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Module 2 Assignment

The document discusses fire as a chemical reaction known as combustion, detailing its components, phases, and factors influencing its behavior. It outlines various classes of fire and appropriate extinguishing agents for each, as well as the steps to take upon discovering a fire. Additionally, it explains fire hazards and the types of flammable materials, emphasizing the importance of understanding fire dynamics for effective firefighting and safety measures.

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jaycelc.catubuan
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3 views6 pages

Module 2 Assignment

The document discusses fire as a chemical reaction known as combustion, detailing its components, phases, and factors influencing its behavior. It outlines various classes of fire and appropriate extinguishing agents for each, as well as the steps to take upon discovering a fire. Additionally, it explains fire hazards and the types of flammable materials, emphasizing the importance of understanding fire dynamics for effective firefighting and safety measures.

Uploaded by

jaycelc.catubuan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aquila-#13 CATUBUAN, Jaycel C.

Module 2 Assignment

FIRE AS A CHEMICAL REACTION


Fire is a chemical reaction known as combustion, fire is one of the most dangerous accident
that can occur in a vessel as it can spread, and worst explode the vessel. Fire occurs when the
Fuel, Oxygen, and Heat come together and creates chemical reaction. it produces heat, light,
and smoke, fire will not exist when one of the components of the fire Tetrahedron does not
exist.

Components of fire Tetrahedron:


OXYGEN - Usually the air, helps the combustion.
HEAT - The ignition to start a fire, usually this is the
only component that starts fire.
FUEL - Any combustible material such as (Paper,
Oil, Gasoline, Electric motors etc. )
CHEMICAL REACTION - Continuos reaction when fire start.

When fire occurs it does not only stay in one place, it will spread and burn everything that can
be burned inlcuding those fuel that can be burned in Class A, B, C, D, K.
fire has different major phases:

IGNITION OF FIRE - It is the start of fire. Where all components are complete, and starts to
burn

SPREADING OF FIRE - This is the most crucial part of stage, because this is where it starts to
burn everything that can be burned. and reach some explosive materials as it spreads.

FULLY DEVELOPED - Where the fire is big and need immediate response from the firefighting
team.

DECAYING - Where the fuel and oxygen are almost limited, and all the fuel are turned to ash,
where the fire is out.

When fire starts it does not only rely on what fuel or oxygen it can get, it also rely on factors
that can support the fire and change its behavior from getting fully developed and spread in
any area of the room.

Factors that influence a fires behavior:

TYPE OF FUEL - Any Solid, Liquid, or Gases that can be a fuel depending on the material, it
changes the fire behavior by influencing burn rate and intensity.

THE DIMENSIONS OF COMPARTMENTS - Depending on the size of the room it determines how
the smoke and fire build up concentration.
OXYGEN - The oxygen supports the fire, but depending on how much oxygen the fire is
exposed to, the faster it spreads.

HUMIDITY/MOISTURE - Moisture is wet which makes fire spread slowly, while dry fuels are
highly flammable and can increase the rate and intensity of the burn.

MATERIALS PRESENT - There are also materials that can be highly flammable and fire resistant
material, which reflects the fires behavior towards materials that are present in the area.

There are different types of fire ignition depending on its fuel, as well as there are specific
types of agents to be used for puting out the fire. they are called CLASSES which gives the
specific types agents to stop a fire.

Types of Fire extinguishing agents:

CLASS A: A class that burns ordinary solid materials,


such as Paper, Cardboard, Wood etc. there are agents
used to stop the fire such as Dry powder, Water, Foam.
you cant use other agents besides the given, because
it has a possibility that can support the fire.

CLASS B: Burns gases such as LPG, LNG,


Acetylene etc. it can also burn liquids like
Gasoline, Diesel, etc. when fire starts
there are also agents can be used like
CO2, and Dry powder.

CLASS C: Classified as burning electricity


due to Overheat, Open wire, Overload etc.
Agents used to stop the burning
electricity Dry chemical, Dry powder, CO2.
besides the given agents, no other agents
should be used specially water.

CLASS D: Chemical reaction (Fire)


between metallic material such as
Rhodium, Potassium, Titanium, Sodium
etc. Agents used to stop the fire Dry
powder, Dry Chemical. no other agents
should be used because of the possibility
of supporting the fire.
CLASS K: Classified as galley (Kitchen) fire
because of burning Oil or Fats which is
common to start a fire in a kitchen. Agents
used such as Wet chemical, or Purple K
that can only be found in a kitchen.

A fire hazard is an occurence of materials, or chemical reaction that increases the chance of
fire starting when ignited. fire can spread and decay any materials it touches and difficult to
control. examples of fire hazards Overloaded electrical circuits, Improper storage of
flammable materials, Open flames near combustible substances.

Flammable substances are substances that can easily burn and decay from the fire, this serves
as a fuel to heat for ignition of the fire. they are classified based on their physical state and
how they behave when exposed to heat or an ignition source.

Kinds of flammable materials:

FLAMMABLE SOLIDS - This are materials that can decay


faster when exposed in fire, examples of this materials are
Paper, wood, cardboard, foam etc. this materials can
smolder and ignited when exposed to heat.

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - Are kinds of liquids that release


flammable vapors which can ignite when mixed with air and
exposed to a spark or flame, examples of this materials are
gasoline, diesel, paint thinner, alcohol, acetone etc.

FLAMMABLE GASES - gases that are exposed to oxygen and


starts a fire when exposed to heat, such as LPG (liquefied
petroleum gas), methane, acetylene, hydrogen etc. Invisible
and explosive may accumulate in confined spaces.

COMBUSTIBLE METALS - Reactive metals that ignite at high


temperatures or react with water or air, such as Sodium,
potassium, magnesium, titanium etc. Require special
extinguishing agents except water can cause violent
reactions.
FLAMMABLE OILS/GREASE - High temperature oils and
greases, especially in cooking and machinery when
exposed to air and ignited it can start fire, examples of this
are Cooking oil, lubricants, hydraulic fluid etc. can cause
Class B or K fires when the fuel is not properly
extinguished and reignites.

 fire hazard is more likely to occur when certain unsafe conditions or practices exist that
A
allow the elements of the fire tetrahedron fuel, heat, oxygen, and chain reaction to come
together. These conditions increase the risk of fire starting, spreading, or becoming
uncontrollable.

When fire started there are steps to follow or priority action when fire are dicovered.

Actions to follow upon fire discovery:

ACTION 1: Go to near fire alarm and Raise the fire alarm


and Shout "FIRE FIRE FIRE" or manual call point to alert
the crew.

ACTION 2: Report the exact location and type fire to the


bridge, or officer of the using internal communication
system via Walkie-talkie, Telephone, PA.

ACTION 3: the master or chief mate will do a head count


muster list and attempt initial firefighting when fire is not
yet dangerous use the nearest appropriate fire
extinguisher or fire hose to contain the fire, only if it is not
dangerous and safe to do.

ACTION 4: If the fire cannot be controlled, evacuate the


area, close doors to prevent the fire from spreading, and
avoid inhaling smoke.

ACTION 5: Report to your muster station, await


instructions, and assist others if required as per the ship’s
fire and emergency plan.
Fire fighting agents are substances used to extinguish fires by removing one or more elements
of the fire tetrahedron: heat, fuel, oxygen, or chemical chain reaction. Each agent is selected
based on the class of fire involved.

Types of extinguishing agents:

WATER: Used to cool down and reduce fire, this agent is


used on class A fuels such as Wood, Paper, Cardboard
and other ordinary combustible materials. should not be
used in flammable liquids or electrical fires as electricity
can adapt to water and increase risk of electrocution.

FOAM: Creates blanket over flammable liquids,


suppressing the oxygen and vapor release. this agents
are used in Class B flammable liquids such as Gasoline,
Diesel, Alcohol etc. there are specific extinguisher like
AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam), Alcohol-resistant
foam.

DRY CHEMICAL POWDER: This agent is a multi-purpose


extinguishing agent which is safer to use in Class A, B, C
fires such as Solid, Liquid, Gases, Burning electricity.
there are specific uses of ABC powder (ammonium
phosphate) and BC powder (sodium bicarbonate). this
agent has advantage on non-conductive and electricity
fires.

CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2): Suppresses the oxygen and the


vapor release, this agent is used in Class B and C fires
specially electric fires. this agent has advantage of leaves
no residue, ideal for electronics, but not effective in open
spaces or on deep seated Class A fires.
WATER MIST: A fine water droplets cooling the flame and
displace oxygen locally. Usually used on Class A fires and
electric fire in certain condition becuase the water
droplets are non-conductive and very fine, typically less
than 100 microns in diameter. Water mist has advantage
of minimal water damage, safer for sensitive equipment.

WET CHEMICAL: This agent reacts with hot oils/fats to


create a soapy foam layer that cools and seals the
surface, this agent is used of Class K or F fires such as
cooking oils and fats. this is common in Galleys, and
Kitchen.

CLEAN AGENTS (GASEOUS SYSTEMS) : Its chemically


inhibits the chain reaction replaces Halon in modern
systems, examples of this agents are FM-200, Novec
1230. Used in enclosed spaces, electronics, control
rooms etc.

FIRE BLANKETS: It is made from flame-resistant


material, it smothers small fires cutting off oxygen, used
in Small fires, clothing fires, or cooking fires. made of
fiberglass or treated wool materials.

The basic concept of fire extinguishing agent is to remove or interrupt one or more
components of the fire tetrahedron which consist of Heat, Oxygen, Fuel, Chemical reaction. by
doing the interuption or removing, one or more components we can stop the fire.

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