VTU Network Programming-4
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details: Introduction to Network Applications
✅ Overview:
Network applications enable communication over a
network (LAN, WAN, Internet). Examples include:
Web browsers (HTTP)
Email clients (SMTP, IMAP)
File transfers (FTP, SCP)
Remote access (SSH, Telnet)
Here is a detailed explanation of the topic “Introduction to Network Applications”,
focusing on the fundamental concepts, types of applications, and the protocols they use:
🧩 Introduction to Network Applications
✅ 1. What Are Network Applications?
Network applications are software programs that use network protocols to communicate
with other systems over a computer network. They rely on transport protocols (like TCP or
UDP) and application-level protocols (like HTTP, FTP, etc.) to perform their tasks.
✅ 2. Characteristics of Network Applications
Feature Description
Distributed Operate across multiple devices or systems
Client-Server Model One machine (server) provides a service; the other (client)
uses it
Use of Protocols Governed by defined rules (e.g., TCP/IP, HTTP, SMTP)
Resource Sharing Enable sharing of files, printers, web content, etc.
Interactive or Batch Can be real-time (chat, video) or scheduled (email transfer)
✅ 3. Examples of Common Network Applications
🌐 A. Web Browsers
Purpose: Access and display content from the web.
Protocols:
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
HTTPS (Secure HTTP over SSL/TLS)
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Ports: 80 (HTTP), 443 (HTTPS)
📧 B. Email Clients
Purpose: Send and receive emails.
Protocols:
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) – for sending
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) – for retrieving from server
POP3 (Post Office Protocol v3) – for downloading emails
Ports:
SMTP: 25, 587
IMAP: 143 (993 with SSL)
POP3: 110 (995 with SSL)
📂 C. File Transfer Applications
Purpose: Send/receive files over the network.
Protocols:
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
SCP (Secure Copy – based on SSH)
SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol)
Ports:
FTP: 21 (control), 20 (data)
SCP/SFTP: 22
🖥️ D. Remote Access Tools
Purpose: Access and control systems remotely.
Protocols:
SSH (Secure Shell)
Telnet (less secure)
Ports:
SSH: 22
Telnet: 23
✅ 4. Types of Network Application Architectures
Type Example Description
Client-Server Web, Email, SSH Client requests services; server responds
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) BitTorrent, Skype All nodes can act as both client and server
Hybrid WhatsApp, Zoom Combines server-based login with P2P
media
✅ 5. Role of Sockets in Network Applications
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Sockets are the API used to enable communication between programs over a network.
Example (simplified):
c Copy Edit
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); // create TCP socket
connect(sockfd, ...); // connect to server send(sockfd, "Hello", 5, 0); //
send data recv(sockfd, buffer, 1024, 0); // receive data
✅ 6. Application Layer Protocols (Examples)
Protocol Used For Transport Protocol Secure?
HTTP Web browsing TCP No
HTTPS Secure web browsing TCP (with SSL/TLS) Yes
FTP File transfers TCP No
SFTP Secure file transfer TCP (via SSH) Yes
SMTP Sending email TCP No
IMAP Reading email TCP Optional
SSH Remote login TCP Yes
✅ 7. Why Study Network Applications?
They drive nearly all Internet activity
They show how network protocols are implemented
They help understand performance, security, and reliability
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