manage-
databases/configuration/

Cypher
Which of the following Cypher statements would you use to count the number of nodes
with the label Person ?

MATCH (n:Person) RETURN avg(n)

MATCH (n:Person) RETURN count(n)

MATCH (n:Person) RETURN sum(n)

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RETURN COUNT { (:Person) }

Feedback

To count the number of nodes with a specific label Person , you use

MATCH (n:Person) RETURN count(n) .

You can also use a COUNT as an expression and return it directly from a MATCH
clause.

Source: https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/cypher-intermediate-
queries/3-working-with-cypher-data/02-c1-counting-results/

Returning Data
Complete the following Cypher statement to return the name property of the Person
node.

MATCH (:Movie{title: 'The Matrix'})<-[:ACTED_IN]-(p:Person)

RETURN /*input:p.name*/ AS name

p.name

Feedback

Properties are accessed using the variable bound to the node or relationship.

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Indexes
Which Cypher command can be used to list the indexes in a Neo4j database?

SHOW INDEXES

CREATE INDEX

MATCH (n) RETURN n

CALL db.indexes()

Feedback

The correct command is SHOW INDEXES .

Refer to https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/cypher-indexes-
constraints/3-indexes/08-c-create-text-index/ for more details.

Behaviour of the MERGE command

Say you have a database with a unique constraint on the .name property for the
(:Person) label.

You run the following Cypher statement twice:

MERGE (p:Person {name: "Michelle Yeoh", createdAt: datetime()})

What will happen?

A single node will be created with the createdAt property set to the latest datetime

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value.

Two nodes will be created with the same name property but different createdAt
properties

A Neo.ClientError.Schema.ConstraintViolation error will be thrown

The database will crash and all changes will be lost

Feedback

If an operation within a transaction violates a unique constraint the transaction will

be terminated, all changes will be rolled back and a
Neo.ClientError.Schema.ConstraintViolation will be returned to the client.

For a full list of error codes, see https://neo4j.com/docs/status-

codes/current/errors/all-errors/

Cypher
Which of the following commands would you use to drop a constraint?

DROP CONSTRAINT [constraint_name]

DELETE CONSTRAINT [constraint_name]

REMOVE CONSTRAINT [constraint_name]

DROP INDEX [constraint_name]

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Feedback

The DROP CONSTRAINT [constraint_name] command is used to drop a constraint

in Neo4j. Source: https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/cypher-indexes-
constraints/2-constraints/11-c-managing-constraints/

Subqueries in Cypher
Which Cypher clause would you use to create a subquery?

CALL { /…​/ }

CREATE { /…​/ }

IN SUBQUERY { /…​/ }

SUBSEQUENTLY { /…​/ }

Feedback

See: https://neo4j.com/docs/cypher-manual/current/clauses/call-subquery/

Union queries
What is the difference between UNION and UNION ALL in Neo4j?

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UNION ALL returns distinct results, while UNION returns all results including
duplicates

UNION returns distinct results, while UNION ALL returns all results including
duplicates

UNION and UNION ALL are interchangeable in Neo4j

UNION and UNION ALL have no difference in Neo4j

Feedback

In Neo4j, UNION returns distinct results while UNION ALL returns all results,
including duplicates.

Source: https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/cypher-intermediate-
queries/6-subqueries/01-subquery/

MERGE statements
If you run the following Cypher statement on an empty database, which properties will
exist on the node?

MERGE (m:Movie {title: "Toy Story"})

ON CREATE SET m.released = 1995
ON MATCH SET m.tagline = "The adventure takes off! Hang on for the comedy t
SET m.imdbRating = 8.3
 

title

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released

tagline

imdbRating

Feedback

The MERGE command will find or create a pattern in the database.

Because this statement is run on an empty database, the node will be created.
Therefore, properties defined in ON CREATE SET will be set.

A previously created node has not been matched so the ON MATCH SET will not be
executed.

The SET clause will be run in both cases.

The WITH clause

In Cypher, what is the primary purpose of the WITH clause?

To divide the query into multiple parts, allowing intermediate results to be passed
to the next part of the query.

To filter nodes and relationships before returning results.

To specify the database to execute the query on.

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To create and return new nodes and relationships in the database.

Feedback

The WITH clause is used to define or redefine the scope of variables in a Cypher
query. Source: https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/cypher-intermediate-
queries/5-pipelining-queries/01-with-scoping/

Query Pagination
In a query requiring pagination, why is it essential to use an ORDER BY clause before
SKIP and LIMIT ?

It ensures consistent and predictable results across different pages.

It improves the query execution time.

It groups the results by a specified property.

It avoids duplicate results.

Feedback

Using an ORDER BY clause before SKIP and LIMIT ensures that the paginated
results are consistent and predictable. Source:

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https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/cypher-intermediate-queries/2-
controlling-results/05-limiting/

Cypher and GraphQL

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between Cypher and
GraphQL?

Cypher is a declarative graph query language designed for querying and updating
data in Neo4j, while GraphQL is a query language for APIs that allows clients to
specify exactly what data they need and is used for building web APIs.

Cypher is a query language for relational databases, while GraphQL is a query

language specifically designed for graph databases.

Cypher is used for data modeling, while GraphQL is used for data querying and
retrieval.

Cypher provides a flexible syntax for requesting data through APIs, while GraphQL
is optimized for complex graph traversals and pattern matching in Neo4j.

Feedback

Cypher is a declarative graph query language designed for querying and updating
data in Neo4j, while GraphQL is a query language for APIs that allows clients to
specify exactly what data they need and is used for building web APIs.

You can learn more about Neo4j & GraphQL in Introduction to Neo4j & GraphQL.

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Multiple Match Clauses

Why would Tom Hanks appear in this Cypher statement?

MATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m)
MATCH (m)<-[:ACTED_IN]-(p2)
RETURN p2.name AS coactor

But not in this one?

MATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m),
(m)<-[:ACTED_IN]-(p2)
RETURN p2.name AS coactor

It’s a bug in Neo4j. You should report it to Neo4j Customer Support

Relationships are unique within the scope of a single MATCH clause only

The import process probably created two Tom Hanks nodes in the database

It would never happen

Feedback

Relationships are unique within the scope of a single MATCH clause only. By adding
a second MATCH clause, the original relationship will be traversed again.

Cypher
What is the difference between using EXPLAIN and PROFILE?

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EXPLAIN provides exact steps and number of rows retrieved, while PROFILE
provides estimates.

EXPLAIN provides estimates, while PROFILE provides exact steps and number of
rows retrieved.

EXPLAIN is used for updating data, while PROFILE is used for querying.

EXPLAIN is used for querying, while PROFILE is used for updating data.

Feedback

The difference between EXPLAIN and PROFILE is that EXPLAIN provides

estimates, while PROFILE provides exact steps and number of rows retrieved in a
Neo4j query. Reference: https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/cypher-
intermediate-queries/1-filtering-queries/10-patterns/

Bad Cypher Statements

The following Cypher statement will match all nodes in the database and return their
relationships regardless, resulting in a cartesian product. Each node will be returned as
both n and m and each relationship will be returned twice.

MATCH (n)--(m)
RETURN *

How could this statement be improved?

Select all of the options below that apply.

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Define a label for one of the nodes to narrow down the initial search area

Define a relationship type

Define a direction for the relationship

Feedback

All of the answers are correct. When writing a MATCH clause, you should define at
least one label to narrow the initial search area. You should then be specific about
which relationship types and directions you would like to follow.

Both of these will ensure the amount of the graph that is explored is as small as
possible.

Subqueries in Cypher
Suppose we want to return a list of all movies for each actor whose name contains
"Tom". What is wrong with this code? Select the correct answer,

MATCH (a:Person)
WHERE a.name CONTAINS "Tom"
WITH a, a.name AS actorName
CALL
{
MATCH (a)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie)
RETURN collect(m.title) as movies
}
RETURN actorName, movies

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The syntax is invalid. You must use GraphQL.

You must add WITH movies, actorName after the CALL {} block.

You can only pass property values to a subquery, not nodes.

You must specify WITH in the subquery for any variables you are passing to the
subquery.

Feedback

You must specify WITH in the subquery for any variables you are passing to the
subquery.

For more information, see: https://neo4j.com/docs/cypher-

manual/current/clauses/call-subquery/

Subqueries
How many records will the following Cypher statement return?

UNWIND range(1, 3) AS outer

CALL {
WITH outer
UNWIND range(1, 3) AS inner

RETURN inner
}
RETURN outer, inner

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12

Feedback

For each row returned by the subquery, the value in the outer query will be
duplicated in the result set. The results will look like this.

outer inner
1 1

1 2

1 3

2 1

2 2

2 3

3 1

3 2

3 3

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Query performance
Why is it recommended to avoid unnecessary labels in query patterns for better
performance?

Labels on non-anchor nodes are not allowed.

Labels on non-anchor nodes force a label check, which may not be necessary.

Labels on non-anchor nodes reduce the need for WHERE clauses.

Labels on non-anchor nodes are forbidden as part of the software licensing

agreement.

Feedback

Avoiding unnecessary labels on non-anchor nodes reduces the overhead of label

checks, improving query performance. Reference:
https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/cypher-intermediate-queries/4-
graph-traversal/01-graph-traversal/

Traversal Behaviour
Which method of traversal behavior does Neo4j use during a Cypher query?

breadth-first

depth-first

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topological

sequential

Feedback

The query engine always completes the first path before moving on to the next,
streaming each result as it is found. (source:
https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/cypher-intermediate-queries/4-
graph-traversal/01-graph-traversal/)

Modeling 11 of 11 100%

Data modeling
Given the following domain question.

Which customers have purchased Product X?

Which of the following could you represent as relationships in your data model?

Customer

Purchased

Product

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Feedback

Verbs will typically become relationships in your data model.

You can learn more in Modeling Relationships in Modeling Fundamentals.

Red flags
What are some things to look for as red flags to investigate in a Cypher query plan?

AllNodesScan

NodeByLabelScan with a lot of DB hits

NodeByLabelScan with a few DB hits

Placement of eager operators

Reading property values early in the query plan.

Data modeling
Given the following domain question.

What parts of type X are required to make product Y?

Which of the following elements could you represent as nodes in your data model?

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Part

Type

Product

Feedback

All of the nouns used in the statement could be nodes in your instance model.

Intermediate nodes
You have a graph consisting of (:Customer) nodes with :ORDERED relationships to
(:Products) .

Instead of using a direct relationship between Customer and Product to represent an

order, what is the benefit of extracting this relationship into an intermediate node
Order? Which of the following optimizations involves enhancing the data model by
extracting the 'ordered' relationship into a separate node?

It allows us to only link products to customers.

It enables linking the order to multiple entities, such as products and shipping
companies.

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It simplifies the graph by reducing the number of nodes.

It prevents the need for any relationships between Customer and Product.

Feedback

You can learn more in Intermediate Nodes

Adding additional labels

You have a database consisting of (:Person) nodes connected to (:Movie) nodes
through :ACTED_IN and :DIRECTED relationships?

What is the benefit of adding additional (:Actor) labels for any (:Person) node
with an :ACTED_IN relationship?

It reduces the number of nodes in the graph

It provides a faster way to find a subset of (:Person) nodes

You can remove the :ACTED_IN relationships altogether

There are no benefits

Feedback

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Adding a label will reduce the search space at the start of the query, reducing the
number of db hits and making the statement more performant.

Bi-directional relationships
In modeling, the use of bi-directional relationships is a good practice when:

The semantics of the relationship in one direction is different from the other
direction.

You want to show the same relationship between two nodes in each direction.

A relationship between two nodes could be represented in either direction.

This is never a good idea.

Feedback

Bi-directional relationships make sense when the semantics of the relationship in

one direction is different from the other direction. For example, using different
weights for the relationships.

Labels
What is the recommended limit for the number of labels for a node in a data model?

2 labels

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4 labels

6 labels

8 labels

Feedback

It is recommended to limit the number of labels for a node to 4 in a data model. If

you assign more than four labels against a node, the labels will be stored in a
separate file which can increase the number of db hits per query. Source:
https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/modeling-fundamentals/5-
refactoring-graph/2-labels-in-graph/

Query tuning
Before you start a query tuning exercise, you must make sure that the set of queries
you will be measuring represents the correct syntax. You can use EXPLAIN to ensure
that unnecessary NodeByLabelScan steps occur.

For each query, you should confirm that:

An index will be used as expected.

Use correct names for labels, property keys, and property values.

Use correct relationship types.

Use literal strings to test values.

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Feedback

You should make sure that you:

An index will be used as expected.

Use correct names for labels, property keys, and property values.

Use correct relationship types.

Modeling categories
You are building a recommendation engine for an online store.

The store organizes products into departments, each containing sub-categories.

An excerpt of their category list is as follows:

Computers & Accessories > Accessories

Computers & Accessories > Computers & Laptops
Computers & Accessories > Computers & Laptops > Apple
Computers & Accessories > Computers & Laptops > Samsung
Computers & Accessories > Data Storage
Computers & Accessories > Input Devices
Computers & Accessories > Input Devices > Keyboards
Computers & Accessories > Input Devices > Mice
Computers & Accessories > Printing
Computers & Accessories > Printing > Printers
Computers & Accessories > Printing > Cartridges

Which of the following actions should you take when modeling the data?

Assign a new label for each category to (:Product) nodes, for example,
:Product_Accessories

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Create a hierarchy of (:Category) nodes

Create a category property on each node to hold an array of categories

Feedback

Because the categories represent a hierarchy, it makes sense to create nodes for
each category and use relationships to create the hierarchy. This means you can
quickly find products in a category, but also traverse the hierarchy to find products
in sub-categories.

See: Graph Data Modeling Fundamentals.

Modeling categories
You are building a recommendation engine for an online store.

Some of their products are perishable and need to be sold within a certain timeframe.
Managers would like to find a list of perishable products for stock control purposes.

Which of the following actions should you take when modeling the data?

Add a :Perishable label to perishable products

Create a boolean property named perishable

Create a :Status node with the name Perishable and create relationships from each
product node

Feedback

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Managers need to quickly identify a subset of products. Because products are

either perishable or not, a boolean and not hierarchical, using a label will narrow
down the search area within the graph.

See: Graph Data Modeling Fundamentals.

Slow running queries

You receive reports from users that your website is slow. You narrow down the problem
to a single Cypher statement used on the home page.

MATCH (c:Customer {id: $customerId})-[:PLACED|ORDERED*2]->(p:Product)

RETURN p.name
ORDER BY p.name ASC

After running the EXPLAIN command, you spot a NodeByLabelScan as the first step
in the query plan.

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Which of the following actions should you take to improve the performance of the
query?

Add query caching to your application server

Add an index to the :Customer.id property

Change the runtime to PARALLEL

Delete some data from the database

Feedback

A NodeByLabelScan step at the start of a query plan followed immediately by a

Filter is a sign that the database is scanning all nodes with that label before.
You should consider adding an index to this node and property combination.

To learn more, see Modeling Fundamentals.

Schema 11 of 11 100%

Unique constraints
How do you create a unique constraint on the email property for any node with the
label User ?

CREATE INDEX ON :User(email)

CREATE CONSTRAINT ON (u:User) ASSERT u.email IS UNIQUE

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CREATE CONSTRAINT ON (u:User) ASSERT u.email IS NODE KEY

CREATE CONSTRAINT FOR (u:User) REQUIRE (u.email) IS UNIQUE

Feedback

The Cypher statement

CREATE CONSTRAINT FOR (u:User) REQUIRE (u.email) IS UNIQUE creates a
unique constraint on the 'email' property for nodes with the 'User' label. For more
details, refer to the lesson at
https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/modeling-fundamentals/7-using-
specific-relationships/1-specific-relationships/

Schemas in Neo4j
Which of the following statements is correct?

Neo4j does not support schemas

Neo4j allows for an optional schema

Neo4j enforces a strict schema

Feedback

You can operate a Neo4j database with no schema, but applying a database
schema will improve performance.

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You can learn more about applying a schema to Neo4j in Cypher Indexes &
Constraints.

Indexes
True or False - You can create an index on nodes or relationships.

True

False

Feedback

This is true, you can create a wide range of indexes and constraints on nodes and
relationships.

Unique constraints
Complete the Cypher statement below to create an existence constraint on the rated
property on the ()-[:RATED]→() relationship.

CREATE CONSTRAINT rated_rating

FOR ()-[r:RATED]-() REQUIRE r.rating /*select:IS NOT NULL*/

EXISTS

IS UNIQUE

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IS NOT NULL

:: NOT NULL

Feedback

You can learn all about the indexes and constraints available in Neo4j in the
Cypher Indexes and Constraints course.

Indexes
Which of the following indexes are available in Neo4j?

BLOOM

CURRENCY

TEXT

RANGE

VECTOR

Feedback

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Learn how to make your graph more performant in the Cypher Indexes and
Constraints course.

Schema visualizations
Which of the following Cypher statements will visualize your database schema in
Workspace or Neo4j Browser?

CALL db.schema.visualization()

SHOW SCHEMA

MATCH schema = VISUALIZE ()-[]→() RETURN schema

CALL schema.visualize()

Feedback

To visualize your graph data schema, call the db.schema.visualization()

procedure. To get a general view, you can also return a random sample of nodes
and relationships.

MATCH p = ()-[]->()
RETURN p
LIMIT 1000

Property combination index

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What type of constraint can you use to ensure that two or more properties are unique
and exist for any given label?

Combination Constraint

Unique Constraint

Node Key Constraint

NodePropertyConst

Feedback

You can learn all about the indexes and constraints available in Neo4j in the
Cypher Indexes and Constraints course.

Indexes
How do you create a RANGE index on a relationship property?

CREATE RANGE INDEX index_name FOR ()-[relType:RELATIONSHIP_TYPE]-() ON

(relType.property_key)

CREATE BTREE INDEX index_name FOR (n:NODE_LABEL) ON (n.property_key)

CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX index_name FOR (n:NODE_LABEL) ON (n.property_key)

CREATE TEXT INDEX index_name FOR ()-[relType:RELATIONSHIP_TYPE]-() ON

(relType.property_key)
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Feedback

To create a RANGE index on a relationship property in Neo4j, you use the syntax:
CREATE RANGE INDEX index_name FOR ()-[relType:RELATIONSHIP_TYPE]-() ON
(relType.property_key)
. Source: https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/cypher-indexes-
constraints/3-indexes/08-c-create-text-index/

Full-text indexes
What makes fulltext and vector indexes different from other indexes in Neo4j?

They can be specified for properties of relationships.

They must be queried by a calling a procedure.

They can be used to constrain uniqueness of a relationship property value.

They can be used to index a combination of node and relationship properties.

Feedback

You can learn all about the indexes and constraints available in Neo4j in the
Cypher Indexes and Constraints course.

To learn about Vector indexes, check out Neo4j & LLM Fundamentals.

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Full-text indexes
Complete the Cypher statement below to query a fulltext index called movieInfo
with the value in the parameter $query .

/*select:CALL db.index.fulltext.queryNodes*/("movieInfo", $query)

YIELD node, score
RETURN node.title, score

CALL db.index.fulltext.queryNodes

QUERY FULLTEXT INDEX WITH

SELECT INDEX

MATCH fulltext

CALL fulltext.queryNodes

Feedback

You can learn all about fulltext indexes in the Cypher Indexes and Constraints
course.

Vector indexes
Complete the Cypher statement below to create a Vector index on the
:Movie.embedding property.

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/*select:CREATE VECTOR INDEX*/ moviePlots IF NOT EXISTS

FOR (m:Movie) ON m.embedding
OPTIONS {indexConfig: {
`vector.dimensions`: 1536,
`vector.similarity_function`: 'cosine'
}}

CREATE VECTOR INDEX

CREATE INDEX

CREATE CONTRAINT

CALL db.vector.createIndex

Feedback

To learn about Vector indexes, check out Neo4j & LLM Fundamentals.

Importing 6 of 6 100%

Importing CSV data

Which Cypher command would you use to load data from a CSV file?

LOAD CSV

IMPORT CSV

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READ CSV

GET CSV

Feedback

LOAD CSV is the Cypher command that loads data from a CSV file. Source:
https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/importing-fundamentals/

Complex data imports

In a complex data import scenario involving both nodes and relationships, which of the
following sequence of steps is recommended?

Import nodes first, then relationships

Import relationships first, then nodes

Import nodes and relationships simultaneously

Import nodes and relationships in separate transactions

Feedback

A multi-pass approach to importing data will ensure that larger imports are more
performant.

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Data types
Which of the following statements applies when using the LOAD CSV statement?

Select all of the options below that apply.

The database will automatically determine the data type when reading the CSV file

All values are cast as a string

You must define the data types for each file in import.conf

You must cast any values other than a string using the appropriate Cypher function

Feedback

When loading a CSV file using LOAD CSV , all values will be treated as strings. This
ensures that no information is lost during the import process. You must use the
appropriate function to convert the value into the correct data type, for example
the toInteger() and toBoolean() functions.

Importing CSV files

Complete the following Cypher statement to instruct Neo4j that the first row in the
CSV file contains headers.

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LOAD CSV /*select:WITH HEADERS*/ FROM 'file:///people.csv' AS row

CREATE (p:Person)
SET p += row

HAS HEADERS

HEADERROW=1

USE FIRST AS HEADERS

WITH HEADERS

Feedback

LOAD CSV is the Cypher command used to load data from a CSV file. The command
has a WITH HEADERS option that instructs Neo4j that the first row contains
headers.

Source: https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/importing-fundamentals/

Importing CSV files

If you omit WITH HEADERS from a LOAD CSV statement, which of the following will
happen?

The statement will lead to a Syntax Error

An LLM will be to generate headers for you

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Each row will be treated as a list

The database will crash

Feedback

If WITH HEADERS is not present, the data will be returned as a list of values. You
can access these values using a zero-based index, for example, row[0] .

Batch Imports
Complete the Cypher statement below to execute the LOAD CSV command in batches
of 1000 rows.

LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM 'file:///people.csv' AS row

CALL {
WITH row
MERGE (p:Person {id: row.id})
SET p += row
} /*select:IN TRANSACTIONS OF 1000 ROWS*/

COMMIT ON 1000

IN TRANSACTIONS OF 1000 ROWS

OPTIONS { batchSize: 1000 }

ROWS=1000

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Feedback

The correct syntax for setting the transaction size in a subquery is

CALL {} IN TRANSACTIONS OF 1000 ROWS

CALL { …​} IN TRANSACTIONS is only allowed in implicit transactions.

If you are using Neo4j Browser, you must prepend any queries using
CALL { …​} IN TRANSACTIONS with :auto .

Drivers 8 of 8 100%

Drivers
What is the role of a driver in Neo4j?

To establish a connection with the Neo4j database

To store data in the graph database

To define the data model in Neo4j

To visualize nodes and relationships in a forced graph layout

Feedback

The role of a driver in Neo4j is to establish a connection with the Neo4j database.
For more information, refer to:

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https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/courses/modeling-fundamentals/1-getting-
started/3-purpose-of-model/

Driver Protocols
Which of the following protocols are valid to create a secure connection to Neo4j using
the Driver?

bolt+s

graphdb+s

neo4j+s

neo4j+ssc

https

Feedback

The correct answers are bolt+s , neo4j+s and neo4j+ssc .

Bolt Port
What is the default port for connecting to a Neo4j database using the driver?

7474

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7687

7987

8501

Feedback

The correct answer is 7687 .

Fun fact, the port number is used because the two developers who coined the bolt
protocol were born in 1976 and 1987.

Drivers
When using a language driver, a statement of results comprises a stream of…​

nodes

rows

entries

records

Feedback

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You can learn more about how to connect an application to Neo4j in our
Development courses.

Verifying Database Credentials

Complete the following Python code to verify the database credentials passed to the
GraphDatabase.driver() method are correct.

driver = GraphDatabase.driver(
"neo4j://localhost:7687",
auth=("neo4j", "1$ecurepassword")
)

driver.#select:verify_authentication()

assert_auth()

check_authentication()

verify_authentication()

verify()

Feedback

The verify_authentication() method will try to establish a working connection

to a remote database or cluster method. The method will return True if the
credentials are valid, otherwise, it will return False .

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Drivers
When establishing a driver connection using the neo4j+ssc , which of the following
will occur?

The driver will establish an unencrypted connection

The driver will establish an encrypted connection and it will verify the SSL
certificate

The driver will establish an encrypted connection but it will not verify the SSL
certificate

Feedback

The neo4j+ssc protocol securely connects to a Neo4j database using SSL/TLS

encryption with a self-signed certificate. This ensures encrypted data is
transmitted between the client and server, providing security and privacy, typically
in development or testing environments.

Retrying Failed Transactions

When using a language driver, which forms of transaction functions will be
automatically retried on failure?

Auto-commit transactions

Transaction functions

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Explicit transactions

Feedback

Transaction functions will automatically retry when they encounter transient

errors.

Reading Data from Neo4j

Complete the following Python code to execute a one-off Cypher statement and
consume the results as a Pandas DataFrame .

driver = GraphDatabase.driver(
"neo4j://localhost:7687" auth=("neo4j", "letmein")
)

df = driver.#select:execute_query
(
"MATCH (n) RETURN count(n) AS count",
result_transformer_=Result.to_df
)

cypher

to_df

execute_query

run

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query

Feedback

To execute a Cypher statement in the Python driver, run the execute_query

method.

Return to Neo4j Certified Professional

Copyright © 2025 Neo4j Inc.

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