Introduction to Pandas

Pandas is a name from “Panel Data” and is a Python library used for data
manipulation and analysis. Pandas provides a convenient way to analyze
and clean data.
The Pandas library introduces two new data structures to Python
- Series and DataFrame, both of which are built on top of NumPy.

Why Use Pandas?

1. Handle Large Data Efficiently
2. Tabular Data Representation
3. Data Cleaning and Preprocessing
4. Free and Open-Source

Install Pandas
To install pandas, you need Python and PIP installed in your system. If you
have Python and PIP installed already, you can install pandas by entering
the following command in the terminal:

pip install pandas

Import Pandas in Python

We can import Pandas in Python using the import statement.

import pandas as pd

The code above imports the pandas library into our program with the alias pd .

After this import statement, we can use Pandas functions and objects by
calling them with pd .
For example, you can use Pandas dataframe in your program
using pd.DataFrame() .

Pandas Series
A Pandas Series is a one-dimensional labeled array-like object that can
hold data of any type.

A Pandas Series can be thought of as a column in a spreadsheet or a

single column of a DataFrame. It consists of two main components: the
labels and the data.

For example,

0 'John'
1 30
2 6.2
3 False
dtype: object

Here, the series has two columns, labels (0, 1, 2 and 3) and data
( 'John' , 30 , 6.2 , False ).

Create a Pandas Series

There are multiple ways to create a Pandas Series, but the most common
way is by using a Python list. Let's see an example of creating a Series
using a list:
import pandas as pd

# create a list
data = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

# create a series from the list

my_series = pd.Series(data)
print(my_series)
Run Code

Output

0 10
1 20
2 30
3 40
4 50
dtype: int64

Labels
The labels in the Pandas Series are index numbers by default. Like in dataframe
and array, the index number in series starts from 0.

Such labels can be used to access a specified value. For example,

import pandas as pd

# create a list
data = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

# create a series from the list

my_series = pd.Series(data)

# display third value in the series

print(my_series[2])

Output

30

We can also specify labels while creating the series using

the index argument in the Series() method. For example,
import pandas as pd

# create a list
a = [1, 3, 5]

# create a series and specify labels

my_series = pd.Series(a, index = ["x", "y", "z"])

print(my_series)
Run Code

Output

x 1
y 3
z 5
dtype: int64

Create Series From a Python Dictionary

You can also create a Pandas Series from a Python dictionary. For
example,
import pandas as pd

# create a dictionary
grades = {"Semester1": 3.25, "Semester2": 3.28, "Semester3": 3.75}

# create a series from the dictionary

my_series = pd.Series(grades)
my_specific_series = pd.Series(grades, index = ["Semester1", "Semester2"])
# display the series
print(my_series)
print(“SPECIFIC SERIES -”)
print(my_specific_series)

Output

Semester1 3.25
Semester2 3.28
Semester3 3.75
dtype: float64
SPECIFIC SERIES -
Semester1 3.25
Semester2 3.28
dtype: float64
Accessing element of Series

There are two ways through which we can access element of series, they are :
1. Accessing Element from Series with Position : In order to access the series element
refers to the index number. Use the index operator [ ] to access an element in a series.
The index must be an integer. In order to access multiple elements from a series, we use
Slice operation.

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
# creating simple array
data = np.array(['g','e','e','k','s','f','o','r','g','e','e','k','s'])
ser = pd.Series(data)
#retrieve the first element
print(ser[:5])

OUTPUT –

2. Accessing Element Using Label (index) :

In order to access an element from series, we have to set values by index label. A Series is
like a fixed-size dictionary in that you can get and set values by index label.
Accessing a single element using index label

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
# creating simple array
data =
np.array(['g','e','e','k','s','f','o','r','g','e','e','k','s'])
ser =
pd.Series(data,index=[10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22])
# accessing a element using index element
print(ser[16])
Output :
o

Series object attributes

The Series attribute is defined as any information related to the Series object such as
size, datatype. etc. Below are some of the attributes that you can use to get the
information about the Series object:

Attributes Description

Series.index Defines the index of the Series.

Series.shape It returns a tuple of shape of the data.

Series.dtype It returns the data type of the data.

Series.size It returns the size of the data.

Series.empty It returns True if Series object is empty, otherwise returns false.

Series.hasnans It returns True if there are any NaN values, otherwise returns false.

Series.nbytes It returns the number of bytes in the data.

Series.ndim It returns the number of dimensions in the data.

Series.itemsize It returns the size of the datatype of item.

Example - Retrieving Index array , data array ,Types (dtype) and

Size of Type (itemsize) of a series object

1. import numpy as np
2. import pandas as pd
3. x=pd.Series(data=[2,4,6,8])
4. y=pd.Series(data=[11.2,18.6,22.5], index=['a','b','c'])
 5. print(x.index)
6. print(x.values)
7. print(y.index)
8. print(y.values)
9. print(x.dtype)
10. print(x.itemsize)
11. print(y.dtype)
12. print(y.itemsize)

Output

RangeIndex(start=0, stop=4, step=1)

[2 4 6 8]
Index(['a', 'b', 'c'], dtype='object')
[11.2 18.6 22.5]
int64
8
float64
8

Retrieving Dimension, Size and Number of bytes:

1. import numpy as np
2. import pandas as pd
3. a=pd.Series(data=[1,2,3,4])
4. b=pd.Series(data=[4.9,8.2,5.6],
5. index=['x','y','z'])
6. print(a.ndim, b.ndim)
7. print(a.size, b.size)
8. print(a.nbytes, b.nbytes)

Output

1 1
4 3
32 24
Checking Emptiness and Presence of NaNs
To check the Series object is empty, you can use the empty attribute. Similarly, to
check if a series object contains some NaN values or not, you can use
the hasans attribute.

Example

1. import numpy as np
2. import pandas as pd
3. a=pd.Series(data=[1,2,3,np.NaN])
4. b=pd.Series(data=[4.9,8.2,5.6],index=['x','y','z'])
5. c=pd.Series()
6. print(a.empty,b.empty,c.empty)
7. print(a.hasnans,b.hasnans,c.hasnans)
8. print(len(a),len(b))
9. print(a.count( ),b.count( ))

Output

False False True

True False False
4 3
3 3

CRUD OPERATION ON PANDA SERIES –

import pandas as pd

Phymarks = pd.Series([70,80,90,100])

print printing the original Series”)

print(Phymarks)

print(“Accessing the first element”)

print(Phymarks[0]) #Read operation

print(“Modifying the first element as 57”)

phymarks[0]=57 #Update operation

print(Phymarks)

print(“Deleting an element”)

del Phymarks[3] # delete operation

print(Phymarks)

print(“print marks greater than 80”)

print(Phymarks[Phymarks>80])

Output –
Printing the original Series
0 70
1 80
2 90
3 100
dtype : int64
Accessing the first element
70
Modifying the first element as 57
0 57
1 80
2 90
3 100
dtype:int64
Deleting an element
0 57
1 80
2 90
dtype:int64
Print marks greater than 80
2 90
dtype: int64