Home Automation: Wireless

Technologies Evolution
Discover the journey of home automation from IR remote controls to
advanced wireless systems.

by Akash Kundu

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Project Overview: From IR Remote to Wireless
Integration
Last Semester
Built IR remote controlled home automation system using Arduino, relays, and IR sensors.

This Semester
Developed solution integrating WiFi and Bluetooth modules with triac drivers and mobile
software.

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Third Semester’s Work:
Remote Controlled Home
Automation

Fig 2 - Hardware

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Fig 1 - Circuit diagram of remote controlled home automation Fig 3 - LCD Display
Contents
1.Introduction
2.Methodology
3.Hardware Description
4.Software Implementation
5.Results
6.Future scopes
7.Conclusion
8.References

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Introduction

In recent years, advancements in wireless communication and microcontroller technologies

have revolutionized home automation, making it more accessible and efficient. This project
demonstrates how Bluetooth and Wi-Fi technologies can be integrated to remotely control
household appliances, enhancing convenience, energy efficiency, and security. By
leveraging Bluetooth for local device control and Wi-Fi for remote access via a web interface
or mobile app, this system offers a seamless smart home experience. Through experimental
trials, the project validated its reliability, low latency, and real-time responsiveness,
showcasing the growing potential of IoT-based automation in modern living spaces.

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Methodology
Description of block diagram of wi-fi controlled
home automation

Arduino The central microcontroller, responsible for

processing commands and controlling the triac driver based
on input received via Wi-Fi.
ESP-01 Wi-Fi Module Enables wireless communication
between the Arduino and a mobile device, allowing remote
operation of the system.
Mobile Device Serves as the user interface, sending control
commands to the ESP-01 module via a Wi-Fi connection.
Triac Driver Acts as an interface between the microcontroller
and the high-power AC load. It ensures efficient switching of Fig 4 - Block diagram of wi-fi controlled home
AC devices based on control signals. automation

Load Represents the electrical device being controlled (e.g., a

light bulb, fan, or appliance). It operates when triggered via
the triac driver 6
Description of block diagram of bluetooth controlled
home automation

Mobile Device Acts as the user interface, sending control

commands to the system via Bluetooth.
HC-06 Bluetooth Module Facilitates wireless communication
between the mobile device and the Arduino, enabling remote
control of the circuit.
Arduino The microcontroller that processes incoming signals
from the Bluetooth module and sends appropriate control
signals to the *Triac Driver*.
Triac Driver Acts as the interface between the Arduino and the
high-power AC load. It ensures proper switching and isolation
for safe operation.
Fig 5 - Block diagram of bluetooth
Load The electrical device being controlled (e.g., light bulb, controlled home automation
motor, or appliance). The Arduino regulates its operation
through the Triac Driver.

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Hardware Description
Circuit Elements and Their Functions for wifi controlled home
automation

1. Arduino UNO – Acts as the brain of the circuit, controlling the

operation and executing the program logic.
2. ESP-01 WiFi Module – Provides wireless connectivity, allowing
remote control of the circuit.
3. MOC3021 Optoisolator – Ensures electrical isolation between the
low-voltage control side (Arduino) and the high-voltage AC load
side. It contains an LED and a phototriac for safe signal
transmission.
4. BT136 TRIAC – A semiconductor switch used to control the AC
load (light bulb) by receiving trigger signals from the optoisolator.
5. 220Ω Resistor – Limits current to the LED inside the MOC3021
optoisolator.
6. 1KΩ Resistor – Limits current to the gate of the BT136 TRIAC,
ensuring stable switching.
7. Light Bulb – The AC load being controlled.
8. Extension Board – Provides AC power input to the circuit.
Fig 6 - Circuit diagram of wifi controlled home
automation 8
Circuit Elements and Their Functions for bluetooth controlled
home automation

1. Arduino Uno – Acts as the main microcontroller, processing

commands received via Bluetooth and controlling the circuit.
2. Bluetooth Module – Enables wireless communication between
the Arduino and a smartphone or other Bluetooth-enabled
device for remote control.
3. MOC3021 Optocoupler – Provides electrical isolation between
the low-voltage control side (Arduino) and the high-voltage load
side (light bulb). It ensures safe signal transmission using an LED
and phototransistor.
4. BT136 600E TRIAC – A semiconductor switch used to control
AC power to the light bulb, turning it on and off based on signals
from the optocoupler.
5. 220Ω Resistor – Limits current to the LED inside the
optocoupler to prevent damage.
6. 1KΩ Resistor – Limits current to the TRIAC gate, ensuring stable
operation.
7. Light Bulb – The AC load being controlled by the circuit.
8. Extension Board – Provides AC power input to the light bulb
and other components
Fig 7 - Circuit diagram of bluetooth controlled
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home automation
Software Implementation
A Algorithm of Wi-Fi Based Device Control using RemoteXY and ESP8266

Step 1: Start Program

Step 2: Define RemoteXY Connection Parameters Set mode to
ESP8266_HARDSERIAL_POINT Configure Wi-Fi SSID, Password, and Port
Step 3: Include Required Libraries Include RemoteXY.h
Step 4: Define GUI Configuration for RemoteXY Declare and initialize
RemoteXY_CONF for 4 switches Create a structure RemoteXY to hold switch
values and connection flag
Step 5: Declare Output Pins Define ledPin1 to ledPin4 connected to digital
pins 2 to 5
Step 6: Setup Function: Initialize RemoteXY communication with
RemoteXY_Init() Set ledPin1 to ledPin4 as OUTPUT pins Start Serial
communication at 115200 baud (for debugging)
Step 7: Loop Function: Continuously call RemoteXY_Handler() to manage the
app connection Check each switch (switch1 to switch4): If ON, set
corresponding pin HIGH (turn on device) If OFF, set corresponding pin LOW
(turn off device) Wait for 100 ms using RemoteXY_delay(100) (maintains
communication)
Step 8: Repeat Step 7 Indefinitely
Step 9: End Program
Fig 8 - Flowchart of the program 10
Algorithm of Bluetooth-Based LED Toggle Control

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Define Constants and Variables Define LED1 to LED4 for
pins 2, 3, 4, and 5 Initialize state variables c1, c2, c3, c4 to 1 (LEDs
off)
Step 3: Setup Function Set LED1 to LED4 as OUTPUT Set initial
state of all LEDs to LOW (OFF) Begin Serial communication at
9600 baud
Step 4: Loop Function Check if serial data is available If data is
received: Read the character input as command If command is
'1': If c1 == 1, turn ON LED1, set c1 = 0 Else, turn OFF LED1, set c1
= 1 If command is '2': If c2 == 1, turn ON LED2, set c2 = 0 Else,
turn OFF LED2, set c2 = 1 If command is '3': If c3 == 1, turn ON
LED3, set c3 = 0 Else, turn OFF LED3, set c3 = 1 If command is '4':
If c4 == 1, turn ON LED4, set c4 = 0 Else, turn OFF LED4, set c4 = 1
Print the received command for debugging
Step 5: Repeat Step 4 Indefinitely
Step 6: End
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Fig 9 - Flowchart of the program
Results
The proposed system of using Wi-Fi as well as Bluetooth
to control household appliances was successfully
developed. The application is connected to the same IP
as the ESP 32 Dev Kit V1 so that it can be controlled using
any device that connected to a network. No unwanted
traffic can enter as the application is protected with the
password on our phone and our Wi-Fi. The developed
system helps us in achieving our goal of room automation
since it is successful in controlling the appliances using
BLYNK application on your smart phone or through
Bluetooth switch.
Fig 10 - Overall circuit diagram of automation by Wi-Fi with Mobile
and Loads

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Fig 11 - Only the Circuitry Fig 12 - Loads Fig 13 - Mobile app design
Fig 14 - Glowing of one bulb using automation Fig 15 - Glowing of two bulbs using automation
through Wi-Fi through Wi-Fi

Fig 16 - Circuit of home automation using 13

Fig 17 - Glowing of one bulb using automation
Bluetooth through Bluetooth
Fig 18 - Glowing of two bulbs using automation through Fig 19 - Glowing of all the bulbs using automation
Bluetooth through Bluetooth

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Future Scopes

Home automation using a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) module offers
a versatile and cost-effective solution for controlling and monitoring home appliances
remotely. By integrating a GSM module into a home automation system, users can send
commands via SMS from their mobile phones to control lighting, security systems, and
other electrical devices. This technology provides a reliable way to manage home
functions without the need for internet connectivity, making it particularly useful in areas
with limited or unstable internet access. Additionally, GSM-based systems can send
alerts and notifications to users, ensuring real-time updates on the status of various
home components. As we look to the future, incorporating GSM modules in home
automation projects can enhance security, improve energy efficiency, and provide
greater convenience, all while offering a scalable foundation that can be adapted to
emerging technologies and evolving user needs.

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Conclusion
In conclusion, the integration of WiFi and Bluetooth modules in home automation projects presents
a seamless and efficient way to enhance household connectivity and control. By combining these
technologies, users can enjoy the convenience of remote access and real-time monitoring of their
home environments via smartphones or other smart devices. The WiFi module enables wide-
ranging internet-based control, granting users the ability to manage their home systems from
virtually anywhere with an internet connection. Meanwhile, the Bluetooth module offers a reliable
and secure local network, ideal for controlling devices within close proximity without the need for
internet access. Together, these modules create a robust platform for smart home solutions,
improving energy efficiency, security, and overall home management. As technology continues to
advance, the potential for further innovation in this area promises to make home automation more
accessible and customizable, catering to the diverse needs and preferences of modern
homeowners.

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Advantages
1.Seamless Device Integration: Allows remote control of lights, thermostats, security systems,
and appliances via smartphones or voice commands, enhancing convenience and energy
efficiency.
2.Flexible Connectivity Options: Bluetooth is ideal for short-range, quick connections without
internet; Wi-Fi offers long-range control from anywhere with internet.
3.Enhanced Security: Provides real-time alerts for unusual activities, enabling prompt responses
and peace of mind.
Disadvantages
1.Security Risks: Wi-Fi and Bluetooth can be hacked, risking personal data and device
control.
2.Connectivity Problems: Signals may face obstructions and interference, causing delays or
disconnections.
3.Compatibility Issues: Different brands may not work well together, leading to a fragmented
system. 17
References
1.L. F. L. (2016) "Design of Home Automation System Using Wi-Fi for Remote Appliance
Control." IEEE Access Journal.
2. H. M. L. (2020) "Development of Home Automation Using Bluetooth Technology and IoT."
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation
Engineering.
3. R. S. M. & N. T. (2019) "Home Automation System Using Internet of Things (IoT) for Smart
Homes with Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Communication." International Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IJET).
4. P. A. J. S. & S. P. R. (2016) "Design of Home Automation System Using IoT, Bluetooth, and
Wi-Fi for Smart Control of Appliances." International Journal of Computer Science and
Information Technology Research.
5. D. R. U. "A Smart Home Automation System Using Bluetooth and Wi-Fi for Device
Control." International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing (IJCSMC).

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THANK YOU
ANY QUESTIONS?

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