Endocrine System

A. Fill in the blanks of the followings :

1. Control and coordination of various activities of body take place due to -------- and endocrine system.
2. Hormones are secreted directly into the --------
3. ADH is secreted by the ------ gland.
4. Oxytocin causes contraction of the --------.
5. Hypothyroidism in adults leads to --------.
6. The ------- is known as the emergency hormone.
7. Addison’s disease is caused due to hyposecretion of --------- gland.
8. Cretinism in children is caused due to the deficiency of --------.
9. Hormones are the ------ substances which help to coordinate the functions of body.
10. Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans produce --------.
11. Deficiency of insulin results in ---------.
12. Pancreas is an example of -------- gland.
13. Thyroid gland is located close to ---------.
14. Oversecretion of somatorrophic hormone in children leads to ---------.
15. Follicle stimulating hormone is produced by --------.
16. Exophthalmic goitre is caused due to the ------- of thyroid gland.
17. Cortex and Medulla are the two region -------- gland.
18. ------- is exocrine as well as endocrine.
19. Growth hormone is released by the -------- pituitary.
20. Adrenaline is released by ----------.

B. Name the followings :

1. A hormone secreted by beta cells of Islet of Langerhans.

2. A condition caused due to oversecretion of insulin.
3. A gland which is called master gland.
4. A gland which produces emergency hormone.
5. A gland which is exocrine as well as endocrine in function.
6. A condition caused due to oversecretion of thyroxine.
7. A disease caused by the oversecretion of GH in children.
8. A structure that control the master gland.
9. A hormone of pituitary gland which controls the activity of adrenal gland.
10. The hormone that control the basal metabolic rate.
11. The hormone contains iodine.
12. The organ produces digestive enzymes and hormones.
13. The hormone which is responsible for ejecting milk from the mammary glands.
14. The deficiency of hormone during early infancy causes cretinism.
15. The organ produces a hormone which stimulates thyroxine production.
16. The pituitary hormone which stimulates contraction of uterus during child birth.

C. Very Short Answer Type Questions :

1. What is endocrinology ?
2. Some adult women develop facial hair. What may be the cause of it?
3. Why are the chemical signals of hormones slower than the never impulses?
4. Name the parts of human body in which the following endocrine glands are located :
(a) Adrenal
 (b) Pituitary
5. Name the following conditions :
(a) Passage of much glucose in urine. (b) Overdose of insulin makes the diabetic patient
unconscious.
6. Why are hormones called chemical messenger?
7. What is diabetic insipidus? What is the cause of diabetes mellitus?
8. Differentiate between the followings :
(a) Dwarfism and Gigantism
(b) Cretinism and Myxoedema
(c) Simple goitre and Exophthalmic goitre.
(d) Adrenal cortex and Adrenal Medulla
9. What is goitre? Why is it common in certain areas?
10. State three characteristics of hormones?
11. Name three organs that are endocrine as well as exocrine in function. Also name their endocrine
secretions?
12. What is the function of somatorropic hormone? Name the disease caused due to the hypersecretion
and hyposecretion of this hormone?
13. Give the category and select the odd one out :
(a) Goitre, Dwarfism, Cataract, acromegaly
(b) TSH,ADH,ATP, ACTH
(c) Adrenal, Liver, pituitary, thyroid
(d) ACTH, TSH, ADH, FSH
14. Name the hormone produced by the following glands. In each case, state one function of the
hormone :
(a) Thyroid (b) Pancreas (c) Adrenal medulla
15. Explain the following :
(a) Role of insulin in maintaining blood sugar level.
(b) Acceleration of body growth during puberty.
(c) Regulation of secondary sexual characters puberty.
(d) Some ladies develop beard, moustache and a masculine voice.
(e) Mouth dries up and heartbeat increases during maiden speech.
(f) Milk is secreted from the breast of the mother during sucking by the infant
16. What will happen if :
(a) Adrenal gland is removed. (b) Blood sugar level falls. (c) Thyroid gland does not function
properly.

D. Long Answer Type Questions :

1. Name the hormones which lead to the following conditions :

(a) Diabetes mellitus (b) Growth of beard in woman (c) Myxoedema

(d) Gigantism (e) Exophthalmic goitre
2. The pituitary gland produces a hormone which controls the amount of water in the blood :

(a) What is the name of the hormone.

(b) What effect would more of this hormone being produced have on the urine.
(c) Suggest why the body needs to reabsorb more water.
(d) Why are hormonal reactions generally slower the nervous reactions.
3. Explain briefly :

(a) The pituitary gland is called the master gland. (b) Adrenaline is also known as emergency
hormone.
(b) Insulin is injected in the body of highly diabetic patients and not given orally.
(c) Older people tends to feel more cold. (d) Iodine rich food must be included in our diet.

4. Given below is an outline diagram of human body :

(a) Label the parts numbered 1 to 6.

(b) Give functions of any three endocrine glands.
(c) Name a gland which acts both as exocrine and endocrine gland.

5. Given below is the diagram of an endocrine gland. Observe the

diagram and answer the following questions :

(a) Label the parts 1 to 3.

(b) Name the hormone secreted by part -2
(c) Which chemicals in our body are greatly affected by hormones.
(d) What is the chemical nature of hormones?
(e) Name the chemical element related with the functioning of
hormone secreted by the structure.

6. What is the feedback mechanism? Explain with example ?

7. Complete the following table by filling the blanks numbered 1 to 10 :

Gland Secretion Effect on the body

1.-------- Oestrogen 2.----------

2. Alpha cells of Pancreas 3. --------- 4. ----------
5. --------- 6. ---------- Protruding eyes
Beta cells of Pancreas 7. -------- 8. ----------
9. --------- 10. ------- Gigantism

8. The diagram given below represents the location and structure of an endocrine gland. Study the
same and answer the following questions :\

(a) Name the endocrine gland shown in the diagram.

(b) Name the secretion of the gland which regulates basal metabolism.
(c) Name the mineral element required for the synthesis of the above
mentioned hormone.
(d) Name the disease caused due to under secretion of the above mentioned
hormone in children.
(e) Name the disease caused due to hypersecretion of the above mentioned
hormone.
9. Study the diagram given below and then answer the following questions :

(a) Name the cells of the pancreas that

produce (i) Glucagon (ii) Insulin
(b) State the function of (i) Insulin (ii) Glucagon
(c) Why is insulin not given orally but is
injected into the body.
(d) What is the technical term for the cells of
the pancreas that produce endocrine
hormones.
(e) Why is the pancreas referred to as an exo-endocrine gland.

10. Give aside an outline of the human body showing the important glands :

(a) Name the glands marked 1 to 5

(b) Name the hormone secreted by 2. Give one important

function of this hormone.

(c) Name the endocrine cells present in Part – 3

(d) Name the hormone secreted by Part – 4. Give one

important function of this hormone.

11. Complete the following paragraph by filling in the banks (a) to (e)
with appropriate words :

The amount of urine output is under regulation of a hormone called (a) ------- secreted by the (b) -----
lobe of the pituitary gland. If this hormone secretion is reduced, there is an increased production of
urine. This disorder is called (c) --------. Sometimes excess glucose is passed with urine due to
hyposecretion of another hormone called (d) -------- leading to the cause of a disease called -------.