Aquila - #13 CATUBUAN, JAYCEL C.

Module 1 Assignments
The general emergencies situation and alarms onboard ships:

Inboard fire - Can occur in Galley, Small compartments, Engine room, or Cargoes this poses as life
threatening as well as it can make the ship explode. to know if there are any fire on any parts of
the ship, there will be continuos ringing of the general alarm bell as well as verbal or public
address "Fire Fire Fire" and continuos blow of the ship horn.

Man over board (MOB) - This occurs when one of the ship crew or a member of the crew went at
sea due to either falling accidentally, mental problems, depression etc. to alert the members of
the crew that one of the crew went at sea, the general alarm well ring 3 short rings and 3 short
ship horn. and followed by public address (PA) "Man over board Starboard/Port side".

Steering gear failure - Occurs when there is a problem in steering gear, this poses as threat in
steering and could capsize or overthrow the course of the ship. when this happens there will be a
bridge and engine room buzzers, or general alarm if severe.

Collision - Occurs when two vessels come in contact and collide with each other, when this
happens it can put the crew in danger. When two ships collide there will be a continuos ringing of
general alarm and a follow up public address "Collision reported at (bow/stern/starboard/port),
emergency response team muster!"

Abandon ship - Most crucial emergency in maritime, this happens when the vessel has a low
chance of survival and the master must prioritize himself and the members lives to survive. When
this happens the general alarm and the ships horn will rung 7 short and 1 continuos alarm, and a
follow up public address form the master "all hands on deck, abandon ship".

Ships emergency alarms:

GENERAL ALARM SHIPS HORN ENGINE ROOM BUZZER

There are several life saving appliances to prevent or reduce casualties, this helps the seafarers to
survive any danger in the future. This is essential in all the vessel as regulated by the IMO
Convetion of SOLAS chapter 3 and LSA code.

Different types of Life saving appliances:

Life jackets - Life jacket is an important life saving appliances because this keeps you afloat in
seas specially in water that is hard to float in. Its an essential equipment when emergencies occur
like abandoning ship.

Distress signals and Equipments - This are essential equipments, used for signaling or giving
position. This are used if your lost at sea when you went overboard, or giving position to MRCC or
Coastguards when emergencies occur.

Life boats - this is important and every vessel should be have one as SOLAS regulated, this is a
small boat that gets released on sea water when emergencies happen. there are different types of
life boats such as open lifeboat, closed lifeboat, and freefall lifebaot. Lifeboats are important
when the vessel is away from shore and needed more time to locate and rescued, it protects the
crew from cold water and prevent hypothermia.

Immersion suits - Essential for preventing from getting hypothermia, this are worn inside a life
boat after being exposed in open ocean, it should be worn when the water is 15 degrees celsius.
This are made of neoprene, ang designed for fast and easy donning.

Life Rafts - Life raft is an inflatable boat stored in a canister, automatically or manually released,
Can be hydrostatically released if the ship sinks. Equipped with survival kits, food, water, first-aid,
and paddles. vessel with limited space are equipped with life rafts instead of life boats because
life raft is smalle and stored in a canister.
Types of life saving appliances:

LIFE BOAT LIFE JACKET DISTRESS SIGNALS

IMMERSION SUIT LIFE RAFT

There are life saving appliances with specific roles and uses for different situation or emergencies
inlcuding those common life saving appliances.

Common life saving appliances:

Thermal Protective Aids (TPAs) - Prevents heat loss when worn inside life rafts or boats, protects
against cold exposure.

Lifebuoys (Life Rings) - Thrown to a person overboard for immediate flotation. life bouys are not just
rings to keep you afloat, it is also Equipped with Buoyant lifeline (30m),Water-activated light, Self-
activating smoke signal (in some cases) to make it easy to see or rescue.

Fire Extinguishers - an essential appliance incase of fire emergencies in galleys, compartments or

other places that could start fire. fire extinguishers are the First-response equipment to control small
fires before they spread.

First Aid Kits (Marine Type) - This is an important appliance on ship, as being a seafarer is dangerous
and can lead to injuries. First aid kit Treats injuries or illnesses during emergencies. this type of first aid
kit must contain Bandages, antiseptics, medicines, splints, etc.

Firefighter’s Suit (Fire Suit) - Is designed for protection from heavy fire from inside the ship, this
protects the crew that are assigned in the fire fighting team.

Common life saving appliances:

FIRST AID KIT (MARINE TYPE) LIFE BUOY (LIFE RING) THERMAL PROTECTIVE AIDS (TPAs)

FIRE FIGHTING SUIT FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

There are two types of survival crafts such as Life raft, and lifeboats this two are essential life saving
apliances in a vessel.this are used when an abandon ship occurs and the life of the crew including the
master are prioritized. and this appliances are equipped with survival kits including food and water.

Types of survival craft and its structure:

Life raft - it is a capsulized life boat, when released in their canister it will be inflated with air. it is a
multi chamber for buoyancy automatically inflates with CO2. it has a roof or canopy for weather and
heat protection, life rafts are colored orange for high visibility in the middle of the ocean. it has a
ladder or ramp for an easy access for the crew, have water pockets for stability and resisting wave
drifts. also equipped with buoyant paddles for minor maneuvering or signaling, also has valves and
pressure relief for preventing over inflation. and lastly internal floor it is insulated for reducing heat
loss.
Lifeboat - Life boat on the other hand is not capsulized but instead its built sturdy and hard, it has a
diesel engine or manual rowing propulsion system, includes fuel and start up battery. it has a built in
steering mechanism such as rudder or direction oars. also a bailer or drain plug this removes water
manually via plug. have ventilation and hatches, allows air circulation while keeping water out. and a
built in entry hatch or door, this are watertight and lockable for safety. lastly have a built in internal
seating straps for secure seats for each person. and has canopy and hull.
Contents of both survival crafts:

EPIRB/SART (If equipped) - satellite distress signaling or radar locating.

DISTRESS FLARES - Visual signaling (parachute rockets, hand flares, smoke).
WATERPROOF FLASHLIGHT - Illumination and signaling.
FRESHWATER - Drinking water for survival, 3 liters per person.
RATIONS - Emergency food (non-perishable).
REPAIR KIT- Patches and tools for raft repairs.
BAILER AND SPONGE- Removing water from inside.
Appliances and contents:

LIFEBOAT LIFE RAFT RATION FRESHWATER

EPIRB FLASHLIGHT DISTRESS FLARES BAILER REPAIR KIT

Ofcourse survival crafts and rescue boats has different purpose and roles at sea.

Different kinds small survival and rescue boats:

Lifeboat - A lifeboat is a sturdy boat made of sturdy materials like fiberglass that is either completely
or partially enclosed. It is launched by davit or free falling methods rather than being capsulized. It
features an integrated steering system (rudder or direction oars) and a diesel engine or manual rowing
system with gasoline and a starter battery. Lifeboats have a canopy and hull for complete weather and
fire protection, as well as ventilation vents, a watertight entry door, and strapped interior seats. They
are built to survive at sea for extended periods of time and to fully evacuate every person on board.

Life raft - A life raft is an inflated, capsulized survival vessel that, when released, automatically deploys
using CO₂. It has a canopy roof for protection from heat and rain and is made up of multiple chamber
buoyancy tubes. It features water pockets for stability, sea anchors, and boarding ladders for visibility.
It is orange in color. Life rafts are kept in canisters with a hydrostatic release device and are simpler to
launch, particularly in an emergency. Although they lack engines, they are equipped with the
necessary survival supplies, such as water, food, paddles, and signaling equipment, unlike lifeboats.

Rescue boat - For search and rescue missions, particularly man-over-board recovery, a rescue boat is a
lightweight, fast, and highly maneuverable vessel. It has an outboard or inboard engine and can be
solid, inflatable, or rigid-inflatable. Rescue boats are crucial for providing emergency help, towing life
rafts, and recovering individuals from the ocean, but they are not utilized for complete evacuation.
Even in unfavorable circumstances, these boats must be able to be launched swiftly and safely.

Kinds of Survival and rescue boat:

LIFE BOAT LIFE RAFT

RESCUE BOAT