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SQL and Databases Guide

The document provides an overview of SQL commands and terminology, including how to use SELECT, WHERE, and ORDER BY clauses. It explains the use of aggregate functions, GROUP BY, and the importance of conditions in queries. Additionally, it covers updating and inserting data into databases, as well as date and time functions.

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mncedisimalgas
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4 views9 pages

SQL and Databases Guide

The document provides an overview of SQL commands and terminology, including how to use SELECT, WHERE, and ORDER BY clauses. It explains the use of aggregate functions, GROUP BY, and the importance of conditions in queries. Additionally, it covers updating and inserting data into databases, as well as date and time functions.

Uploaded by

mncedisimalgas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 12 SQL and Databases

SQL General notes and Terminology.doc

Remember: Capital letters don’t matter, only spacing and spelling

SELECT <Field name>, <Field name 2> //* means all. So you can say SELECT*
FROM <Table name>
WHERE <Field name> <condtion> //eg: WHERE ReplacementValue between 100
ORDER BY <Field name> DESC/ASC, <Field name 2> DESC/ASC; //etc

DISTINCT
Unique fields are only displayed

WHERE condition clause

Unit 12 SQL and Databases 1


This is for the WHERE condition

<> or !=(without spaces- my phone is autocorrecting the sign

here is an explanation(make sure this is in your school profile)

https://www.ssir.co.za/mod/resource/view.php?id=10447

Limiting the Rows Selected for a query

to limit we use the WHERE condition

Unit 12 SQL and Databases 2


BETWEEN…AND…

IS NULL or IS NOT NULL

LIKE(Compares substrings and strings)

INSERT INTO

Unit 12 SQL and Databases 3


AND/OR Clause

Unit 12 SQL and Databases 4


Video: https://www.ssir.co.za/mod/resource/view.php?id=10448

For more just look at this Week https://www.ssir.co.za/course/view.php?


id=5&section=17

Updating Databases

UPDATE <Table Name>


SET <Field name> = <value1>, <Field name 2>=Field Name
WHERE <Field Name> <condition>

Inserting Databases

Unit 12 SQL and Databases 5


Creating an ALIAS(AS)

OR for multiple words, you put square brackets. Its good practice to not use
that and continue using the camel case convention

Unit 12 SQL and Databases 6


SELECT YEAR(fieldname) as [Year]

Select Description, UnitPrice, UnitPrice*1.05 as [NewPrice]


From tblItems

Aggregate functions(with AS alias function)


Aggregate means together, so it will display one record

SELECT <COST/SUM/AVG/MAX/MIN/COUNT>(field name) AS <New field na


FROM <Table name>

note: Count shows how many records are in the field. If a field is missing a
value it wont count it

HAVING-allows you to place a condition onto the Aggregate function

GROUP BY

The GROUP BY clause is used in SQL queries to group rows(records) that


have the same values in specified columns. This is particularly useful when
working with aggregate functions, as it allows you to perform calculations on
each group separately.

Example scenario

For example, you could use GROUP BY to find the total sales for each
product category, or the average salary for each department in a
company.

The GROUP BY clause is often used in conjunction with aggregate functions


like SUM, COUNT, AVG, MAX, or MIN. Here's a basic syntax example:

Unit 12 SQL and Databases 7


SELECT field1, field2, AGG_FUNCTION(field3)
FROM table_name
GROUP BY field1, field2;

This would group the results by field1 and field2, then apply the aggregate
function to field3 for each group of records.

Date and Time Function

SELECT*
FROM <tblName>
WHERE <fieldNameOfDateField> = or < or > #insertdate#

This makes a new field!

SELECT DATE()

Unit 12 SQL and Databases 8


Unit 12 SQL and Databases 9

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