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python data types

print (counter)
print (miles)
print (name)
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Multiple Assignment Example:
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a = b = c = 1
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
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Multiple Assignment Example:
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a,b,c = 1,2,"anil"
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
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Basic �Data Types
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1. Numbers
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2. String
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3. List
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4. Tuple
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5. Dictionary
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Numbers
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Number data types store numeric values. Number objects are created when
you assign a value to them.
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var1 = 1
var2 = 10
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You can also delete the reference to a number object by using the
del statement
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del var1
del var1,var2
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Numerical Types
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int (signed integers)
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long (long integers,can also be represented in octal and hexadecimal)
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float (floating point real values)
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complex (complex numbers)
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int Examples:
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10 100 -786 080 -0490 -0x260 0x69
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long Examples:
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51924361L -0x19323L 0122L 0xDEFABCECBDAECBFBAEl
535633629843L -052318172735L -4721885298529L
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float Examples:
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0.0 15.20 -21.9 32.3+e18 -90. -32.54e100
70.2-E12
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complex
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3.14j 45.j 9.322e-36j .876j -.6545+0J 3e+26J 4.53e-7j
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Python allows you to use a lowercase "l" with long, but it is recommended
that you use only an uppercase "L" to avoid confusion with the number 1.
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Python displays long integers with an uppercase L.
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A complex number consists of an ordered pair of real floating-point
numbers denoted by x + yj, where x and y are the real numbers and j is
the imaginary unit.
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Strings
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Strings in Python are identified as a contiguous set of characters
represented in the quotation marks.
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Python allows for either pairs of single or double quotes.
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Subsets of strings can be taken using the slice operator ([ ] and [:] )
with indexes starting at 0 in the beginning of the string and working
their way from -1 at the end.
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The plus (+) sign is the string concatenation operator and the
asterisk (*) is the repetition operator
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String Example:
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str = 'Hello World!'
print (str) # Prints complete string
print (str[0]) # Prints first character of string
print (str[2:5]) # Prints characters starting from 3rd to 5th
print (str[2:]) # Prints string starting from 3rd character
print (str * 2) # Prints string two times
print (str + "TEST") # Prints concatenated string
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Lists
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Lists are the most versatile of Python's compound data types.
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A list contains items separated by commas and enclosed within square
brackets ([]).
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To some extent, lists are similar to arrays in C.
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One difference between them is that all the items belonging to a list can
be of different data type.
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The values stored in a list can be accessed using the slice operator ([ ]
and [:]) with indexes starting at 0 in the beginning of the list
and working their way to end -1.
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The plus (+) sign is the list concatenation operator, and the asterisk
(*) is the repetition operator.
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List Example:
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list = [ 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'mba', 70.2 ]
tinylist = [123, 'mca']
print (list) # Prints complete list
print (list[0]) # Prints first element of the list
print (list[1:3]) # Prints elements starting from 2nd till 3rd
print (list[2:]) # Prints elements starting from 3rd element
print (tinylist * 2) # Prints list two times
print (list + tinylist) # Prints concatenated lists
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A tuple is another sequence data type that is similar to the list.
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A tuple consists of a number of values separated by commas.
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Unlike lists, however, tuples are enclosed within parentheses.
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The main differences between lists and tuples are:
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Lists are enclosed in brackets ( [ ] ) and their elements and size can be
changed, while tuples are enclosed in parentheses ( ( ) ) and cannot
be updated.
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Tuples can be thought of as�read-only�lists.
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Tuples Example:
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tuple = ( 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'mba', 70.2 )
tinytuple = (123, 'mca')
print (tuple) # Prints complete list
print (tuple[0]) # Prints first element of list
print (tuple[1:3]) # Prints elements starting from 2nd till 3rd
print (tuple[2:]) # Prints elements starting from 3rd element
print (tinytuple * 2) # Prints list two times
print (tuple + tinytuple) # Prints concatenated lists
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The following code is invalid with tuple, because we attempted to update
a tuple, which is not allowed.
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Similar case is possible with lists
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Tuples Example: error will generated
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tuple = ( 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'mba', 70.2 )
list = [ 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'mca', 70.2 ]
tuple[2] = 1000 # Invalid syntax with tuple
list[2] = 1000 # Valid syntax with list
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Dictionary
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Python's dictionaries are kind of hash table type.
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They work like associative arrays or hashes found in Perl and consist of
key-value pairs.
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A dictionary key can be almost any Python type, but are usually numbers
or strings.
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Values, on the other hand, can be any arbitrary Python object.
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Dictionaries are enclosed by curly braces ({ }) and values can be assigned
and accessed using square braces ([]).
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Dictionary Example:
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dict = {}
dict['one'] = "This is one"
dict[2] = "This is two"
tinydict = {'name': 'mba','code':6734, 'dept': 'sales'}
print (dict['one']) # Prints value for 'one' key
print (dict[2]) # Prints value for 2 key
print (tinydict) # Prints complete dictionary
print (tinydict.keys()) # Prints all the keys
print (tinydict.values()) # Prints all the values
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Data Type Conversion
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you may need to perform conversions between the built-in types
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To convert between types, you simply use the type name as a function.
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There are several built-in functions to perform conversion from one data
type to another.
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These functions return a new object representing the converted value.
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1. int(x [,base])
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Converts x to an integer. base specifies the base if x is a string.
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2. long(x [,base] )
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Converts x to a long integer.
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base specifies the base if x is a string.
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3. float(x)
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Converts x to a floating-point number.
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4. complex(real [,imag])
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Creates a complex number.
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5. str(x)
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Converts object x to a string representation.
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6. repr(x)
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Converts object x to an expression string.
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7. eval(str)
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Evaluates a string and returns an object.
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8. tuple(s)
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Converts s to a tuple.
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9. list(s)
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Converts s to a list.
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10. set(s)
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Converts s to a set.
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11. dict(d)
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Creates a dictionary. d must be a sequence of (key,value) tuples.
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12. frozenset(s)
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Converts s to a frozen set.
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13 chr(x)
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Converts an integer to a character.
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14. unichr(x)
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Converts an integer to a Unicode character.
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15. ord(x)
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Converts a single character to its integer value.
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16. hex(x)
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Converts an integer to a hexadecimal string.
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17. oct(x)
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Converts an integer to an octal string.
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