Fundamentals of Python
Informatics Practices (065)
Fundamenatals of
As per CBSE Syllabus 2023-24
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Fundamentals of Python
• Python is a popular programming language. It was created by Guido van
Rossum, and released in 1991.
It is used for:
• web development (server-side),
• software development,
• mathematics,
• system scripting.
How to work with python?
There are two ways to work in python.
• in Interactive mode
One command can executed at time.
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in Script mode
• Set of commands can execeuted at a time
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tokens
• Tokens are smallest individual unit of python.There are following types of
token in Python.
1. Keywords
2. Identifiers
3. Literals
4. Operators
5. Punctuators
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keywords
• Keyword have special meaning to language complier.
• List of keywords:-
Keywords in Python
False await else import pass
None break except in raise
True class finally is return
and continue for lambda try
as def from nonlocal while
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assert del global not with
async elif if or yield
identifiers
• Identifier is user defined name.
Rules of naming identifier:-
1. A-Z,a-z,0-9,_ are allowed.
2. Space not allowed
3. It can be of any length.
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4. Cannot start with digit.
5. Case-sensitive(Total,TOTAL,total)
Valid identifier Invalid Identifier
• myfile • My File
• My_file • My-file
• Ifs • if
• For • for
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literal
• Literal have fixed value.
• There are following type of literal in Python.
• String literals :: "halo" , '12345'
• Int literals :: 0,1,2,-1,-2
• Float literals :: 3.14
• Boolean literals :: True or False
• Special literals :: None
• Literal collection:-
• List literals :: [5,6,7]
• Tuple literals :: (8,9,0)
• Dict literals :: {'x':1}
operators
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• Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
Python divides the operators in the following groups:
1. Arithmetic operators
2. Assignment operators
3. Comparison operators
4. Logical operators
5. Identity operators
6. Membership operators
Arithmetic operators
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Operator Name Example
+ Addition x+y
- Subtraction x-y
* Multiplication x*y
/ Division x/y
% Modulus x%y
** Exponentiation x ** y
// Floor division x // y
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= is used as a assignmentoperators.
e.g:-a=5
5 will assign to variable a.
You can assign single value to multiple variable.
e.g:-a=b=c=10
10 will assign to variable a ,b and c.
You can use shorthand assignment operators for quick calculation.
e.g:- a+=5 is same as a=a+5
Operator Example Same As
= x=5 x=5
+= x += 3 x=x+3
-= x -= 3 x=x-3
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*= x *= 3 x=x*3
/= x /= 3 x=x/3
%= x %= 3 x=x%3
//= x //= 3 x = x // 3
**= x **= 3 x = x ** 3
&= x &= 3 x=x&3
|= x |= 3 x=x|3
^= x ^= 3 x=x^3
>>= x >>= 3 x = x >> 3
<<= x <<= 3 x = x << 3
Operator Name Example
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== Equal x == y
!= Not equal x != y
> Greater than x>y
< Less than x<y
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y
<= Less than or equal to x <= y
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Operator Description Example
and Returns True if both statements x < 5 and x < 10
are true
or Returns True if one of the x < 5 or x < 4
statements is true
not Reverse the result, returns False not(x < 5 and x < 10)
if the result is true
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Operator Description Example
is Returns True if both x is y
variables are the same
object
is not Returns True if both x is not y
variables are not the same
object
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Operator Description Example
in Returns True if a sequence x in y
with the specified value is
present in the object
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not in Returns True if a sequence x not in y
with the specified value is
not present in the object
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Multi line
Single line comment comment
block
keywords
Expression Statement
identifier
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• Comments can be used to explain Python
code.
• Comments can be used to make the code
more readable.
• Comments can be used to prevent execution
when testing code.
• # is used to start single line comment
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• ## or triple quotes are used to started
multiple line comment.
statement expression
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A statement is a An expression is any
complete line of code section of the code that
that performs some evaluates to a value.
action
Print(a) A=b+10
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• It is a valid combination of operators, literals
and variable.
– Arithmetic expression :- e.g. c=a+b
– Relational expression :- e.g. x>y
– Logical expression :- a or b
– String expression :- c=“comp”+”sc”
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• A block is a piece of Python program text that is
executed as a unit. The following are blocks: a
module, a function body, and a class definition.
Each command typed interactively is a block.
E.g:-
if (a>0):
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else:
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print("+")
• A Python variable is a reserved memory
location to store values. In other words,
a variable in a python program gives data to
the computer for processing.
• E.g:-a,b
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• Rules are same as identifiers.
• Always give meaningful name to variable
such as to store price, take variable name p
or price
• A constant is a type of variable whose value
cannot be changed.
• E.g:-PI = 3.14
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Syntax:-
Variable name =value
E.g:-
A=10
a=b=c=10
a,b,c=10,20,30
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• Variables can store data of different types, and
different types can do different things.
Data Types In Python:-
1. Number
2. String
3. Boolean
4. List
5. Tuple
6. Set
7. Dictionary
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• Python can store number as:-
1. int:- a=5 or a=0
2. float a=2.5
3. complex a=3+5j(in a+bj format)
• String is collection of characters enclosed with
quotes.
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• You can use single, double or triple quotes.
E.g:-
S=”vibrant”
Escape sequence:-\n,\t
• Can store only two value. True of False.
E.g:-a=True
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• Tuple is a collection of data(any type of data)
separated by comma and enclosed with ().
E.g:-
T=(1,2,3,4,5)
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• List is a collection of data(any type of data)
separated by comma and enclosed with [].
E.g:-
l=[1,2,3,4,5]
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• Dictionary holds key:value pair seperated by
comma enclosed with {}.
E.g:-
D={‘name’:’Aayushi’,’class’:12}
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• Input is used to input data from user.[in string]
• To convert inputted string to different data type
we need to write data type(int,float) or eval.
• Print is used to display output to the user.
E.g:-
a=int(input("enter number"))
print(a)
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1. Write a Python program to display addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division of two numbers.
2. Write a Python program to display amount when user input
no of product and price of product.
3. Add statement to display GST(9% amount) in above
program.
4. Write a Python program to display simple interest when
principal amount, rate of interest , no of years input by user.
5. Write a Python program to display discount(5% of amount)
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in program no 2.
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