Aquila - #13 CATUBUAN, Jaycel C.

Module 3 Assignment

Working as a seafarer is a very dangerous job because not only that you should watch out for
collisions, fire, or islands a head, while working in a vessel it can also cause injury and
accidents such as head injury, bleeding, or breaking bones etc.
Common injuries in a ship:
HEAD - Head injury is a common injury during cargo
loading or discharging operations, because there is
a chance that your head will hit by cargoes like
box, crates or containers. and usually happens
when slipping on deck, this can be prevented by
wearing helmet, being aware of the surrounding,
and proper posture.

EYE - Eye injury is common in chemical or gas

tankers causing eye irritation, blindness, cuts, or
burns when exposed to gas or chemical. usually
happens in some vessel and caused by flying
debris, wielding sparks etc. this can be prevented
by using eye goggles, proper ventilation, and face
shield.

EARS - Common injury in engine rooms because engine rooms are loud it can cause ear injury
such as hearing loss, eardrum damage. this can be prevented when using earplugs, earmuffs,
regular checking of hearing.

NOSE AND RESPIRATORY TRACT - Nose injuries and respiratoty tract happens during
inhalation of toxic gases, poor ventilations, chemical leaks. Can be prevented by using
respirators, masks, and proper air monitoring.

HANDS AND FINGERS - Happens during duty by opperating the tools wrong it can cause injury
such as cuts, amputations, fractures, burns and caused by tools or machinery, sharp objects,
crushing. To prevent this you should use gloves, guards on tools, proper handling procedures.

FEET AND TOES - This is an accident of Crushing, fractures, slips, and punctures caused by
Falling objects, stepping on sharp items, wet surfaces. Can be prevented by wearing safety
gears such as Steel-toe boots, non-slip footwear, floor awareness.
BACK AND SPINE - Happens when Sprains, slipping discs, spinal injuries caused by Improper
lifting, falls, poor posture. it can be prevented by doing Correct lifting techniques, support
belts, ergonomic awareness.

LEGS AND KNEES - It is an injury of Strains, dislocations, fractures caused by Slipping,

tripping, falling, climbing accidents. can be prevented by equipping Knee pads, safe stair use,
clear walkways.

SKIN - This is an injury by skin irritation, Burns, cuts, chemical exposure, abrasions caused by
Hot surfaces, corrosive chemicals, sharp objects. To prevent this kind of injuries you must
wear proper clothing, PPE, awareness of hazards.

INTERNAL ORGANS - This happens during accidents and causing trauma, punctures, internal
bleeding caused by blunt force, crashes, or falls. This can be prevented by doing body
harnesses, safety procedures, avoiding impact zones.

First aid is an immediate temporary treatment to an injury or illness of human accident, before
professional medical help arrives. By doing first aid it can prevent death, prevents the
condition or injury from worsening. first aid promotes recovery and provides care with
confidents and safety.

There are measurements that should be followed during accidents or midical emergencies as
accidents is a critical situation where a person can die, and it needs immediate midical
attention and needs to be a proper midical action to increase the survival rate.

Measurement to consider:

ENSURING SAFETY FIRST - Check the scene for danger before helping. Protect yourself and
others from further harm such as fire, electrical hazards, toxic gas.

ASSESS THE SITUATION QUICKLY - Evaluate the victim’s condition, check for consciousness,
breathing, bleeding, or broken bones. Identify life-threatening issues.

CALL FOR IMMEDIATE HELP - Alert medical personnel or emergency responders onboard or
ashore. Provide clear, concise information location, nature of emergency, number of victims.

APPLY BASIC FIRST - Give appropriate care, stop bleeding, perform CPR if necessary, stabilize
injuries, or place the victim in the recovery position while waiting for help.

STAY CALM AND REASSURE THE VICTIM - Keep the person calm and comfortable. as panicking
can worsen their condition. Monitor their status until professional midical help arrives.

The nature of injury is a physical harm and damage causing pain to the body due to external
force or harmful condition. this can tissue, bones, muscles, skin, organs or, multiple systems.
injuries can be minor such as bruises, cuts etc. to being severe injury or life threatening such as
head trauma, spinal injury, burns, amputations etc.
CAUSES OF INJURIES:

MECHANICAL CAUSE - Due to accidental falls, cuts, or improper use of machinery or tools.

THERMAL CAUSES - Happens when exposed to fire, steam, or hot surface can be also frostbite
from extreme cold.

CHEMICAL CAUSES - Occurence when exposed to corrosive or toxic substances such as Acids,
cleaning agents, etc.

ELECTRICAL CAUSES - When incontact to open wires or live wires.

HUMAN ERROR - When the body is overused and can't handle more work or through
carelessness such as fatigue, negligence, lack of training, or failure to follow safety procedure.

ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES - Can be Slippery decks, Unstable platform, heavy weather ate sea
etc.

In accidents there is what we call "extent of injuries" this is how medical experts determine
wether the patient needs immediate medical attention or needs minor treatment. there are
kinds of extent injuries such as:

MINOR INJURIES - This only needs minor treatment can be aided using first aid kit such as
scratches, bruises, small cuts, and sprains.

MODERATE INJURIES - This kind of injuries needs special attention as it can lead to a severe
injury, this moderate injury are deep lacerations, dislocations, minor fractures.

SEVERE INJURIES - Needs special medical attention as it can lead to demise, this severe
injuries are major fracture, internal bleeding, head or spinal trauma, third degree burn.

FATAL INJURIES - This injures are resulting of dying, usually due to head trauma, drowning,
electrocution, or severe blood loss.

When an accident or medical emergency occurs onboard a vessel, immediate and organized
actions are critical to saving lives and minimizing harm.
IMMEDIATE MEASURES:
ENSURE SAFETY OF SCENE - Before taking action and do treatment, make sure that an area is
safe for both of the rescuer and the injured. While doing so eliminate or isolate any ongoing
casualty such as fire, gas, leaks, moving machinery, or live electricity.
ASSES THE CASUALTY - After making sure that the area is safe, make sure that the person
injured is not instate of shocked or trauma and determine if his conscious or unconscious,
breathing and has pulse. and immediate checking of any visible injuries, bleeding, or fracture.
RAISE THE ALARM AND INFORM AUTHORITIES - When an accident happens or casualties
immediately notify the bridge, duty officer, or medical officer. Use emergency communication
channels such as public address system, or alarm if necessary.
PROVIDE FIRST AID - When there is injured or unconscious you beed to perform or begin basic
first aid on the condition of controling bleeding with pressure and bandage, perform CPR if no
pulse or breathing, Treat for shock (Keep casualty warm and lying flat with legs elevated),
Immobilize fractures or support injured body parts, If burns are present, cool with clean cool
water.
MONITOR CASUALTIES - After treating and injured, it should not be left alone make sure to
monitor its vital signs such as breathing, consciousness, pulse and skin color. And must provide
emotional support to reduce panic and shock.
PREPARE FOR EVACUTION OR MEDICAL HANDOVER - If necessary, assist in transporting the
casualty safely to the ships medical facility. Then collect and report all relevant information
such as time of incident, cause, treatment given, medical history if known.
SECURE THE AREA - Isolate the accident scene to prevent further harm or injury to others. And
begin documentaions of the incident as soon as possible.

Seafarers are exposed to various medical emergencies due to the isolated environment,
physical workload, and operational hazards at sea. Aside from common injuries like cuts or
fractures, several serious medical emergencies may occur onboard, each requiring prompt
recognition and appropriate response.
OTHER MEDICAL EMERGENCIES:
HEART ATTACK / CARDIAC ARREST - This is an
occurence when the heart stop functioning at can lead
to dying. It can be determined when feeling chest pain,
shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, unconsciousness.
it can be prevented by asking immediate medical help,
and give aspirin (if advised), and begin CPR and AED use
if unresponsive and not breathing.

STROKE - It can be determined when the body is having

weakness on one side, slurred speech, facial drooping,
confusion. It can be reduced by using F.A.S.T means
FACE, ARMS, SPEECH, TIME assessment. keep the person
calm and still, inform the bridge and prepare for medical
evacuation.

SEVERE BLEEDING - This is caused by cuts from

machinery, falling rods, or accidents. The casualty can be
reduced by applying direct pressure, elevate the wound
area, use sterile bandages, or tourniquet if necessary to
the wound or cut.
FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS - Caused by falling,
collisions, or heavy equipment mishandling. it can be
treated by immobilizing the injured part, use splints, and
avoid unnecessary movement.

BURNS AND SCALDS - It is a skin that got exposed to

steam, hot surfaces, chemicals, or electrical contact.
Can be treated by cooling the burn with running water
usually (10-20 minutes), cover with sterile dressing,
avoid creams or ointments.

HYPOTHERMIA - It is an exposure to cold environments

or cold water usually above 40°F (4.4°C). Can be reduced
by removing of wet clothes, provide warm blankets, dry
coverings, give warm drinks if conscious.

HEAT STROKE / HEAT EXHAUSTION - Happens when

exposed to heat for too long and the body becomes
dehydrated. Can be treated by moving to a cool area,
rehydrate with water or electrolytes, loosen clothing,
and fan the casualty.

POISONING (CHEMICAL OR FOOD) - Caused by the

ingestion of toxic substances, spoiled food, or hazardous
materials. It can be treated by identifying the poison, do
not induce vomiting unless directed, andprovide specific
first aid based on the substance.
SEIZURES / EPILEPTIC ATTACK - It is a sudden brief
disruption of brain activity caused by abnormal,
excessive, or synchronous neuronal firing. Indication can
be sudden collapse, convulsions, unresponsiveness.

ALLERGIC REACTIONS / ANAPHYLAXIS - Caused by

food, medication, or insect bites. incation of this
reaction is swelling, hives, difficult breathing, shock, It
can be treated by providing epinephrine if available,
seek emergency medical help immediately.