CHAPTER 1

Basics of ICT

Short Answer
1. Why are computers essential tools in the 21st century?
Answer: Computers help us work faster, learn better, and connect with others. They are used in schools,
offices, hospitals, and even at home. They make many tasks easier and quicker.
2. What has been made more efficient and productive due to computers?
Answer: Tasks like writing, drawing, solving math, storing data, and sending messages have become
faster. Computers help people save time and do more work in less time.
3. What advancement characterized the second generation of computers?
Answer: The second generation of computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes. They were
smaller, faster, and used less electricity than the first generation.
4. Explain the difference between low-level and high-level programming languages.
Answer: Low-level languages are closer to machine language and are hard to understand. High-level
languages are easier to read and write for humans, like Python or Scratch.
5. Why were third-generation programming languages considered more user-friendly?
Answer: They were easier to learn and use. These languages used English-like words, so more people
could write programs without knowing complex machine code.
6. How do computers contribute to our entertainment?
Answer: We can watch movies, play games, listen to music, and draw using computers. They help us
have fun and be creative in many ways.
7. What is the main purpose of the Windows operating system?
Answer: Windows helps us use the computer easily. It shows pictures, menus, and icons so we can click
and do tasks like opening files or using apps.
8. Why is file management considered an essential skill in today's digital age?
Answer: File management helps us keep our computer neat and organized. We can find, open, and save
files quickly when they are named and stored properly.
9. Explain the difference between the asterisk (*) and the question mark (?) when used as wildcard
characters.
Answer: The asterisk (*) means "anything can go here," like any number of letters. The question mark
(?) means "only one letter" can be in that place.
10. Explain the importance of naming folders and files correctly.
Answer: Good names help us find files easily and know what's inside. It keeps our work tidy and saves
time when searching for something.
11. What is a number system, and why is it crucial for computers?
Answer: A number system is a way to show numbers. Computers use the binary number system (0 and
1) to store and understand all data and commands.
12. Convert the decimal number 12 to binary.
 Answer: The binary of 12 is 1100.
13. What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 101010?
Answer: The decimal of 101010 is 42.
14. Convert the binary number 110110 to decimal.
Answer: The decimal of 110110 is 54.

Higher Order Thinking Questions

1. How has the evolution of computer generations impacted the diversity and complexity of tasks they
can perform?
Answer: The evolution of computer generations has made computers smaller, faster, and more
powerful. Early computers could only do simple calculations, but today’s computers can do many tasks
at once—like video editing, online learning, and 3D designing. Each new generation brought better
hardware and software, allowing us to solve more complex problems in fields like science, medicine, and
education. The diversity of tasks has expanded from typing and storing files to controlling robots and
running smart homes.
2. How do the advancements in computer technology contribute to the growth and development of new
and innovative gadgets like the Bionic Bird and Parrot Pot?
Answer: Advancements in computer technology provide smart chips, sensors, and programming
languages that help create innovative gadgets. For example, the Bionic Bird flies using real-time
computer-controlled wings, and the Parrot Pot uses sensors to monitor and water plants. These devices
use artificial intelligence and machine learning, which depend on fast processors and efficient coding. As
computer technology grows, it allows inventors to create more helpful and creative tools that make life
easier and more fun.
3. Imagine a world without computers. How would the lack of computers affect our lives regarding
education, communication, and entertainment?
Answer: Without computers, education would rely only on books and chalkboards, slowing down
learning and reducing access to information. Communication would be limited to letters or landline
phones, making it hard to connect instantly with people around the world. Entertainment would be
affected too—no online games, music apps, or streaming movies. Our lives would be slower, and many
jobs and inventions we rely on today would not exist. Computers have become an essential part of
modern life.
4. Critically evaluate the functions of Windows Explorer components. Which one do you think is most
crucial, and why?
Answer: Windows Explorer has many useful parts—like the Navigation Pane, Address Bar, File List, and
Search Box. The Navigation Pane helps users switch between drives and folders easily, while the Search
Box helps find files quickly. The most crucial component is the File List Area because it shows the actual
files and folders we want to open, move, or delete. Without it, we couldn’t interact with our documents,
music, or programs effectively. It’s where most of our work is done.
5. If you had the power to create a unique feature for Windows, what would it be, and how would it
enhance the user experience?
 Answer: I would create a "Smart Assistant Sidebar" that gives tips and shortcuts based on what the user
is doing. For example, if someone is writing a report, it could suggest formatting tools or grammar checks.
If they're organizing photos, it could offer sorting options or album ideas. This feature would help users
save time, learn new tricks, and work smarter. It would make Windows more interactive and friendly for
both kids and adults.
6. How could the knowledge of data representation and number systems be applied to solve real-world
problems related to data accuracy and computation efficiency?
Answer: Understanding data representation helps in storing numbers, text, and images correctly in
computers. For example, using binary allows devices to work faster and use less memory. In banks,
medical systems, and space programs, even a small mistake in data can cause big problems. Knowing
number systems ensures accurate calculations and efficient programming. It also helps developers write
better code for apps and games that run smoothly and use less battery.
CHAPTER 2
Introduction to Coding

Higher Order Thinking Questions

1. How is coding utilized in everyday life to efficiently perform complex tasks?
Answer: Coding is used to give instructions to computers and machines so they can perform complex
tasks quickly and accurately. For example, when we book a cab using an app, the code behind the app
matches drivers and riders, calculates the shortest route, and handles payments. In homes, smart devices
like Alexa or Google Assistant follow coded instructions to play music, control lights, or give weather
updates. Coding helps break down big tasks into small steps and makes them repeatable and efficient.
2. What are the real-life applications of coding?
Answer: Coding is all around us. It is used in mobile apps, websites, video games, ATM machines, and
even traffic lights. Doctors use coded systems to track patient records. Farmers use drones and sensors
with coded programs to check crops. Teachers use educational software to teach students. Self-driving
cars, online shopping, robots in factories, and even elevators work through coded instructions. These
applications show that coding is essential in making our lives easier, faster, and smarter.
3. What exactly is meant by the term coding in the context of computer science?
Answer: In computer science, coding means writing a set of instructions that a computer can understand
and follow. These instructions are written using programming languages like Python, Scratch, or Java.
Just like we use language to talk to people, we use code to talk to computers. Coding helps create
software, websites, apps, games, and more. It tells machines what to do, when to do it, and how to do
it. Without coding, computers would not be able to do anything useful.
CHAPTER 3
Algorithms with Block
Coding

Higher Order Thinking Questions

1. You want to explain the process of making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich to your younger sibling.
Describe how you can use pseudocode to break down the steps clearly and easily.
Answer: Pseudocode is a simple way to write the steps of a process in plain English, like a recipe. To help
my younger sibling, I would break the sandwich-making process into small, clear instructions using
pseudocode:
START
Take two slices of bread
Open peanut butter jar
Use knife to spread peanut butter on one slice
Open jelly jar
Use clean knife to spread jelly on the other slice
Put the slices together (facing spread sides)
Cut sandwich if needed
Serve on a plate
END
2. Your school is organizing a tree-planting event, and you've been tasked with organizing the logistics.
How can creating a flowchart help you plan and execute the event efficiently? Provide specific
examples.
Answer: A flowchart helps break down the tree-planting event into clear steps and decisions. It can show
tasks in the right order and who is responsible. For example:
• Start → Decide planting date → Choose location → Arrange tools and saplings → Assign roles to
students → Monitor weather → If rain, postpone → Else, plant trees → Clean up → End.
Using shapes like rectangles (for actions) and diamonds (for decisions), we can plan everything smoothly.
It helps avoid confusion, track progress, and ensure everyone knows their job, making the event well-
organized and successful.
3. You're participating in a coding competition and must create a flowchart to solve a complex math
problem. Explain the importance of using standard symbols in your flowchart and how they make your
solution clear and universally understandable.
Answer: Using standard symbols in a flowchart is important because they help everyone understand the
process easily, even if they didn’t create it. A rectangle means an action, a diamond means a decision,
and arrows show the direction of flow.
In a coding competition, these symbols help judges and teammates quickly follow your logic. For
example, if solving a math problem:
 • Start → Get input → Check if number is even → Yes: divide by 2 → No: multiply by 3 + 1 → Repeat
→ End.
This clarity ensures your solution is understood and evaluated fairly. Standard symbols make flowcharts
universal.
4. Imagine you're planning a small birthday party for a friend. Create a flowchart outlining the steps, from
deciding on a theme to hosting the party.
Answer: Flowchart steps for a birthday party:
Start
→ Decide party theme
→ Choose date and time
→ Make a guest list
→ Send invitations
→ Plan menu and order food
→ Buy decorations and cake
→ Set up the venue
→ Welcome guests
→ Play games and activities
→ Cut the cake
→ Give return gifts
→ Clean up
End
5. Design a flowchart demonstrating the steps for playing your favourite indoor or board game, from
setting up the game to declaring a winner.
Answer: Flowchart steps for playing Ludo:
Start
→ Set up board and tokens
→ Decide who goes first
→ Roll the dice
→ Check if player can move token
→ If yes: move token
→ If no: next player's turn
→ Check if token reached home
→ Repeat until all tokens are home
→ First to get all tokens home is the winner
End
This flowchart helps new players understand how the game works. It also helps explain the rules step-
by-step and keeps the gameplay fair and fun.
CHAPTER 4
Variables using Block
Coding

Short Answer
1. What are variables in programming?
Answer: Variables are like containers that store information in a program. You can name them and put
values inside, like numbers or words, and change them anytime while the program runs.
2. Can you declare two variables in a program with the same name?
Answer: No, you cannot use the same name for two variables in the same program. It confuses the
computer because it won’t know which value to use.
3. What are some common data types in programming?
Answer: Common data types are:
• Integer (for whole numbers like 10),
• String (for text like "Hello"),
• Float (for decimal numbers like 3.14),
• Boolean (for true/false values).
4. Give an example of a data type that can store very large values.
Answer: The Float or Double data types can store very large numbers, like 1,000,000.55. Some
programming languages also have Long Integer for even bigger numbers.
5. Provide pseudocode for performing an addition operation on two variables in a program.
Answer: The pseudocode for performing an addition operation on two variables in a program is
START
Set A = 5
Set B = 10
Set SUM = A + B
Display SUM
END
This pseudocode adds two numbers and shows the result.

Higher Order Thinking Questions

1. You are designing a computer game. How would you use variables to keep track of the player's score,
character's health, and level progress? Explain the data types you would use for each variable and why.
Answer: When designing a computer game, variables are used to store changing values like the player's
score, health, and level progress.
• Score: I would use an integer variable because scores are always whole numbers (e.g., 100, 150).
• Health: For health, I would use a float if I want partial values (e.g., 75.5 health points) or an
integer if health is whole (e.g., 100, 80).
• Level progress: I would use an integer to store which level the player is on (e.g., level 3, level 5).
 These variables would be updated as the player plays: points added when collecting rewards, health
reduced by enemies, and level increased after completing a stage. Variables help track and manage game
dynamics in real time.
2. Your school is organizing a sports day, and you've been assigned to keep track of the scores for various
events. Explain how you would use variables to store and update the scores for different teams and
events.
Answer: To manage Sports Day scores, I would use variables for each team and each event. For
example:
• teamA_raceScore, teamB_jumpScore, etc.
• Each variable would be of integer type to store the score (e.g., 10, 20).
As events happen, I can update the variables by adding points based on performance. I can also use a
list or dictionary to organize scores efficiently:
teamScores = {"Team A": 0, "Team B": 0}
Then, I can increase scores like: teamScores["Team A"] += 5.
This method keeps the data organized, easy to update, and useful for calculating final results.
3. Your school library wants to create a database to manage books, including their titles, authors,
publication years, and availability. Describe which data types (integer, string, etc.) you would use for
each piece of information and why.
Answer: To create a library database, I would choose specific data types for each detail:
• Book Title: String, because titles are made of text (e.g., "Harry Potter").
• Author: String, since author names are written in letters (e.g., "J.K. Rowling").
• Publication Year: Integer, because the year is a number (e.g., 2015).
• Availability: Boolean, to store either True (available) or False (not available).
These data types help the library system work efficiently—e.g., quickly finding available books, sorting
by year, or searching by author. Correct data types improve search accuracy and database performance.
CHAPTER 5
Control with Conditions

Short Answer
1. What is the purpose of conditional statements in programming?
Answer: Conditional statements help a program make decisions. They tell the computer to do something
only if a certain condition is true—like checking if a number is greater than 10 before printing a message.
2. Define relational operators and provide an example of their use.
Answer: Relational operators compare two values. Examples include > (greater than) and == (equal to).
For example: if age > 12, it means “do something only if age is more than 12.”
3. Explain the role of logical operators and give an example of the AND operator in action.
Answer: Logical operators combine two or more conditions. The AND operator checks if both
conditions are true. Example: if age > 10 AND score > 80 – do something only if both are true.
4. How do nested conditional statements work, and why are they useful?
Answer: Nested conditionals are when one if statement is placed inside another. They help when
decisions depend on more than one condition. Example: Check if it's a holiday, and then check if it's
sunny before planning a picnic.
5. Describe the function of the NOT operator and provide a real-life example of its application.
Answer: The NOT operator means "opposite." If something is true, NOT makes it false.
Example: If it’s NOT raining, then go outside. It checks for when a condition is not happening.

Higher Order Thinking Questions

1. Think about a situation where you want to decide whether to stay indoors and study (Condition M) or
go out to play (Condition N). You also prefer staying in if it's raining (Condition R). How would you
combine these conditions using AND OR operators?
Answer: To decide whether to stay indoors and study (M) or go out and play (N), and also consider the
weather (R for rain), I can use logical operators:
• If it’s raining (R is true), I would choose to stay indoors (M).
• If it’s not raining, I can decide between studying or playing, depending on other priorities.
I can write the logic like this:
If R is true OR M is true → Stay indoors and study
Else If N is true AND R is false → Go out and play
This means: if it’s raining or I feel like studying, I’ll stay in. But if I want to play and it’s not raining, I’ll go
outside. The OR operator gives flexibility, and AND ensures both needed conditions are met.
2. In a game, you want a character to unlock a door only if they have both a key (Condition A) and the
correct password (Condition B). How would you implement this using nested conditions and the AND
operator?
 Answer: In a game, to unlock a door, the character must have:
• A key (Condition A)
• A correct password (Condition B)
This requires both conditions to be true. I would use a nested conditional like this:
If A (has key) is true:
If B (has correct password) is true:
Unlock the door
Else:
Show message: “Incorrect password”
Else:
Show message: “You need a key”
The AND operator can also be used directly:
If A AND B:
Unlock the door
Using nested conditions allows you to give specific messages for each missing part, improving the game
experience. It ensures that players meet both conditions before continuing.
3. You want to invite friends to your birthday party, but it will be on Saturday OR Sunday. Will you still
have a party if it rains on Saturday but not Sunday? Why or why not?
Answer: Since the party is planned for Saturday OR Sunday, it can happen on either day. If it rains on
Saturday, I can still have the party on Sunday if the weather is clear. The OR condition means only one
of the two days needs to be suitable. So, the answer is Yes, the party will still happen, because Sunday is
still an option if Saturday is rainy. This shows how the OR operator provides flexibility in planning and
decision-making. We don’t need both days to be good, just one.

Puzzle: The Colourful Mystery

Three magical creatures, Reddy, Bluie, and Yello, guard a colourful door. Each door is a different colour:
Red, Blue, and Yellow. However, the creatures sometimes tell the truth and sometimes lie.
1. Reddy says, "The Blue door is safe, and the Yellow door is not safe".
2. Bluie says, "Both the Red and Yellow doors are safe".
3. Yello says, "The Red Door is safe, or the Blue Door is not safe".
You must determine which door leads to safety and which creature is telling the truth. Can you determine
which door to choose and which creature is honest?
Answer:
Check all possibilities: We assume only one creature is telling the truth, and try each case to see which
one leads to a consistent solution.
Assume Reddy is telling the truth:
Then:
o Blue is safe
o Yellow is not safe
Now check:
 • Bluie says Red and Yellow are safe → false (Yellow is not safe)
• Yello says Red is safe OR Blue is not safe
o Red is unknown
o Blue is safe → "Blue is not safe" is false → Red must be safe for Yello's statement to be
true
→ If Red is safe → Yello's statement is true → contradiction (two creatures telling the truth)
So, Reddy cannot be the one telling the truth
Assume Bluie is telling the truth:
• Then:
o Red and Yellow are safe
Now check:
• Reddy says Blue is safe and Yellow is not safe → contradiction (Yellow is safe) → Reddy is lying
• Yello says Red is safe OR Blue is not safe
o Red is safe → statement is true → contradiction again (two truthful creatures)
So Bluie is not the truth-teller
Assume Yello is telling the truth:
• Yello says: "Red is safe OR Blue is not safe"
→ So:
• Either Red is safe
• Or Blue is not safe
• Or both
Now check Reddy:
• Says Blue is safe and Yellow is not safe → let’s test this:
o If Blue is not safe → first part is false
o If Yellow is safe → second part is false
→ Either way → Reddy is lying
Check Bluie:
• Says Red and Yellow are safe
→ If Yellow is not safe or Red is not safe → Bluie is lying
Only Yello is telling the truth → matches our condition.
Final Answer:
• Yello is the only one telling the truth
• The Red door is safe
(Because Yello’s statement is true if Red is safe or Blue is not safe — and we now know Blue is
not safe)
CHAPTER 6
Understanding Loop Structures

Short Answer
1. What is the purpose of the WHILE loop in programming?
Answer: A WHILE loop keeps repeating a set of instructions as long as a condition is true. It is used when
we don’t know how many times, we need to repeat something in advance.
2. What are the benefits of using loops in programming?
Answer: Loops save time by repeating actions automatically. Instead of writing the same code again and
again, we use a loop to do it for us—like printing numbers 1 to 10 quickly.
3. What is the difference between a "for" loop and a "while" loop?
Answer: A "for" loop is used when we know how many times to repeat. A "while" loop is used when we
don’t know how many times but want to keep going until something changes.
4. What is an iteration?
Answer: An iteration means one complete run of the loop. If a loop runs 5 times, it has 5 iterations. Each
time the loop repeats, that is one iteration.
5. How do you stop a loop from running infinitely?
Answer: To stop an infinite loop, we make sure the condition becomes false at some point. This is done
by updating a variable inside the loop or using a break statement.
6. What is the difference between an entry-controlled and exit-controlled loop? Provide examples for
each.
Answer:
• Entry-controlled loop checks the condition before the loop runs (e.g., while loop)
→ while (x < 5):
• Exit-controlled loop runs at least once and checks the condition after (e.g., do-while loop in
some languages)
→ do { } while (x < 5);
Entry-controlled loops may not run at all, but exit-controlled loops run at least once.
CHAPTER 7
Game Development with
Block Coding

Short Answer
1. Explain the role of game design in the game development process.
Answer: Game design is the planning part of creating a game. It includes deciding how the game looks,
how it works, the rules, goals, and what makes it fun for players.
2. Name two important aspects of game development mentioned in the basic game development rules.
Answer: Two important aspects are gameplay (how the game is played) and visuals (how the game
looks). Both help make the game fun and exciting.
3. How can game levels make a game more engaging for players?
Answer: Game levels keep players interested by adding new challenges and goals. As the levels get
harder, players stay curious and motivated to keep playing and improving.
4. Why is it crucial to enjoy developing a game, as mentioned in the rules?
Answer: When you enjoy making a game, you put more creativity and effort into it. It becomes fun, and
that fun feeling shows in the final game, making it better for players too.
5. Describe the purpose of sound effects and music in a game.
Answer: Sound effects and music make the game more exciting and real. They set the mood, show
actions (like jumping or winning), and help players feel part of the game world.

Higher Order Thinking Questions

1. Imagine you're in a magical forest. Design a simple game where the main character needs to collect
enchanted fruits while avoiding magical creatures.
• What would be the controls for your game?
• How would you design the character and the magical creatures?
• Describe the background and levels.
Answer:
Game Idea:
In a magical forest, the main character is on a mission to collect enchanted fruits to unlock powers
while avoiding magical creatures like flying owls and sneaky trolls.
• Controls:
I would use arrow keys for movement (left, right, jump), and the spacebar to collect fruits. If the
game is on mobile, I would use touch swipe for movement and tap to collect.
• Character & Creatures Design:
The main character could be a brave forest elf wearing a glowing cloak. The magical creatures
would be designed with sparkly effects—like an owl with glowing eyes or a troll with mossy skin
that blends into the trees.
 • Background & Levels:
The background would be a mystical forest with glowing mushrooms, floating lanterns, and
magical mist.
o Level 1: Simple fruit collection, slow-moving creatures.
o Level 2: Night mode with faster creatures.
o Level 3: Hidden traps and flying enemies, with a final enchanted tree to reach.
This design keeps the game adventurous and visually magical while encouraging strategy and timing.
2. You are developing a space-themed game.
• What kind of background music would you choose?
• Describe the sound effects for spaceship movements, shooting lasers, and alien encounters.
Answer:
Theme:
The player controls a space explorer flying through galaxies, dodging asteroids, battling aliens, and
exploring new planets.
• Background Music:
I would choose ambient electronic music with a soft, mysterious tone to match the feeling of
space. It would have slow beats and echoing sounds to give the sense of floating in zero gravity
and discovering the unknown.
• Sound Effects:
o Spaceship Movement: A low-pitched hum or whoosh that gets louder as speed increases,
giving a sense of motion and energy.
o Shooting Lasers: Sharp, high-pitched "pew pew" sounds, like in sci-fi movies, with a slight
echo to make it sound spacey.
o Alien Encounters: Unusual sound patterns like clicks, roars, or robotic voice distortions to
make the aliens feel mysterious and exciting.
Sound plays a huge role in setting the mood and keeping the game immersive, especially in a space
adventure where the player depends on audio cues for danger and action.
CHAPTER 8
Basics of MS Word

Higher Order Thinking Questions

1. Why is it important to format text in a document? How does it enhance the readability of the
document?
Answer: Formatting text in a document helps make the content clear, organized, and easy to read. By
using bold for headings, different font sizes for titles, and bullet points for lists, readers can quickly find
the information they need. For example, a report with neatly formatted titles, subheadings, and
highlights is more attractive and professional than plain, unorganized text. Formatting guides the
reader’s eyes and improves understanding.
2. Describe a real-world scenario where using tables in Microsoft Word could be highly beneficial. Explain
why.
Answer: Using tables is very helpful when organizing data or comparing information. For example, a
teacher preparing a class timetable can use a table to show days of the week and subjects in each time
slot. Tables keep the layout clean and easy to follow. They are also useful in school projects for showing
survey results, prices, or schedules, as they allow users to align text and numbers properly in rows and
columns.
3. Imagine you are creating a report for your school project in Microsoft Word. Describe at least three
formatting choices you would make to make the report visually appealing.
Answer: To make my school report look neat and attractive:
1. I would use headings and subheadings in bold and larger font to separate each section clearly.
2. I’d choose a readable font like Calibri or Arial, and use line spacing to avoid cluttered text.
3. I would insert images or charts with captions to make it more engaging and help explain my
points visually.
These choices help my report stand out and make it easier for the teacher to read and grade.
4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of merging cells in a table when creating a document.
Provide examples of when it might be useful and when it might not be.
Answer:
Advantages: Merging cells helps when you want to create a heading across multiple columns, like in a
title row of a table. For example, merging the top row to write “Class Timetable” makes the table look
neat and centered.
Disadvantages: Merging too many cells can make it harder to edit the table later or to sort the data. If
you need to add new columns or rows, merged cells may mess up the alignment.
Use it when: creating section headers or organizing simple tables.
Avoid it when: you need to sort or calculate data in complex tables.
CHAPTER 9
Basics of Microsoft
PowerPoint

Short Answer
1. What is the main purpose of Microsoft PowerPoint?
Answer: Microsoft PowerPoint is used to create presentations. It helps us show ideas using slides with
text, pictures, animations, and more. It’s great for school projects and class speeches.
2. What is the function of the Design tab in PowerPoint?
Answer: The Design tab lets you choose slide themes, colors, and styles. It helps make your presentation
look nice and professional with just a few clicks.
3. What is the role of the Text Box in PowerPoint?
Answer: A Text Box lets you type anywhere on the slide. You can add titles, labels, or notes to explain
your pictures and ideas clearly.
4. How can you add shapes to your slide in PowerPoint?
Answer: Go to the Insert tab, click on Shapes, and choose a shape like a circle or arrow. Then click and
drag on the slide to draw the shape.
5. Where can you style the shape after adding it to the slide?
Answer: After adding a shape, use the Shape Format tab to change its color, outline, size, or effects. You
can make your shape look colorful and fun.
6. Which tab do you click on to customize the background of a slide?
Answer: You click on the Design tab, then select Format Background to change how the slide
background looks.
7. What are the different types of background fills you can use in PowerPoint?
Answer: You can use Solid Fill, Gradient Fill, Picture or Texture Fill, and Pattern Fill to style your slide
background in different ways.

Higher Order Thinking Questions:

1. Your friend showed you a PowerPoint presentation for their science project, but you found it hard to
follow because of its inconsistent design and font choices. How would you advise them to make their
presentation clearer and more engaging using the tools available in PowerPoint?
Answer: If my friend's presentation was hard to follow because of different fonts and styles, I would
suggest using the Design tab to pick one clear and simple theme. I’d tell them to:
• Use the same font and size for headings and text on every slide (e.g., Arial, 24pt for headings).
• Add bullet points instead of long paragraphs to make content easier to read.
• Use the Slide Master feature to apply one consistent look to all slides.
This makes the presentation look cleaner, more professional, and easier to understand.
2. Imagine you have been asked to give a presentation about your favorite hobby using Microsoft
PowerPoint. Which features of PowerPoint would you utilize to make your presentation engaging and
why?
Answer: If I had to present my favorite hobby (like drawing or football), I would use:
 • Pictures and videos to show what I do.
• SmartArt to display steps or benefits in an organized way.
• Animations to make text and images appear with fun effects.
• Transitions to move smoothly between slides.
These tools keep my audience interested and help them understand my hobby better through
visuals and movement.
3. You're working on a group project, and your task is to create a presentation. While working, you
accidentally deleted a slide that had vital information. What steps would you take to retrieve that
slide?
Answer: If I deleted an important slide by mistake, I would:
• Press Ctrl + Z right away to undo the deletion.
• If I already saved the file, I’d check the Version History by going to File > Info > Version History
and restore an earlier version.
• I could also ask a teammate if they have a saved copy.
These steps help recover the missing slide and ensure we don’t lose important information in
our project.
4. Your class is having a storytelling competition, and you've decided to use Microsoft PowerPoint to aid
your story. The story is about a lost puppy finding its way home. How would you use animations,
transitions, and other PowerPoint tools to make your story come to life?
Answer: To make my lost puppy story come alive, I would:
• Use transitions like “Fade” or “Push” to smoothly move between scenes.
• Add animations to show the puppy walking, barking, or looking sad.
• Insert background music to match the emotion (soft music when lost, happy music when
found).
• Use speech bubbles and text boxes to show the puppy’s thoughts or words.
This way, the audience feels like they are part of the story and enjoys the visual journey of the
puppy finding its way home.
Let me know if you'd like a sample presentation structure or a design template for any of these tasks!
CHAPTER 10
Introduction to Robotics

Short Answer
1. What is the definition of a robot?
Answer: A robot is a machine that can follow instructions and do tasks on its own or with some help. It
can move, sense things around it, and sometimes think using code.
2. What is the main function of a servo motor?
Answer: A servo motor helps a robot move parts like arms or wheels to a specific position. It is used
when the movement needs to be controlled accurately.
3. What are the five sensory organs in the human body?
Answer: The five sensory organs are eyes (sight), ears (hearing), nose (smell), tongue (taste), and skin
(touch). They help us sense the world around us.
4. Give an example of a sensor used in robotics that detects temperature.
Answer: A temperature sensor, like the thermistor, is used in robots to check how hot or cold something
is, just like how we feel temperature with our skin.
5. How do motion sensors make it convenient for people entering a store?
Answer: Motion sensors detect when someone walks near the door and automatically open it. This
makes it easy for people to enter without pushing the door.
6. What are the two types of IR sensors mentioned for Quarky?
Answer: Quarky uses two types of IR sensors:
• IR Proximity Sensor (to detect objects nearby)
• IR Line Follower Sensor (to follow black lines on the ground)
7. How do ultrasonic sensors calculate the distance to an object?
Answer: Ultrasonic sensors send sound waves that bounce back from an object. The sensor measures
the time it takes to return and calculates the distance using that time.

Higher Order Thinking Questions

1. Can you think of other real-world applications for ultrasonic sensors besides robotics?
Answer: Yes, ultrasonic sensors are used in many places outside robotics. For example, cars use them in
parking sensors to detect how close objects are behind the vehicle. In automatic water tanks, they check
the water level. They're also used in medical devices like ultrasound machines to see inside the body.
These sensors help measure distance and detect objects without touching them, making them useful in
many fields.
2. How might touch sensors be used in everyday household devices beyond phones and tablets?
Answer: Touch sensors are found in microwaves, washing machines, lamps, and even refrigerators.
Instead of pressing buttons, you can touch a smooth surface to turn things on or off. For example, a lamp
with a touch sensor lets you tap it to change brightness. This makes devices easier and more modern to
use, especially for kids and older people.
3. You visit a science museum and see a robot that can draw pictures. How do you think the robot knows
what to draw, and how does it hold the pen?
Answer: The robot likely follows a programmed code with step-by-step instructions for drawing. It may
use sensors or a camera to guide its movement on the paper. The robot's arm or claw is designed to grip
the pen firmly, just like our fingers do. Motors control how the arm moves, and the robot draws based
on coordinates and directions given in the code.
4. You're programming Quarky to display a message on its RGB LED display for your friend's birthday. If
you wanted to make the message extra special, how might you use colors and patterns?
Answer: To make the message exciting, I would use bright and changing colors like rainbow patterns or
blinking lights. For example, each letter of "HAPPY BIRTHDAY" could appear in a different color. I can also
add scrolling text, hearts, or stars that move across the screen. Using patterns and colors together makes
the message more fun, cheerful, and memorable for my friend.
CHAPTER 11

Fun with Artificial Intelligence

Short Answer
1. What is intelligence?
Answer: Intelligence is the ability to think, learn, solve problems, and make decisions. It helps living
beings and machines understand things and act wisely.
2. How can human intelligence be described?
Answer: Human intelligence means we can learn from experience, think creatively, solve problems, and
understand emotions. It helps us adapt to new situations and make smart choices.
3. Give an example of animal intelligence.
Answer: A dolphin using whistles to talk to other dolphins or a crow using sticks to get food are examples
of animal intelligence. It shows that animals can learn and solve problems too.
4. What differentiates intelligent machines from regular computers?
Answer: Intelligent machines, like robots or AI, can learn from data and improve over time. Regular
computers only follow fixed instructions. Smart machines can make decisions, while regular ones cannot
think for themselves.

Higher Order Thinking Questions

1. If you were to design a robot to help elderly people in their homes, what "intelligent" features or
behaviours would you prioritize? How would you ensure the robot respects their privacy and safety?
Answer: If I designed a robot for elderly people, I would focus on intelligent features like:
• Voice-controlled help for reminders (medicine, appointments),
• Movement assistance (like detecting falls),
• Smart sensors for checking room temperature or lights.
To respect privacy, I would ensure the robot:
• Does not record or share personal data without permission,
• Has settings to turn off cameras/microphones,
• Can only be controlled by trusted people like family or doctors.
This keeps the elderly safe while protecting their comfort and dignity.
2. Elephants have an incredible memory, and parrots can recognize faces. Imagine you are making a game
that involves animals. How might you incorporate these unique animal intelligence traits into
gameplay?
Answer: In my animal game, I would use:
• Elephant memory: A level where players must remember and repeat paths or patterns, just like
elephants remember routes.
• Parrot recognition: A mini-game where parrots react only to familiar characters or items,
testing the player's matching and memory skills.
These traits would make the game fun and teach players about real animal abilities while challenging
their thinking.
3. Consider a situation where a computer's intelligence might be problematic or harmful. For example,
what might happen if a computer game becomes too good at playing against humans? Would people
still enjoy it?
Answer: If a computer game becomes too smart, it may beat players every time, making the game
frustrating. People play games to have fun and feel challenged, but not to feel defeated always.
To fix this, the game should include difficulty levels or adaptive learning, so it becomes harder only as
the player improves. This way, it stays enjoyable and fair.
4. Imagine you set up a face detection system in a park to find lost children. However, it sometimes
mistakes children playing hide-and-seek as lost. How might you improve the system to avoid this
confusion?
Answer: If a face detection system wrongly identifies kids playing hide-and-seek as lost, we can:
• Add motion tracking to see if the child is actually panicking or just playing.
• Use voice recognition to ask simple questions before raising alerts.
• Include time-based tracking: only mark as lost if the child hasn’t moved from one spot for too
long.
These improvements help reduce confusion while keeping kids safe.
5. With the rapid advancements in AI, some jobs might be replaced by machines. Can you think of any
jobs or tasks that only humans should do, regardless of how advanced AI becomes? Why?
Answer: Some jobs need human emotion, judgment, and creativity that AI can’t copy well. For
example:
• Teachers, because they understand feelings and help students emotionally.
• Doctors or nurses, who comfort patients with care and empathy.
• Artists or writers, because creativity comes from personal experiences.
Even with smart machines, these roles need the human touch to truly connect with others.
 CHAPTER 12
Internet and Computer
Networking

Short Answer
1. How does a web browser work when you want to visit a specific website?
Answer: When you type a website address in a web browser, it sends a request to that website’s server.
The server then sends back the page, and the browser shows it on your screen so you can read or interact
with it.
2. Explain how a search engine helps users find information online.
Answer: A search engine like Google helps you find information by looking through millions of websites.
You just type in what you want to know, and it shows a list of the most useful pages.
3. What are some advantages of email as a means of communication?
Answer: Email is fast, free, and can be sent to anyone in the world. You can send messages, pictures, and
documents quickly, and it works any time of day.
4. Why is it important to be cautious when dealing with fake emails?
Answer: Fake emails can trick you into giving personal information or clicking harmful links. Being careful
helps protect your identity, money, and computer from scams and viruses.

Higher-order Thinking Questions

1. Imagine you want to email your teacher about a question you have on your homework. What polite
phrases should you include in your email to make it respectful and clear?
Answer: When writing an email to my teacher, I would use polite phrases like:
• “Dear [Teacher’s Name],” to start respectfully,
• “I hope you are well,” as a polite opening,
• Then clearly state my question: “I had a doubt about question 3 in our homework.”
• I’d also write: “Thank you for your help,” and end with “Sincerely, [Your Name].”
Being respectful and clear shows good manners and helps the teacher understand my question quickly.
2. Your friend received an email from someone pretending to be you asking for their personal
information. What advice would you give your friend on handling this situation and confirming the
sender's identity?
Answer: If my friend received a fake email pretending to be me, I would tell them:
• Do not reply or share any personal information.
• Check the email address carefully—fake emails often have small changes in spelling.
• Ask me directly, either by calling or messaging, to see if I really sent the email.
• I’d also suggest they report the email as spam or block the sender.
This helps stay safe online and avoid falling into scams.
3. Website Imagine you stumbled upon a website offering free downloadable games. However, you
remember the lessons about malware and viruses. What steps would you take before downloading
anything from this site?
Answer: If I find a website offering free games, I would first:
• Check if the website is trusted by reading reviews or checking if it ends in .com or .org (not
strange ones).
• Look for a secure padlock symbol ( ) in the address bar to ensure it’s safe.
• Avoid clicking pop-ups or strange links that appear on the site.
• I’d also ask an adult or use antivirus software to scan the file before downloading.
This way, I stay safe from malware, viruses, or hackers while using the internet.