VTU Network Programming -2
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smanjuraviVTU Network Programming -2
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smanjuravi5/27/25, 7:13 AM VTU Network Programming Questions
1. Socket Creation and Types
➤ socket(domain, type, protocol)
Creates a new socket.
domain : Address family (e.g., AF_INET , AF_INET6 )
type : SOCK_STREAM (TCP), SOCK_DGRAM (UDP)
protocol : Usually set to 0 (default protocol for type)
Example:
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int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); // TCP socket
🔹 2. Address Binding
➤ bind(sockfd, addr, addrlen)
Assigns a local protocol address to a socket.
Example:
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struct sockaddr_in servaddr; bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr,
sizeof(servaddr));
🔹 3. Connection Handling (TCP)
➤ listen(sockfd, backlog)
Marks the socket as passive for accepting connections.
➤ accept(sockfd, addr, addrlen)
Accepts a connection request and returns a new socket for communication.
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5/27/25, 7:13 AM VTU Network Programming Questions
🔹 4. Data Transmission
➤ read() / recv()
Reads data from a socket.
➤ write() / send()
Sends data to a socket.
➤ recvfrom() / sendto() (UDP)
Used for datagram sockets.
🔹 5. Closing a Connection
➤ close(sockfd)
Closes the socket.
➤ shutdown(sockfd, how)
Shuts down part of a full-duplex connection.
🔹 6. Client-Side Connections
➤ connect(sockfd, addr, addrlen)
Initiates a connection to a remote socket.
🔹 7. Socket Options
➤ setsockopt() / getsockopt()
Configures socket behavior (timeouts, buffer sizes, etc.)
Example:
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5/27/25, 7:13 AM VTU Network Programming Questions
int opt = 1; setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));
🔹 8. Multiplexing I/O
Allows a program to monitor multiple sockets.
select() : Monitors read/write/exception status
poll() : Scalable alternative to select()
epoll() : Linux-specific scalable I/O
🔹 9. Socket Address Conversion
➤ inet_pton() / inet_ntop()
Convert IP addresses between text and binary formats.
🔹 10. Network Name and Service Resolution
➤ getaddrinfo() / freeaddrinfo()
Modern, protocol-independent replacement for gethostbyname() and getservbyname() .
🔹 11. UNIX Domain Sockets
Used for inter-process communication (IPC) on the same host.
Uses AF_UNIX address family
Faster than IP-based sockets due to no network stack traversal
🔹 12. Non-blocking and Asynchronous Sockets
➤ fcntl() or ioctl()
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5/27/25, 7:13 AM VTU Network Programming Questions
Set socket to non-blocking mode.
Used in event-driven programming to avoid blocking the application.
🔹 13. Error Handling
Most socket calls return -1 on error.
Use perror() or strerror(errno) to get human-readable error messages.
🔹 14. IPv6 and Protocol Independence
Use AF_INET6 and sockaddr_in6
Use getaddrinfo() to write address family–independent code
Supports dual-stack sockets (bind to :: )
🔹 15. SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol)
Message-oriented like UDP, but reliable like TCP
Supports multihoming and multistreaming
Functions: sctp_sendmsg() , sctp_recvmsg() , etc.
Want Practical Code Examples?
I can give you full examples like:
TCP echo server/client
UDP client/server
Non-blocking select() -based multiplexing
SCTP client/server
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