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Init and STR Methods Python

__init__ and __str__ are special dunder methods in Python that control object behavior. The __init__ method initializes an object's attributes upon creation, while __str__ provides a user-friendly string representation when the object is printed. Both methods enhance the usability and readability of objects in Python programming.

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17 views2 pages

Init and STR Methods Python

__init__ and __str__ are special dunder methods in Python that control object behavior. The __init__ method initializes an object's attributes upon creation, while __str__ provides a user-friendly string representation when the object is printed. Both methods enhance the usability and readability of objects in Python programming.

Uploaded by

Sumadhur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Special Methods in Python: __init__ and __str__

Python has special methods called dunder methods (double underscore), like __init__ and __str__.

These methods control object behavior.

__init__ Method - The Constructor

- What it does: Initializes an object's attributes when it is created.

- When it runs: Automatically called when you create an object using the class.

Example:

class Student:

def __init__(self, name, age):

self.name = name

self.age = age

s1 = Student("Amit", 15)

print(s1.name) # Output: Amit

print(s1.age) # Output: 15

Notes:

- __init__ is optional but commonly used.

- The first parameter is always self (refers to the current object).

__str__ Method - String Representation

- What it does: Returns a readable string when you print an object.

- When it runs: Automatically called when using print() or str() on the object.
Example:

class Student:

def __init__(self, name, age):

self.name = name

self.age = age

def __str__(self):

return f"Student Name: {self.name}, Age: {self.age}"

s1 = Student("Amit", 15)

print(s1) # Output: Student Name: Amit, Age: 15

Notes:

- Without __str__, print shows a memory address.

- Helps make object output user-friendly.

Quick Comparison Table:

| Method | Purpose | When It's Called |

|------------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------|

| __init__ | Initializes object attributes | When an object is created |

| __str__ | Returns readable string of object | When print() or str() is used |

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