MIT CS 101: Java Programming Basics and
OOP Concepts - Review Notes
Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Java Programming
2. Java Syntax and Structure
3. Variables and Data Types
4. Operators and Control Flow
5. Methods and Parameters
6. Arrays and Collections
7. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts
8. Java Classes and Objects
9. Inheritance and Polymorphism
10.Encapsulation and Abstraction
11.Exception Handling Basics
12.Sample Programs and Code Snippets
13.Concept Summary Diagrams
14.Review Questions and Exercises
1. Introduction to Java Programming
Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language. It is designed to have as few
implementation dependencies as possible. It is widely used for building enterprise-scale applications,
Android apps, and web applications.
Key Features:
• Platform-independent (Write Once, Run Anywhere)
• Strongly typed
• Automatic memory management (Garbage Collection)
• Rich standard library
2. Java Syntax and Structure
A basic Java program structure includes:
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, world!");
}
}
Rules:
• Every application must have a main method.
• Class names must match the filename.
• Statements end with a semicolon.
3. Variables and Data Types
Java has two data types: primitive and reference.
Primitive Types:
• int, byte, short, long, float, double, char, boolean
Variable Declaration:
int age = 25;
float pi = 3.14f;
boolean isJavaFun = true;
4. Operators and Control Flow
Common Operators:
• Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %
• Relational: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
• Logical: &&, ||, !
Control Flow Statements:
• if, else, switch
• for, while, do-while
if (age > 18) {
System.out.println("Adult");
}
5. Methods and Parameters
public int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
• Methods promote code reuse.
• Use return to send values back.
• Parameters can be primitive or reference types.
6. Arrays and Collections
Arrays:
int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3};
ArrayList (from java.util):
ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("Java");
7. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts
• Encapsulation: Wrapping data and code into a single unit.
• Abstraction: Hiding implementation details.
• Inheritance: Acquiring properties from a parent class.
• Polymorphism: One interface, multiple implementations.
8. Java Classes and Objects
public class Car {
String color;
int speed;
void drive() {
System.out.println("Driving at " + speed);
}
}
• Create object: Car myCar = new Car();
9. Inheritance and Polymorphism
Inheritance:
public class Animal {
void makeSound() {
System.out.println("Sound");
}
}
public class Dog extends Animal {
void makeSound() {
System.out.println("Bark");
}
}
• Dog overrides makeSound() method from Animal.
10. Encapsulation and Abstraction
Encapsulation:
public class Account {
private double balance;
public void deposit(double amount) {
balance += amount;
}
}
Abstraction:
abstract class Shape {
abstract void draw();
}
11. Exception Handling Basics
try {
int a = 10 / 0;
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Cannot divide by zero");
} finally {
System.out.println("End of try block");
}
12. Sample Programs and Code Snippets
• Calculator program
• Sorting an array
• Student grade tracker
13. Concept Summary Diagrams
• Class hierarchy diagram
• Object interaction flow
• Encapsulation/Abstraction illustrated
14. Review Questions and Exercises
1. Define OOP and explain its principles.
2. Write a Java program to check if a number is prime.
3. Implement a class hierarchy for Employee, Manager, and Developer.
4. Practice polymorphism using method overriding.
