CHAPTER 1

Basics of ICT

Short Answer Type Questions

1. What are some of the various forms and purposes that personal computers (PCs) serve according to
the text?
Answer: Personal computers are used in homes, schools, and offices. They help with tasks like typing,
browsing the internet, playing games, creating presentations, and even coding.
2. How does the CPU function within a computer, and why is it often referred to as the brain of the
computer?
Answer: The CPU (Central Processing Unit) carries out instructions and performs calculations. It controls
how data moves inside the computer, which is why it's called the brain of the computer.
3. Describe the role of internal and external hardware components in a computer system.
Answer: Internal components like the CPU, RAM, and hard drive help the computer run and store data.
External parts like the keyboard, mouse, and monitor let us interact with the computer.
4. Explain the characteristics and key components of the fourth generation of computers.
Answer: Fourth-generation computers used microprocessors, making them smaller, faster, and more
affordable. They supported personal computing, were energy-efficient, and had better memory and
speed.
5. What role does the Operating System (OS) play in the functioning of a computer?
Answer: The OS manages hardware and software, making sure everything works together. It lets users
run programs, save files, and use devices like printers and USB drives easily.
6. Describe the significance of data representation in computer science.
Answer: Computers use binary (0s and 1s) to store and process data. Data representation helps
computers understand numbers, text, and images using different codes and formats.
7. How is a decimal number converted to a binary number using the "Divide by 2 Method"? Use the
conversion of the number 25 as an example.
Answer: To convert 25 to binary:
• 25 ÷ 2 = 12 remainder 1
• 12 ÷ 2 = 6 remainder 0
• 6 ÷ 2 = 3 remainder 0
• 3 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 1
• 1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1
Write remainders in reverse: 11001
8. Describe the process of converting a binary number to a decimal number with the help of the binary
number 11001 as an example.
Answer: Write the binary digits from right to left with powers of 2:
1×2⁴ + 1×2³ + 0×2² + 0×2¹ + 1×2⁰ = 16 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 25
So, binary 11001 = decimal 25.
Higher Order Thinking Questions
1. Convert the decimal number 47 to:
Answer:
1.1. Binary:
Divide 47 by 2 repeatedly:
47 ÷ 2 = 23 R1
23 ÷ 2 = 11 R1
11 ÷ 2 = 5 R1
5 ÷ 2 = 2 R1
2 ÷ 2 = 1 R0
1 ÷ 2 = 0 R1
Binary = 101111
1.2. Octal:
Group binary: 101111 → 101 111 = 5 7 (Octal)
1.3. Hexadecimal:
Group binary: 0010 1111 = 2 F (Hex)
2. Convert the decimal number 256 to:
Answer:
2.1. Binary:
256 ÷ 2 repeatedly = 100000000
2.2. Octal:
Binary: 100 000 000 = 4 0 0 (Octal)
2.3. Hexadecimal:
Binary: 0001 0000 0000 = 1 0 0 (Hex)
3. Convert the decimal number 127 to:
Answer:
3.1. Binary:
127 in binary is 1111111
3.2. Octal:
Group binary: 1111111 → 001 111 111 = 1 7 7 (Octal)
3.3. Hexadecimal:
Binary: 0111 1111 = 7F (Hex)
4. Convert the binary number 1011011 to decimal.
Answer: 1011011 to Decimal
= 1×64 + 0×32 + 1×16 + 1×8 + 0×4 + 1×2 + 1×1 = 64 + 16 + 8 + 2 + 1 = 91
5. Convert the binary number 11010010 to decimal.
Answer: 11010010 to Decimal = 1×128 + 1×64 + 0×32 + 1×16 + 0×8 + 0×4 + 1×2 + 0×1
= 128 + 64 + 16 + 2 = 210
6. Convert the binary number 10101 to decimal.
Answer: 10101 to Decimal = 1×16 + 0×8 + 1×4 + 0×2 + 1×1 = 21
7. Find the 1s complement of the binary number 11001100.
Answer: 1’s complement of 11001100: Flip all bits → 00110011
8. Find the 1s complement of the binary number 1001101.
Answer: 1’s complement of 1001101: → Flip bits → 0110010
9. Find the 1s complement of the binary number 1110001.
Answer: 1’s complement of 1110001: → Flip bits → 0001110
10. Find the 2s complement of the binary number 1010110.
Answer: 2’s complement of 1010110:
Step 1: 1’s complement = 0101001
Step 2: Add 1 = 0101001 + 1 = 0101010
11. Find the 2s complement of the binary number 1001111.
Answer: 2’s complement of 1001111: 1’s complement = 0110000 → Add 1 = 0110001
12. Find the 2s complement of the binary number 1100010.
Answer: 2’s complement of 1100010: 1’s complement = 0011101 → Add 1 = 0011110

Critical Thinking Questions

1. Jenny is curious about computers and asks her older brother about them. How might he explain a
computer's general concept and purpose to her in simple terms?
Answer: Jenny’s older brother might say: “A computer is a smart machine that can follow instructions
to do many things like solving problems, showing pictures, playing games, and writing documents. It helps
people work faster and store lots of information. It’s like a helper that listens to commands and does
what you ask.”
2. Mark is starting college and needs a device for his studies, leisure activities, and occasional video calls
with his family. Considering the different types of computers, which one would be best suited for
Mark's needs?
Answer: For Mark, the best choice would be a laptop. It is portable, powerful, and can handle school
work like assignments and research, while also being good for watching movies or doing video calls. A
laptop combines the features of a desktop and tablet, making it perfect for students who need to study
anywhere.
3. In a science class, students are learning about space exploration. How might the teacher highlight the
importance of computers in controlling rovers and spacecraft from Earth?
Answer: “Computers are like the brains of rovers and spacecraft. They help scientists on Earth send
instructions, collect data, and control movements from very far away. Without computers, it would be
hard to explore planets like Mars or keep astronauts safe in space. Computers make space missions
possible and successful.”
CHAPTER 2
Coding and Variables in
Block Coding and Python

Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is variable initialization?
Answer: Variable initialization means giving a starting value to a variable when you create it. It helps the
program know what data the variable should hold before using it.
2. What is the syntax to initialize a variable in programming?
Answer: The syntax is usually: dataType variableName = value; For example, in C++: int age = 12;
This sets up a variable called age with the value 12.
3. Why do you think validating user input is important in programming?
Answer: Validating input checks if the user's answer is correct and safe before using it. It helps prevent
errors, crashes, or hacking by making sure only expected information is entered.
4. What are your opinions on the naming convention of variables declared in programming? Write down
five best practices you think one should follow while declaring variables.
Answer: Good variable names make code easy to read and understand. Here are five best practices:
• Use meaningful names (e.g., • Avoid symbols and spaces
totalMarks) • Never use reserved words like int or for
• Start with a letter, not a number as names
• Use camelCase (e.g., studentName)
These rules make code neat and easy to debug.

Applied Projects
1. Create a program in PictoBlox to display the square of numbers from 1 to 10.
Answer: PictoBlox Program to Display the Square of Numbers from 1 to 10 is shown below.
2. Create a program in PictoBlox to validate the marks entered by the student in the Unit Test. The Unit
Test marks can be between 0 to 40.
Answer: PictoBlox program to validate the marks entered by the student in the Unit Test is as shown,
CHAPTER 3
Sequencing with Block
Coding

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Explain what an algorithm is with the help of an example.
Answer: An algorithm is a set of step-by-step instructions to solve a problem or complete a task. For
example, making a sandwich: take bread, spread butter, add filling, and close the sandwich. This is a
simple algorithm.
2. Explain a bug in any program/application that you have encountered in real life.
Answer: One time, a calculator app kept crashing when I tried to divide by zero. This is a bug, because
the program didn’t handle the error properly. Bugs are mistakes in code that stop programs from working
right.
3. Explain if sequencing, selection, and iteration can be used together. Support your answer with a proper
explanation.
Answer: Yes, all three can be used together in a program. Sequencing is the order of steps, selection
chooses what to do based on conditions (like “if”), and iteration repeats steps (like loops). Together, they
help build smart and working programs.
4. Explain three examples where you can apply loops and conditionals to simplify sequencing.
Answer:
• Counting numbers from 1 to 10 using a loop.
• Checking marks and giving grades using conditionals.
• Repeating a game level until the player wins using a loop with a condition.
These make programs shorter, smarter, and easier to manage.

Higher Order Thinking Questions

1. Write an algorithm to print the cube of numbers from 1 to 10
Answer: Algorithm: Print Cube of Numbers from 1 to 10
1. Start
2. Set a variable number = 1
3. Repeat the following steps until number ≤ 10:
a. Calculate cube = number × number × number
b. Display: "Cube of [number] is [cube]"
c. Increase number by 1
4. End
This algorithm uses a loop (iteration) to repeat the cube calculation and display it for each number
from 1 to 10.
2. Draw a flowchart to explain the iterative process that Rakesh followed while distributing birthday
sweets.
Answer: Flowchart to distribute birthday sweets is as follows:
This is iteration in action - the process repeats until a specific goal is met, which in this case is every
student getting their chocolates.
CHAPTER 4
Fun with Functions

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Explain five advantages of using functions.
Answer: Functions help us:
• Reuse code easily, • Debug errors faster,
• Make programs shorter, • Improve readability for others and
• Organize code better, ourselves.
2. What are function parameters?
Answer: Function parameters are placeholders for values you give to a function when you call it. They
help the function work with different inputs each time.
3. Explain how functions help in reducing the redundancy of code.
Answer: Instead of writing the same lines again and again, you can write a function once and call it many
times. This avoids repetition and makes the code cleaner.
4. Can functions return a value? Support your answer with a proper explanation.
Answer: Yes, functions can return values using the return statement. For example, a function can return
the result of a calculation like the sum of two numbers.
5. Name three scenarios where using functions will help you reduce the redundancy of code.
Answer:
1. Calculating area of different shapes
2. Converting temperature in different places
3. Displaying a message many times in a game or app
6. Explain the parameterization of functions. Where can and why do you think parameterization is
useful?
Answer: Parameterization means giving input values to a function to make it flexible. It’s useful when we
want the function to do the same task with different data, like printing different names or adding
different numbers.
7. Explain what the output of the below program will be:
def test(x, y):
if x > y:
return y
def test1(x, y, z):
return test(x, test(y, z))
print(test1(2, 7, -1))
Answer:
test(y, z) = test(7, -1) → 7 > -1 → return -1
Then test(x, -1) = test(2, -1) → 2 > -1 → return -1
Output: -1
8. Find an error in the below program:
 def sum(numbers):
total = 0
for x in number:
total += x
return total
print(sum((1, 2, 3, 4, 5)))
Answer:
• Indentation error: total, for, and return must be indented inside the function.
• Name error: Should be for x in numbers (not number).
Corrected version:
def sum(numbers):
total = 0
for x in numbers:
total += x
return total
print(sum((1, 2, 3, 4, 5)))

Higher Order Thinking Questions

1. Write a function to print even numbers from 1 to 50.
Answer: We can use a loop and a condition to check if each number is even using the modulus
operator %.
def print_even_numbers():
for num in range(1, 51):
if num % 2 == 0:
print(num)
This function prints all even numbers from 1 to 50.
2. Write a function to sort the elements [34, 12, 89, 56, 98, 101] from biggest to smallest.
Answer: We can use Python’s sort() or sorted() function with the reverse option.
def sort_descending():
numbers = [34, 12, 89, 56, 98, 101]
numbers.sort(reverse=True)
print(numbers)
This function sorts the list in descending order and prints it.
3. Write a function to find the highest number in the array [1, 87, 09, 18, 11].
Answer: The built-in max() function helps find the largest value in a list.
def find_highest():
numbers = [1, 87, 9, 18, 11]
highest = max(numbers)
print("Highest number is:", highest)
This function finds and displays the highest number.
4. Write a function to find the modulus of 3 and 6.
Answer: The modulus operator % gives the remainder when one number is divided by another.
def find_modulus():
result = 3 % 6
print("Modulus of 3 and 6 is:", result)
Since 3 is smaller than 6, modulus is 3 (3 ÷ 6 leaves remainder 3).

Applied Project
1. Create a block code that takes the radius and height of a cylinder as input to a function and computes
its volume. The volume computed should be displayed by the function.
Answer: Block Code to Compute Volume of a Cylinder is as shown below. Formula: Volume of a
cylinder = π × radius² × height

2. Create a block code that computes the product of (sum of two random numbers) with the (difference
of two random numbers) using functions.
Answer: Block Code to Compute Product of (Sum × Difference) of Two Random Numbers
 CHAPTER 5
Collections and Arrays

Short Answer Type Questions

1. What are collections?
Answer: Collections are groups of items stored together in programming. They help manage and
organize multiple values, like numbers or names, in a single variable.
2. What are the different types of collections?
Answer: Common types of collections include arrays, lists, sets, and dictionaries. Each type stores data
differently depending on how we want to use it.
3. How can we iterate over collections?
Answer: We can use loops, like for or while, to go through each item in a collection one by one. This
helps in reading or changing every element in the group.
4. What are the different types of modifications that we can perform on collections?
Answer: We can add, remove, update, or sort items in collections. These changes help us manage the
data more effectively.
5. What is an Array Index?
Answer: An array index is the position number of an item in an array. Indexing starts from 0, so the first
item is at index 0, the second at 1, and so on.
6. Do collections allow backward traversing of data? Support your answer with a proper explanation.
Answer: Yes, some collections like arrays and lists allow backward traversal using a loop from the last
index to the first. This is useful when we need to reverse or compare data in reverse order.
7. Name three real-life collections that work like Arrays.
Answer:
Books on a shelf (ordered by number)
Queue of students in a line
Monthly calendar days (each day has a position)
8. What are High-Level and Low-Level Languages in Computers?
Answer: High-level languages like Python or Java are easier for humans to read and write.
Low-level languages like Assembly are closer to machine code and harder to understand but give more
control to the programmer.

Higher Order Thinking Questions

1. Draw a flowchart for the optimized algorithm for finding the square of numbers that we learned in this
chapter.
 Answer: This flowchart represents an optimized loop that calculates squares up to a user-defined limit.

2. Write a Program to Create an Array of Prime Numbers from 50 to 100.

Answer: This program checks each number from 50 to 100 and stores it in an array if it is prime.
3. Draw a flowchart to explain the flow of selection sort technique in programming.
Answer: This flowchart outlines how selection sort works by finding the maximum and swapping it into
place.

4. Write an algorithm to sort the below list in descending order using the Selection Sort Technique: [10,
21, 45, 67, 12]
Answer:
Step-by-step Algorithm:
1. Start
2. Let the list be [10, 21, 45, 67, 12]
3. For i from 0 to 3 (length - 1):
o Set max_index = i
o For j from i+1 to 4:
▪ If list[j] > list[max_index], set max_index = j
o Swap list[i] with list[max_index]
4. Repeat the steps until the list is sorted
5. Display the sorted list
6. End
Sorted Output: [67, 45, 21, 12, 10]
CHAPTER 6
Introduction to MS Excel

Higher Order Thinking Questions

1. How can the structure of Excel (with cells, rows, and columns) be beneficial for organizing data,
compared to writing data in paragraphs like in Word?
Answer: Excel’s structure with cells, rows, and columns allows you to organize information in a grid
format, which is much easier to read, sort, and analyze. Unlike Word, where data is written in
paragraphs and can become messy, Excel lets you line up information clearly—like names in one
column, marks in another. You can use formulas, make charts, and filter data quickly. This makes Excel
a powerful tool for organizing and working with numbers or lists.
2. Why might it be important to rename sheets like "My Candy Count" or "Birthday List"? How do naming
sheets enhance data organization?
Answer: Renaming sheets with meaningful names helps you identify what each sheet contains at a
glance. Instead of confusing names like "Sheet1" or "Sheet2", titles like "My Candy Count" or "Birthday
List" make it easy to switch between tasks. It’s especially helpful in workbooks with many sheets—this
keeps data well-organized, professional, and easy to navigate, saving time and reducing mistakes
3. In what situations might filtering data be more useful than sorting data?
Answer: Filtering is more useful when you want to see only specific information. For example, in a
class list of 100 students, if you only want to view students who scored above 90, filtering will hide all
others temporarily, showing just what you need. Sorting changes the entire order of the data, but
filtering lets you focus on certain values or conditions without disturbing the rest. It’s great for finding
patterns or making quick decisions.
CHAPTER 7
Explore More in
PowerPoint

Higher Order Thinking Question

1. You're tasked with creating a presentation on the "Water Cycle" for your science class. How would you
decide on the number of slides, layout, and content type (e.g., text, images, animations) to effectively
convey the process?
Answer: To create a clear and engaging presentation on the Water Cycle, I would first break down the
topic into main stages: Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation, and Collection. Based on this, I would
plan around 6 to 7 slides—one for the title, one for each stage, and a summary or quiz at the end.
For the layout, I would choose a clean and consistent design with headings at the top, images or diagrams
on one side, and short text or bullet points on the other. I would use images and labeled diagrams to help
explain the process visually and keep the text minimal but informative.
To make it interactive, I would add simple animations like water drops moving upward for evaporation or
clouds forming for condensation. This would make the presentation more fun and easier to understand
for my classmates. I’d also consider including a short video or quiz at the end to test learning.
This approach makes the presentation organized, visually appealing, and educational for my science class.
CHAPTER 8
Fun with Artificial
Intelligence

Short Answer Type Questions

1. How is intelligence defined in terms of capacities and abilities?
Answer: Intelligence is the ability to learn, think, solve problems, and adapt to new situations. It includes
using memory, reasoning, and creativity to make smart decisions.
2. Describe three examples of animal intelligence.
Answer: Dolphins use whistles to communicate. Crows use tools to get food. Elephants remember paths
and people for many years.
3. How is a computer termed intelligent, and give an example?
Answer: A computer is called intelligent when it can learn, make decisions, or solve problems using
data. For example, Google Maps suggests the fastest route based on traffic.
4. Explain the difference between artificial intelligence and human intelligence.
Answer: Artificial intelligence is created by humans and works using data and code. Human intelligence
is natural, emotional, and creative. AI can follow logic, but humans can feel and imagine.
5. What are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and provide three examples?
Answer: SDGs are global goals set by the United Nations to make the world better by 2030.
Examples: No Poverty, Quality Education, Clean Water and Sanitation
6. How does feature-based face detection work?
Answer: It looks for unique facial features like eyes, nose, and mouth using patterns and shapes. The
system compares these to known structures to detect faces.
7. What is the primary goal of Natural Language Processing (NLP)?
Answer: NLP helps computers understand, read, and respond to human language just like people do. It
is used in chatbots, translation apps, and voice assistants.
8. How is speech recognition like the way humans learn language?
Answer: Speech recognition listens to words, breaks them into sounds, and matches them to known
meanings—just like babies learn by hearing and copying words.
9. What is the primary focus of AI ethics?
Answer: AI ethics ensures that AI is fair, safe, and respects privacy and human rights. It guides how AI
should be used responsibly in society.

Higher Order Thinking Questions

1. Can machines ever truly replicate human emotions? Why or why not?
Answer: Machines can simulate emotions using data and programming, but they cannot truly feel
emotions like humans do. Emotions come from personal experiences, memories, and feelings—things
that computers don’t naturally have. While AI can recognize or react to emotions (like chatbots
showing empathy), it doesn’t have real understanding or emotional depth like a human being.
2. How might AI change the landscape of jobs in the future? Which professions might benefit, and which
might be at risk?
 Answer: AI will automate repetitive tasks, helping industries work faster. Professions like doctors,
teachers, and engineers will benefit with AI as a helpful assistant. Jobs like data entry, factory work, or
tele-calling might be at risk since AI can do them more efficiently. New jobs in AI development and
robotics will grow too, so skills will need to evolve.
3. Which SDG do you believe would benefit most from AI intervention? Why?
Answer: Quality Education (SDG 4) could benefit greatly from AI. AI can create personalized learning,
support teachers, translate lessons into different languages, and help students with special needs. This
makes education more inclusive, faster, and accessible for everyone, especially in remote or poor
areas.
4. How do you envision the relationship between humans and AI in the next 50 years?
Answer: In 50 years, AI and humans will likely work closely together. AI may become part of our
homes, schools, hospitals, and cities—making life easier. However, humans will still make important
emotional and ethical decisions. The relationship must be balanced, where AI helps but doesn't
replace human judgment or creativity.
5. Why do you think it's essential for computers to understand natural language, even when coding
languages already exist?
Answer: Natural language understanding lets everyone talk to computers easily, not just programmers.
It allows AI to be used in everyday life—like giving voice commands, translating languages, or asking
questions. It makes technology more human-friendly, removing the need to learn complex code to use
it.
6. How does training data impact the success of an NLP model? What happens if the training data is
biased or insufficient?
Answer: Training data teaches the model how to understand language. If it’s complete and diverse, the
model performs well. But if it’s biased or limited, the AI may give unfair, incorrect, or harmful
responses. For example, it might favor one gender or miss out on important words or cultures, leading
to inaccurate results.
7. What potential problems might arise if an AI system is not designed with fairness in mind?
Answer: If AI isn't fair, it can cause discrimination—like rejecting job applications unfairly or showing
biased results. It might favor certain people or groups while ignoring others. This can lead to social
inequality, loss of trust, and real-world harm, especially in fields like law, education, and hiring.
8. What are the potential applications of a successful speech-to-text detector in fields like education,
healthcare, and entertainment?
Answer: In education, it can help take notes or support students with disabilities. In healthcare,
doctors can record reports by speaking, saving time. In entertainment, it can add subtitles to movies or
create voice-controlled games. Speech-to-text makes these fields more accessible, faster, and user-
friendly.
CHAPTER 9
3D Environments and XR
Technology with PictoBlox

Short Answer Type Questions

1. How does Virtual Reality (VR) differ from Augmented Reality (AR)?
Answer: VR creates a fully virtual world where everything you see is computer-generated. In contrast,
AR adds digital things (like images or text) to the real world using a phone or tablet.
2. How can XR technologies improve education and training?
Answer: XR makes learning more interactive and fun. Students can explore 3D models, conduct virtual
science experiments, or practice real-life skills in a safe and realistic environment.
3. What tools does PictoBlox offer for working with 3D objects in XR projects?
Answer: PictoBlox provides 3D Stage, XR extensions, and blocks that let you add, move, rotate, and
control 3D objects. You can also add animations and change object properties easily.
4. How does Mixed Reality (MR) blend the real and virtual worlds in real-time?
Answer: MR lets you see and interact with real and digital objects together. It uses sensors and cameras
to understand your space and place virtual objects that feel real around you.
5. How can you move objects in 3D space using the X, Y, and Z axes in PictoBlox?
Answer: In PictoBlox, the X axis moves the object left and right, the Y axis moves it up and down, and
the Z axis moves it forward and backward to create 3D motion.

Higher Order Thinking Questions

1. How can you combine both 2D and 3D shapes in a single project to make an interactive AR or VR
experience?
Answer: You can combine 2D and 3D shapes in one AR or VR project by using 2D shapes for user
interfaces (like buttons or text labels) and 3D shapes for the main objects that users can explore or
interact with. For example, in a VR game, a 2D button on the screen could start a simulation involving 3D
animals or planets. This blend makes the project more interactive, visually rich, and easier to control,
offering both depth and clarity in the experience.
2. Imagine you’re tasked with designing an interactive virtual tour of a famous museum. Which XR
technology (VR, AR, or MR) would you choose, and why?
Answer: I would choose Virtual Reality (VR) because it creates a fully immersive experience, allowing
users to feel like they are walking inside the museum even if they are at home. VR can show 3D
sculptures, paintings, and artifacts, and users can explore each exhibit closely. The benefit is that people
who can’t travel can still enjoy a realistic tour, learn history, and interact with items in a fun and
educational way.
3. In what ways can 3D environments and modelling help students understand complex scientific
concepts?
Answer: 3D environments help students see and interact with things they can’t touch or observe easily
in real life, like atoms or space systems.
Activity Example: Create a 3D model of the solar system where students can move planets along their
orbits using the X and Z axes. They can observe how the sun stays in place and how each planet moves
differently based on size and speed. This helps explain planetary motion, orbits, and distance in a visual
and interactive way.
4. In a 3D modelling project, you’re asked to create a cityscape with buildings of various heights. Explain
how you would use the XYZ coordinate system.
Answer: To build a cityscape, I’d use:
• X-axis to place buildings left and right across the street grid,
• Z-axis to spread them forward and backward (depth in the city),
• Y-axis to set the height of each building.
Using this system, I can accurately position each building in its block, make tall skyscrapers or small
houses, and ensure proper spacing between roads and parks. This makes the city look realistic and
organized in 3D.
CHAPTER 10
Mastering Robotics

Short Answer Type Questions

1. List three advantages of robots in various industries.
Answer: Robots work faster, don’t get tired, and can do dangerous tasks safely. They help in
manufacturing, medicine, and space missions by increasing speed, safety, and accuracy.
2. Describe the purpose and components of the Quarky 2-wheel drive robot.
Answer: The Quarky 2-wheel drive robot is used for learning robotics and coding. It has two motors, IR
sensors, wheels, and the Quarky board that controls the movement and sensors.
3. How do line-following robots detect and follow a path?
Answer: Line-following robots use IR sensors to detect light reflected from the surface. They follow a
black or white line by adjusting their direction based on the sensor’s readings.
4. Explain the principle behind the functioning of IR sensors in detecting surfaces.
Answer: IR sensors send out infrared light and detect how much of it reflects back. Dark surfaces absorb
light, and light surfaces reflect it, helping the sensor detect edges or lines.
Higher Order Thinking Questions
1. Predict the impact of robotics on job markets in the next decade. What skills will humans need to
remain relevant?
Answer: In the next 10 years, robots will take over many repetitive and physical tasks, especially in
factories, delivery, and customer service. This may reduce some jobs, but also create new ones in robot
maintenance, AI development, and data analysis. To stay relevant, humans will need problem-solving,
creativity, critical thinking, and coding skills. Soft skills like communication and teamwork will also be
important, as robots cannot replace emotional intelligence
2. How could reliance on robots in hazardous environments potentially pose new types of risks?
Answer: While robots are helpful in dangerous places like nuclear sites or deep-sea exploration, relying
too much on them could be risky if malfunctions, software bugs, or hacking happen. For example, if a
rescue robot fails during a disaster, it could delay help or cause harm. Also, human skills might fade if
people depend too much on robots. So, regular monitoring and safety checks are important to avoid
new risks.
3. In what scenarios, apart from factories, might line-following robots be most beneficial?
Answer: Line-following robots can be useful in many real-world areas like:
• Hospitals, to deliver medicines safely along marked paths
• Airports or malls, to guide people along specific routes
• Warehouses, for transporting goods without human drivers
• Educational robotics, where students learn automation and sensors
These robots improve efficiency, safety, and reduce human effort in busy or structured
environments.