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DB-03 - Database Architecture

The document discusses the evolution of database management systems (DBMS) architecture from centralized systems to modular client-server architectures. It outlines the characteristics of centralized architecture and the client-server model, including specialized servers and client machines that connect via networks. Additionally, it describes two-tier and three-tier client-server architectures, highlighting their functionalities and security features.

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3 views18 pages

DB-03 - Database Architecture

The document discusses the evolution of database management systems (DBMS) architecture from centralized systems to modular client-server architectures. It outlines the characteristics of centralized architecture and the client-server model, including specialized servers and client machines that connect via networks. Additionally, it describes two-tier and three-tier client-server architectures, highlighting their functionalities and security features.

Uploaded by

misbahnaseer002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSI-406 Database Systems

Arfan Shahzad
{ [email protected] }
Database Architecture

• The architecture of DBMS packages has evolved from the early


monolithic systems, where the whole DBMS software package was
one tightly integrated system, to the modern DBMS packages that
are modular in design, with a client/server system architecture.
Database Architecture cont…

• This evolution reflects the trends in computing, where large


centralized mainframe computers are being replaced by hundreds of
distributed workstations and personal computers connected via
communications networks to various types of server machines:

• Web servers, Database servers, File servers, Application servers, and


so on.
Database Architecture cont…

• On the basis of above discussion, the database architecture is broadly


divided into two types:

1. Centralized Architecture

2. Client-Server Architecture
Database Architecture cont…
Centralized Architecture
• Centralized DBMS Architecture: Stand-alone (Independent) system,
combines everything into single system including- DBMS software,
hardware, application programs execution and user interface
processing software.
Database Architecture cont…
Centralized Architecture
Database Architecture cont…
Client-Server Architecture
• Basic Client-server architecture consists of:

• Specialized Servers with Specialized functions

• Clients

• DBMS Server
Database Architecture cont…
Client-Server Architecture (Specialized Servers with Specialized functions)
• A server is a system containing both hardware and software that can
provide services to the client machines, such as file access, printing,
archiving, or database access. These server may have types:
1. File Servers
2. Printer Servers
3. Web Servers
4. E-mail Servers, and so on.
Database Architecture cont…
Client-Server Architecture (Clients)
• A client in this framework is typically a user machine that provides
user interface capabilities and local processing.

• When a client requires access to additional functionality, such as


database access, that does not exist at that machine, it connects to a
server that provides the needed functionality.
Database Architecture cont…
Client-Server Architecture (Clients)
• Clients maybe diskless machines or PCs or Workstations with disks
with only the client software installed.

• Connected to the servers via some form of a network.

• (e.g.: LAN: local area network, wireless network, etc.)


Database Architecture cont…
Client-Server Architecture (DBMS Server)
• Provides database query and transaction services to the clients.

• Sometimes called query and transaction servers.

Clients and
Servers on
Network
Database Architecture cont…
Two tier Client-Server Architecture
• User Interface (UI) Programs and Application Programs run on the
client side.

• Interface called ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) provides an


Application program interface (API) allow client side programs to
call the DBMS.

• Most DBMS vendors provide ODBC drivers.


Database Architecture cont…
Two tier Client-Server Architecture
• A client program may connect to several DBMSs.

• Other variations of clients are possible: e.g., in some DBMSs, more


functionality is transferred to clients including data dictionary
functions, optimization and recovery across multiple servers, etc.

• In such situations the server may be called the Data Server.


Database Architecture cont…
Two tier Client-Server Architecture
Database Architecture cont…
Three tier Client-Server Architecture
• Three tier Client-Server architecture is most common for Web
applications.

• Intermediate Layer called Application Server/ Web Server responsible for:

• Stores the web connectivity software and the rules and business logic
(constraints) part of the application used to access the right amount of
data from the database server acts like a medium (conduit) for sending
partially processed data between the database server and the client.
Database Architecture cont…
Three tier Client-Server Architecture
• Additional Features- Security:

• Encrypt the data at the server before transmission

• Decrypt data at the client


Database Architecture cont…
Three tier Client-Server Architecture
Database Architecture cont…
Three tier Client-Server Architecture
• Additional Features- Security:

• Encrypt the data at the server before transmission

• Decrypt data at the client

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