Assignment 02

1. A clothing store keeps track of customer purchases. They find that all customers buy at least
one shirt. 60% of customers buy more than one item, 30% buy a blue shirt, and 10% buy
more than one shirt including a blue shirt. What is the probability a random customer only
buys a shirt that is not blue?

2. A fair coin and a five-sided dice are tossed at a times, and the sequence of outcomes are
observed. Let the events 𝐴 = {head in the coin and 2 or 4 in the dice}, find 𝑃(𝐴).

3. Consider 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.38 and 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.42 to find 𝑃(𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵 ′ ) such that 𝐴 and 𝐵 are of the
mutually exclusive events. Also, find 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ′ ) considering 𝐴 and 𝐵 as independent events.

4. Complete the following table and hence compute 𝑃(𝐴2 ), 𝑃(𝐴1 |𝐵2), 𝑃(𝐴1 |𝐵2 ), 𝑃(𝐵2 |𝐴1 ),
𝑃(𝐴2 ∩ 𝐵1 ), and 𝑃(𝐴1 ∪ 𝐵2 ).
𝑛(𝐴1 ) 𝑛(𝐴2 ) Total
𝑛(𝐵1 ) 25 65
𝑛(𝐵2 )
Total 80 150

5. A fair coin and a four-sided die are launched at a time. If 𝐴 = {𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑒} and
𝐵 = {ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑛}, determine whether they are conditional or independent? Also, find
𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ′ ), when 𝐴 and 𝐵 are mutually exclusive.

6. A fair dice rolled twice. The event 𝑅 is such that the sum of the two outcomes is 7. The event
𝑆 is such that the product of the two outcomes is 12. Find the probability of 𝑅 and 𝑆. Are
events 𝑅 and 𝑆 independent? Justify your answer.

7. If 3 worker independently try to complete a task with the probability of success 0.7, 0.8, and
0.6, respectively. What is the probability of the (i) task will not be completed (ii) every
worker will complete the task (iii) only the second worker will complete the work?

8. In a software development team, three programmers contribute to 35%, 40%, and 25% of
the total code developed in a project cycle. Their respective coding efficiencies are 92%,
97%, and 95%. If a bug is detected in the code, what is the probability that it originated from
the work of the second programmer?

9. The glucometer is a tool to rapidly test diabetes. Of the people appearing in the test, 12% of
them false-positive while 9% of them false-negative. If the people in Bangladesh 5% have
diabetes, find the probability of a person suffering from diabetes, when he/she tests negative
in the test.

10. Consider 𝐸[𝑋] = −0.05 to find unknown values from the following table.
𝑥 −2 −1 0 1 2
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) 0.2 𝑎 0.1 0.3 𝑏
 Assignment 02

11. Consider 𝐸[𝑋] = −0.05 to find unknown values from the following table.
𝑥 −2 −1 𝑎 1 2
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) 0.2 0.25 0.1 𝑏 0.15

12. Consider 𝐸[𝑋] = −0.05 and 𝐸[𝑋 2 ] = 1.95 to find unknown values from the following table.
𝑥 𝑎 −1 0 𝑏 2
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) 0.2 0.25 0.1 0.3 0.15

13. Line graph of a discrete random variable 𝑋 is given in the figure below.

(a). Find the pmf of the probability distribution of 𝑋.

(b). Find the mean of 𝑋.
(c). By inspection find the median and mode of 𝑋.
(d). What is the mgf of 𝑋?

14. Suppose there are 5 defective items in a lot of 50 items. A sample of size 5 is taken at
random without replacement. Let 𝑋 denote the number of defective items in the sample. Find
the probability that the sample contains (i) at most two defective item (ii) all defective items.
𝑥
15. Let the random variable 𝑋 have the pmf 𝑓(𝑥) = 10 ; 𝑥 = 1, 2, 3, 4. Compute 𝑃(𝑋 < 3),
𝐸(𝑋 2 + 5), and 𝑉(1 − 3𝑋). Also, sketch the line graph of 𝑋.

16. Suppose that 80% of employees in a certain company are proficient in using a particular
software tool. In a random sample of 15 employees, let 𝑋 be the number of proficient
employees. Assuming independence, how is 𝑋 distributed? Find the mgf of 𝑋. Also, compute
𝑃(𝑋 < 3) and 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 4).

17. Let engaging in research is independently distributed. A group of 10 students are selected at
random with probability of engaging in research 0.4. Find the probability that more than 2
students engaged in research. Also, evaluate the variance of the corresponding distribution?

18. Let 𝑋 have a Poisson distribution with a standard deviation of 2. Find 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 1).

19. If 𝑋 has a Poisson distribution such that 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) = 2𝑃(𝑋 = 2), evaluate 𝑃(𝑋 = 5). Also,
find the standard deviation of the distribution.
 Assignment 02

20. Flaws in a certain type of drapery material appear on the average of one in 120 square feet. If
we assume a Poisson distribution, find the probability of no more than one flaw appearing in
60 square feet.

21. Identify which of the following could represent a probability density function (pdf). If it
could not be probability density function state why, and if it could then give the value of 𝑘.
𝑘𝑥(𝑥 − 2); 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
𝑓(𝑥) = {
0; otherwise
𝑘𝑥(4 − 𝑥); 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
𝑓(𝑥) = {
0; otherwise

1
22. Let the random variable 𝑋 have the pdf 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑒 1−2𝑥 ; 𝑥 ≥ 2, find the cdf and hence the 3rd
decile of the distribution.
3
23. Let 𝑓(𝑦) = 2 𝑦 2 ; −1 < 𝑦 < 1 be the pdf of a continuous random variable 𝑌. Find and
sketch the cdf of 𝑌. Find 𝑃(𝑌 ≥ 0.5) and 𝑃65 of 𝑌.

24. Let 𝑋 have the pdf 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥−1 ; 𝑥 > −1. Find mean, median, variance, standard deviation
and 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 1).

25. A random variable 𝑇 that is representing the time in hour for the duration daily traffic jam in
the Dhaka metropolitan is distributed 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑘(3𝑡 − 𝑡 2 ); 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 3.
(a). Find the value of the constant 𝑘.
(b). Find the standard deviation of the duration of the traffic jam.
(c). Find the probability that the duration of the traffic jam more than 1 hour.
(d). Find the mode time of duration of the traffic jam.

26. A continuous random variable 𝑋 has the cdf as

0; 𝑥<5
𝑥−5
𝐹(𝑥) = { ; 5 ≤ 𝑥 < 10
5
1; 𝑥 ≥ 10

(a). Identify the distribution and write the pdf of 𝑋.

(b). Estimate 𝑃(3 < 𝑋 < 12).
(c). Find the mean and the variance of 𝑋.
 Assignment 02

𝑒 4𝑡 −1
; 𝑡 ≠ 0 is the mgf of the random variable 𝑋 satisfies uniform distribution.
27. Let 𝑀(𝑡) = { 4𝑡
1 ;𝑡 = 0
Find the cdf and hence the median of the distribution.

28. Complains come to a police station according to a Poisson process on the average of 5 in
every hour. Let 𝑋 denote the waiting time in minutes until the first complain comes at a
certain office hour. Find 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 4) and 𝑃(𝑋 < 6). Also, estimate the median and mgf of the
distribution.

29. Investigators visit at a company at a mean rate of 5 per 2 hours. Assuming that the number of
visits per hour has a Poisson process, find the probability of waiting at most 3 hours for the
first investigator. What are the median and mgf of the distribution? Also, estimate the mean
and standard deviation of the distribution.

30. If 𝑋 is a normal variable with 𝑁(18,25), then (i) Evaluate 𝑃(42.6 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 55.8) (ii) Find a
constant 𝑘 such that 𝑃(|𝑍| ≥ 𝑘) = 0.0456. Also, find −𝑍0.9656 .

31. The time, X minutes, taken by Fred Fast to install a satellite dish may be assumed to be a
normal random variable with mean 134 and standard deviation 16.
(a). Determine 𝑃(𝑋 < 150).
(b). Determine, to one decimal place, the time exceeded by 10% of installations.

32. The weights of bags of red gravel may be modeled by a normal distribution with mean 25.8
Kg and standard deviation 0.5 Kg.
(a). Determine the probability that a randomly selected bag of red gravel will weigh:
(i) Less than 25 Kg.
(ii) Between 25.5 Kg and 26.5 Kg.
(iii)More than 28 Kg.
(b). Determine, to two decimal places, exceeded by 75% of bags.

2
33. Assume 𝑀(𝑡) = 𝑒 24𝑡+50𝑡 is the mgf of a normal variable 𝑋, then (i) find a constant 𝑘 such
that 𝑃(𝑍 ≥ 𝑘) = 0.025 (ii) evaluate 𝑃(𝑋 < 40.2). Also, find −𝑍0.05 .
2
34. Consider the mgf of a normal variate 𝑋 is defined as 𝑀(𝑡) = 𝑒 −8𝑡+2𝑡 . Find 𝑃(𝑋 < −5) and
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ −10). Also, find the value of 𝑐 such that 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 𝑐) = 0.725.

35. In a certain machine-learning conference, an author delivered a talk to 400 people and half of
them responded at the end of the session. If 120 responses were positive. Find an
approximate 95% confidence interval for the fraction 𝑝 of the people who are being
encouraged by the speaker.
 Assignment 02

36. Let 𝑋 equal the dirt in kg per day produced by a typical family in Dhaka city. Suppose the
standard deviation of 𝑋 is 2 kg. To estimate the mean 𝜇 of 𝑋, an agency took a random
sample of 100 families and found they produced 0.5 metric ton of dirt every day. Find an
approximate 95% confidence interval for 𝜇.

37. A manufacturer produces a new cooker and they claimed that it will reduce the fuel cost in
half with 90% accuracy. Now design decision rule for the process with significance 0.05 by
testing the cooker to 50 customers.

38. Design a decision rule to test the hypothesis that a deck of playing cards is fair if we take a
sample of 120 trials of the cards to get black/red and use 10% as the level of significance.
Predict the acceptance and critical region.

39. A company produces mosquito killing bat whose average lifetime is 360. days and average
variation 60 days. It is claimed that in a newly developed process the mean lifetime can be
increased. Design a decision rule for 100 samples with 0.1 significance. If the new process
has increased the mean lifetime to 375 days, assuming a sample of 120 bats with estimated
lifetime 370 days, find 𝛼 and 𝛽. Again, a sample of 80 bats is tested and it is found that the
average lifetime is 368 days. Find the 𝑝 −value of the test.

40. A company produces electric bulbs whose average life time is 180 days and average
variation 10 days. It is claimed that, in a newly developed process the mean life time can be
increased.
(a). Design a decision rule for the process at the 0.05 significance to test 100 bulbs.
(b). What about the decision if the average life time of a bulb (i) 184 days (ii) 187 days?
(c). If the new process has increased the mean life time to 185 days. Find 𝛼 and 𝛽 for the
estimated mean 183 days for 80 samples.
(d). If the estimated average life time for 55 samples is 184 days, find the 𝑝 −value of the
claim of the manufacturer.